RESUMO: O linfoma é uma neoplasia com origem nos tecidos hematopoiéticos sólidos e é um dos tumores mais frequentes em cães. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi efetuar um estudo retrospectivo dos linfomas caninos recebidos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) de 2000 a 2017, determinando a epidemiologia e a distribuição anatômica, bem como os aspectos histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de cada caso de acordo com a classificação de Kiel adaptada. Foram revisados os protocolos de necropsias e biópsias recebidos no laboratório identificando-se 77 casos de cães com diagnóstico de linfoma. A doença afetou cães sem raça definida em 37,7% (29/77) dos casos, enquanto os cães com raças definidas tiveram 58,4% (45/77) dos diagnósticos. A ocorrência em machos (40/77) foi discretamente maior do que em fêmeas (36/77) e a idade média foi de 8,1 anos (1,4-17 anos). A faixa etária mais acometida foi entre seis e 10 anos de idade com 31 casos (40,2%). Quanto à classificação anatômica a forma multicêntrica foi a mais prevalente atingindo 71,4% (55/77) dos diagnósticos. Em 40 casos em que a imunofenotipagem foi realizada, os linfomas de células B representaram 62,5% dos casos (25/40), enquanto os linfomas de células T equivaleram a 37,5% dos diagnósticos (15/40). O grau de malignidade de acordo com a classificação de Kiel modificada foi baixo em 35% dos linfomas (14/40) e alto em 65% dos casos (26/40). Conclui-se que a forma multicêntrica é mais frequente na região de influência do LRD-UFPel e que a identificação do imunofenótipo pode melhorar a qualidade de vida e dar maior sobrevida aos cães afetados uma vez que permite o tratamento mais adequado para cada caso.

ABSTRACT: Lymphoma is a neoplasm that originates from solid hematopoietic tissues and is one of the most common tumors in dogs. The goal of the present study was to perform a retrospective study of canine lymphomas diagnosed at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico”, at the “Faculdade de Veterinária” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel) from 2000 to 2017, to determine the epidemiology and anatomical distribution, and to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of each case according to the adapted Kiel classification. The protocols for necropsies and biopsies in the laboratory were reviewed. Lymphoma was diagnosed in 77 dogs. Approximately 37.7% (29/77) of affected dogs had no defined breed, while dogs with defined breeds accounted for 58.4% (45/77) of the diagnoses. The occurrence in males (40/77) was slightly higher than that in females (36/77), and the mean age was 8.1 years (1.4-17 years). The most affected age group was between six and 10 years of age with 31 cases (40.2%). Regarding the anatomical classification, the multicentric form was the most prevalent, accounting for 71.4% (55/77) of the diagnoses. In 40 cases that immunophenotyping was performed, B-cell lymphomas represented 62.5% of the diagnoses (25/40), while T-cell lymphomas corresponded to 37.5% of the diagnoses (15/40). The degree of malignancy according to the modified Kiel classification was low in 35% of lymphomas (14/40) and high in 65% of cases (26/40). The multicentric form was more frequent in the region of influence of the LRD-UFPel. Identification of the immunophenotype can improve the quality of life and survival in affected dogs since it allows the most appropriate treatment for each patient.

RESUMO: Com o objetivo de testar diferentes formas de controle de Senecio madagascariensis foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro, 40 ovinos foram colocados em uma área de quatro hectares por 90 dias, com infestação média e alta por S. madagascariensis. A área após este período foi dessecada com glifosato (Roundup®) e semeada com Lotus corniculatus L. (cornichão), Trifolium repens (trevo branco), Medicago sativa (alfafa) e Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (festuca) por plantio direto. Os ovinos, após oito meses, retornaram a área por mais 90 dias. O segundo experimento foi realizado com 10 ovinos em pastejo por 30 dias com 60 dias de descanso em três áreas de 0,5 hectares cada uma, com infestação baixa, média e alta por S. madagascariensis. O terceiro experimento foi realizado utilizando-se dessecação, aração e plantio de pastagens (leguminosas e gramíneas) por três vezes consecutivas, sem utilização de ovinos em uma área invadida pela planta. Para o controle de S. brasiliensis e outras espécies do gênero, um quarto experimento foi realizado em uma propriedade rural com histórico de intoxicação por Senecio spp. em bovinos. Foram utilizados 86 ovinos, que permaneceram em uma área de 90 hectares durante um ano. Os resultados destes experimentos demonstraram que os ovinos consomem S. madagascariensis e diminuem a quantidade de planta em áreas infestadas. Por outro lado, evidenciou-se também que S. madagascariensis para ser controlado de forma eficiente necessita de pastejo contínuo com pelo menos quatro ovinos por ha. As práticas como dessecação com herbicidas, aração e plantio de pastagem podem auxiliar na eliminação da planta a longo prazo. Em áreas de infestação por S. brasiliensis a roçagem pode ser uma prática eficiente, principalmente pelo porte alto da planta, pois facilita o consumo pelos ovinos.

