Resumo Acacia mangium (Willd., 1806) (Fabales: Fabaceae) é uma planta pioneira com rápido crescimento, rusticidade, potencial nitrificador e importante em programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo foi avaliar a distribuição e a diversidade funcional das interações e a dominância-K de grupos de artrópodes em árvores jovens de A. mangium. Os números de indivíduos de onze espécies de insetos fitófagos, três de abelhas e quatorze de inimigos naturais foram maiores na superfície adaxial de folhas dessa planta. A abundância, diversidade e riqueza de espécies de insetos fitófagos e inimigos naturais, e a abundância e riqueza de espécies de polinizadores foram maiores na face adaxial de folhas de A. mangium. A distribuição de cinco espécies de hemípteros sugadores de seiva e seis de formigas protocooperantes (Hymenoptera), com interação positiva entre esses grupos, e três de abelhas (Hymenoptera) foi agregada em folhas de plantas jovens de A. mangium. Aethalion reticulatum (L.) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) e Bemisia sp. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); Brachymyrmex sp. e Camponotus sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); e Trigona spinipes Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) foram os insetos fitófagos, inimigos naturais e polinizadores mais dominantes, respectivamente, em folhas de A. mangium. A definição da superfície foliar preferida pode auxiliar programas de manejo integrado de pragas.

Abstract Acacia mangium (Willd., 1806) (Fabales: Fabaceae) is a fast growing, rustic, pioneer species, with potential to fix nitrogen, and for programs to recover degraded areas. The objective was to evaluate the distribution and the functional diversity of interactions and the K-dominance of arthropod groups on A. mangium saplings. The number of individuals of eleven species of phytophagous insects, three bee species, and fourteen natural enemy species were highest on the adaxial leaf surface of this plant. Abundance, diversity and species richness of phytophagous insects and natural enemies, and abundance and species richness of pollinators were highest on the adaxial A. mangium leaf surface. The distribution of five species of sap-sucking hemipterans and six of protocooperating ants (Hymenoptera), with positive interaction between these groups, and three bee species (Hymenoptera) were aggregated on leaves of A. mangium saplings. Aethalion reticulatum (L.) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) and Bemisia sp. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); Brachymyrmex sp. and Camponotus sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); and Trigona spinipes Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were the most dominant phytophagous insects, natural enemies, and pollinators, respectively, on A. mangium leaves. Knowledge of preferred leaf surfaces could help integrated pest management programs.

Resumo Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) é, amplamente, distribuída no cerrado brasileiro e seus frutos são utilizados para alimentação humana, produção de cosméticos, lubrificantes e na indústria farmacêutica, no entanto, é danificada por insetos galhadores. O número de insetos galhadores e seus parasitoides foram avaliados, em campo (galhas) e em laboratório (emergência de adultos das galhas), em três alturas do dossel de C. brasiliense, durante três anos. Os números de adultos Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), inseto galhador (galhas novas) e de Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), parasitoide de Eurytoma sp., foram maiores na parte apical do dossel da copa de árvores de C. brasiliense. A quantidade de galhas globoides de Eurytoma sp., isoladas ou em grupo (galhas velhas), foi maior na parte mediana e basal da copa. Os números de adultos do galhador Eurytoma sp. e de seus parasitoides, que os seguem, foram maiores na parte apical da copa de árvores de C. brasiliense.

Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) is widely distributed in the Brazilian savanna and its fruits are used by humans for food, production of cosmetics, lubricants, and in the pharmaceutical industry. This plant is damaged by galling insects. Number of these galling insects and their parasitoids was recorded, in the field (galls) and in the laboratory (adults emerged from the galls), from three C. brasiliense crown heights, during three years. Numbers of adults of Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), galling insect (younger attack) and Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) (a parasitoid of Eurytoma sp.), were greater on the apical parts of C. brasiliense tree crowns. Numbers and groups of Eurytoma sp. globoid galls (older attack) were higher in the median and basal crown parts. The numbers of Eurytoma sp. galls were higher on apical part of C. brasiliense tree crown and also of their parasitoids.