ABSTRACT: In order to test different technics to control Senecio madagascariensis, three experiments were carried out. In the first, 40 sheep were placed in an area of four hectares for 90 days, with medium/high levels of infestation by the plant. The area after this period was desiccated with glyphosate (Roundup®) and seeded with Lotus corniculatus L., Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. by direct seeding. After eight months, sheep returned to the area for another 90 days. The second experiment was conducted with 10 sheep grazing for 30 days and 60 days’ rest, in three areas of 0.5 hectares each, with low, medium and high levels of S. madagascariensis infestation. The third experiment was carried out using drying, plowing and cultivated pasture (legumes and grasses) for three consecutive times without the use of sheep in an area infested by the plant. For the control of S. brasiliensis and other species of the genus, a fourth experiment was performed on a farm with history of intoxication by Senecio spp. in cattle. Eighty-six sheep were used in an area of 90 hectares for a year. The results of these experiments demonstrated that sheep consume and decrease the amount of S. madagascariensis in infested areas. Furthermore, it also indicated that S. madagascariensis to be efficiently controlled requires continuous grazing with at least four sheep per hectare. Practices as drying the pastures with herbicides, tillage and pasture planting can help eliminate the plant in long-term plan. In areas with S. brasiliensis infestation mowing can be an effective practice, mainly due to the high size of the plant, since it facilitates consumption by sheep.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with chronic complications that lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in young adults of productive age. Intensive insulin therapy has been able to reduce the likelihood of the development of chronic diabetes complications. However, this treatment is still associated with an increased incidence of hypoglycemia. In patients with “brittle T1DM”, who have severe hypoglycemia without adrenergic symptoms (hypoglycemia unawareness), islet transplantation may be a therapeutic option to restore both insulin secretion and hypoglycemic perception. The Edmonton group demonstrated that most patients who received islet infusions from more than one donor and were treated with steroid-free immunosuppressive drugs displayed a considerable decline in the initial insulin independence rates at eight years following the transplantation, but showed permanent C-peptide secretion, which facilitated glycemic control and protected patients against hypoglycemic episodes. Recently, data published by the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) has revealed that approximately 50% of the patients who undergo islet transplantation are insulin independent after a 3-year follow-up. Therefore, islet transplantation is able to successfully decrease plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia, and improve patient quality of life. The goal of this paper was to review the human islet isolation and transplantation processes, and to describe the establishment of a human islet isolation laboratory at the Endocrine Division of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre – Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Examine the prevalence and clinical/epidemiological aspects of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from sputum provided by an outpatient clinic specializing in the treatment of multiresistant tuberculosis (MRTB) in Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: All patients followed at the MRTB outpatient clinic of the Octávio Mangabeira Specialized Hospital (HEOM) were evaluated retrospectively from July 1998 to July 2003. All patients underwent direct examinations and cultures to identify the mycobacteria species found during initial and subsequent evaluations. The following variables were recorded: age, gender, clinical symptoms and signs, pre-existing lung disease, prior TB treatment, HIV serology, and NTM species. Categorical and quantitative variables were respectively characterized using proportions and measures ± SD. RESULTS: NTM were isolated in 19 of 231 patients (8.2%; 95%CI: 5.2%-12.3%), with the following species distribution: 58% (11/19) M. chelonae/abscessus; 16% (3/19) M. avium-intracellular complex; 16% (3/19) M. kansasii; and 11% (2/19) M. fortuitum. HIV serology was positive for just one patient (5%), from whom M. chelonae/abscessus was isolated. Productive coughing was observed in all cases. American Thoracic Society (ATS) diagnostic criteria for NTM lung disease were observed in 14 patients (74%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of NTM isolated from patients referred to the MRTB outpatient clinic in Bahia was 8.2% (CI 95%: 5.2%-12.3%); rapid-growth mycobacteria (M. chelonae/M. fortuitum) were the most frequently isolated (68%).