Resumo As fêmeas de Oncideres anelam galhos de árvores da família Fabaceae, interrompendo o fluxo de seiva, tornando a madeira ideal para o desenvolvimento de suas larvas. A casca de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville uma espécie nativa do cerrado brasileiro, é amplamente utilizada na medicina tradicional. Os objetivos foram relatar, pela primeira vez, Oncideres saga (Dalman), usando S. adstringens como hospedeiro e descrever o padrão dos galhos anelados e a distribuição das posturas desse inseto. O diâmetro na base e o comprimento dos galhos anelados foram medidos e o número de incisões feitas pelas fêmeas por seção do galho (basal, mediana e apical) quantificados. Os espécimes emergidos foram contados e o diâmetro dos orifícios de emergência medidos. O diâmetro médio, dos galhos anelados, na base foi de 2,58 ± 0,16 cm e o comprimento de 90,6 ± 4,6 cm. O número médio de posturas por galho foi 37,7 ± 2,7. Danos por O. saga podem reduzir o crescimento e causar perdas em S. adstringens, árvore com grande potencial extrativista.

Abstract Oncideres females girdle tree branches of the Fabaceae family, interrupting the sap flow and turning the wood conditions ideal for their larvae development. The bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, a species native to the Brazilian Cerrado, is widely used in the traditional medicine. The objectives were to report, for the first time, Oncideres saga (Dalman), using S. adstringens as a host and to describe the pattern of branch girdling and oviposition distribution by this insect on these branches. The diameter at the base and the length of the girdled branches were measured and the number of incisions made by the O. saga females to oviposit, per branch section (basal, median and apical), counted. The emerged specimens were counted and the diameter of the exit holes measured. The average diameter at the base of the girdled branches was 2.5 ± 0.16 cm and the length was 90.6 ± 4.6 cm. The average number of incisions per branch was 37.7 ± 2.7. Damage by O. saga can reduce the growth and cause losses on S. adstringens, a tree with great extractivism potential.,

Abstract This work presents a second-order inelastic analysis of steel arches. The analysis of shallow and non-shallow arches with several cross sections and boundary and loads conditions are discussed. The computational platform used is the homemade CS-ASA, which performs advanced nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of structures. The nonlinear geometric effects are considered using a co-rotational finite element formulation; the material inelasticity is simulated by coupling the Refined Plastic Hinge Method (RPHM) with the Strain Compatibility Method (SCM), and the static nonlinear solution is based on an incremental-iterative strategy including continuation techniques. In the simulated nonlinear steel arch models, special attention is given to the equilibrium paths, the influence of rise-to-span ratio, support and loading conditions and full yield curves among other factors. The numerical results obtained show good agreement with those from literature and highlight that the arch rise-to-span ratio has great influence on the structure resistance and that the shallow arches can lose stability through the snap-through phenomenon.

Abstract This article describes the design of a dual-wideband annular slot antenna. The proposed structure has been optimized to operate in the typical bands of mobile communication systems (0.824-0.960 GHz and 1.710-2.165 GHz). The antenna is designed considering two independent ports with high isolation, one for each operation band, yielding an antenna that exhibits diplexing feature. The final measured results show that the designed antenna exhibits stable radiation pattern over the frequency in both desired bands. The designed antenna has been used to compose a dual-band linear array. Simulation results indicate good performance in both bands for mobile communication systems.

Abstract The present work aims to study the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete structures via Refined Plastic Hinge Method (RPHM). Pseudo-springs are used at the finite element ends, where the gradual loss of stiffness is determined by the combination of the normal force and bending moment (NM) in the cross section. The limiting of the uncracked, elastic and plastic regimes is done in the NM diagram. The concrete cracking is explicitly simulated with two approaches to calculate the effective moment of inertia of the cross section. The displacement-based formulation is referenced to the co-rotational system and coupled with continuation strategies to allow to overcome the possible critical points in the equilibrium paths. For validation of the numerical simulations, the results found with the proposed formulation are confronted with experimental and numerical data present in literature.

Resumo É registrado pela primeira no estado do Rio Grande do Sul a ocorrência de Scobina melanocephala (Lepeletier, 1823), Scobina thoracica (Jorgensen, 1913) e Scobina poeciloides (Ashmead, 1895), esta última sendo registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil. Scobina melanopyga (Klug, 1834) e Scobina torquata (Konow, 1903) também foram encontradas no estudo. O material analisado foi coletado utilizando armadilhas de Malaise em cultivo de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) e estão depositados na Coleção Entomológica de Santa Cruz do Sul.

Abstract It is recorded for the first time in the state of Rio Grande do Sul the occurrence of Scobina melanocephala (Lepeletier, 1823), Scobina thoracica (Jorgensen, 1913) and Scobina poeciloides (Ashmead, 1895), being this last the first record for Brazil. Scobina melanopyga (Klug, 1834) and Scobina torquata (Konow, 1903) were also found in the study. The analyzed material was collected utilizing Malaise traps in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields and is deposited at the Entomological Collection of Santa Cruz do Sul.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective of C. guianensis oil against MMC and CP, which are direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, using the micronucleus test. Three experiments were performed. First the C. guianensis oil was co-administered to mice at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw with 4 mg/kg bw MMC or 50 mg/kg bw CP. Second, the mutagenic drug (CP) was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw and after 6 and 12 hours 250 and 500 mg/kg bw of C. guianensis oil were administered. In the last, C. guianensis oil was administrated (250 and 500 mg/kg bw) during five days and after it was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw CP. The results obtained showed that the C. guianensis oil is not cytotoxic neither genotoxic to mouse bone marrow. Regarding the antimutagenic effect, all doses of C. guianensis oil were significantly (p < 0.05) effective in reducing the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, when compared with MMC or CP alone. Based on these results, our results suggest that the C. guianensis oil shows medicinal potential as an antimutagenic agent, modulating the mutagenicity caused by both direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, in a mammalian model.

RESUMO Neste estudo foram analisadas as propriedades físico-químicas e fotofísicas do óleo essencial de Curcuma longa, bem como seu potencial angiogênico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a curcumina é o principal componente fluorescente, mas está presente em pequena quantidade no óleo essencial. O método experimental da membrana corioalantóide foi empregado para avaliar a atividade angiogênica do óleo e foi observado um aumento significativo na rede vascular nos grupos submetidos ao óleo de Curcuma longa e controle positivo, quando comparado com os grupos controle negativo e inibidor (P <0,05), mas não houve diferenças significativas entre o grupo tratado com óleo de Curcuma longa e o controle positivo (P >0,05). A análise histológica mostrou maior neovascularização, hiperemia e elementos inflamatórios nos grupos controle positivo e Curcuma longa quando comparado aos demais grupos controles (P <0,05), fatores característicos do processo de angiogênese. Em conclusão, o óleo de Curcuma longa mostrou uma considerável atividade pró-angiogênica e pode ser um composto com potencial aplicações médicas.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the physicochemical and photophysical properties of essential oil of Curcuma longa and its angiogenic potential. The results showed that curcumin is the main fluorescent component present in the oil, although the amount is relatively small. The experimental chorioallantoic membrane model was used to evaluate angiogenic activity, showing a significant increase in the vascular network of Curcuma longa and positive control groups when compared to the neutral and inhibitor controls (P <0.05), but no significant difference was found between Curcuma longa essential oil and the positive control (P >0.05). Histological analysis showed extensive neovascularization, hyperemia and inflammation in the positive control group and Curcuma longa when compared to other controls (P <0.05), characteristic factors of the angiogenesis process. In conclusion, Curcuma longa oil showed considerable proangiogenic activity and could be a potential compound in medical applications.

We report on the nonlocal gauge invariant operator of dimension two, FµN (D²)-1 FµN. We are able to localize this operator by introducing a suitable set of (anti)commuting antisymmetric tensor fields. Starting from this, we succeed in constructing a local gauge invariant action containing a mass parameter, and we prove the renormalizability to all orders of perturbation theory of this action in the linear covariant gauges using the algebraic renormalization technique. We point out the existence of a nilpotent BRST symmetry. Despite the additional (anti)commuting tensor fields and coupling constants, we prove that our model in the limit of vanishing mass is equivalent with ordinary massless Yang-Mills theories by making use of an extra symmetry in the massless case. We also present explicit renormalization group functions at two loop order in the ${\overline{\mbox{MS}}}$ scheme.