The identification of pathogens of viral (Rotavirus, Coronavirus), parasitic (Toxocara spp.) and bacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Rhodococcus equi) origin shed in feces, and the virulence profile of R. equi and E. coli isolates were investigated in 200 samples of sand obtained from 40 parks, located in central region of state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, using different diagnostic methods. From 200 samples analyzed, 23 (11.5%) strains of R. equi were isolated. None of the R. equi isolates showed a virulent (vapA gene) or intermediately virulent (vapB gene) profiles. Sixty-three (31.5%) strains of E. coli were identified. The following genes encoding virulence factors were identified in E. coli: eae, bfp, saa, iucD, papGI, sfa and hly. Phylogenetic classification showed that 63 E. coli isolates belonged to groups B1 (52.4%), A (25.4%) and B2 (22.2%). No E. coli serotype O157:H7 was identified. Eggs of Toxocara sp. were found in three parks and genetic material of bovine Coronavirus was identified in one sample of one park. No Salmonella spp. and Rotavirus isolates were identified in the samples of sand. The presence of R. equi, Toxocara sp, bovine Coronavirus and virulent E. coli isolates in the environment of parks indicates that the sanitary conditions of the sand should be improved in order to reduce the risks of fecal transmission of pathogens of zoonotic potential to humans in these places.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da administração subaracnóidea de iohexol sobre a hemodinâmica intracraniana em cães anestesiados com propofol ou sevofluorano. Trinta e dois animais (10,9±2,9kg) foram distribuídos em dois grupos: no GP, o propofol foi usado para indução, 10±0.5mg/kg, seguido por infusão contínua, 0,55±0,15mg/kg/min; no GS, o sevofluorano foi administrado para indução, 2,5 CAM, e manutenção, 1,5 CAM, da anestesia. O cateter de fibra óptica foi implantado na superfície direita do córtex cerebral para monitorar a pressão intracraniana (PIC). Após 30 minutos, o fluido cerebroespinhal (FCS) foi coletado da cisterna magna e o iohexol injetado. As mensurações ocorreram antes da coleta do FCS (TA), depois da injeção de iohexol (T0) e em intervalos de 10 minutos (T10 a T60). A pressão intracraniana diminuiu em T0 no GS. A pressão de perfusão cerebral em T0 foi maior que em TA, T50 e T60 no GP, mas no GS, a média em T0 foi maior que as de T20 a T60. A pressão arterial média em T0 foi maior que em TA no GP, enquanto no GS, de T20 a T60, as médias foram menores que em T0. A frequência cardíaca em T60 foi menor que em T0 no GP. O débito cardíaco em TA foi menor que em T60 no GS. A coleta do fluido cerebroespinhal e a administração do iohexol promoveram a diminuição da pressão intracranina em cães anestesiados com sevofluorano e aumento da pressão de perfusão cerebral em cães anestesiados com propofol.

The effects of subarachnoid administration of iohexol on intracranial hemodynamic in dogs anesthetized with propofol or sevoflurane were evaluated. Thirty adult animals (10.9±2.9kg) were distributed into two groups: PG, where propofol was used for induction (10±0.5mg/kg), followed by a continuous rate infusion at 0.55±0.15mg/kg/hour, and SG, where sevoflurane was administered for induction (2.5 MAC) and for anesthetic maintenance (1.5 MAC). A fiberoptic catheter was implanted on the right superficial cerebral cortex to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP). After 30 minutes, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected at the cisterna magna and iohexol was injected. The measurements were performed before CSF collection (TA), after the iohexol injection (T0), and at 10-minute intervals (T10 to T60). Intracranial pressure decreased at T0 in SG. Cerebral perfusion pressure at T0 was higher than at TA, T50 and T60 in PG, but in SG, the mean value at T0 was higher than the ones from T20 to T60. Mean arterial pressure at T0 was higher than at TA in PG, while in SG, the values from T20 to T60 were lower than at T0. The heart rate at T60 was lower than at T0 in PG. Cardiac output at TA was lower than at T60 in SG. The cerebrospinal fluid collection and administration of iohexol promoted decrease in intracranial pressure in sevolflurane-anesthetized dogs and increase in cerebral perfusion pressure in propofol-anesthetized dogs.

A seven month old female goat showed neck swelling, apathy, appetite and weight loss, restlessness, increased salivation, cough, and regurgitation episodes which occurred post feeding. The animal was evaluated through both clinical and radiographic examinations. Plain radiography was performed and contrasted X-ray was done using barium sulfate. For radiological examination, the lateral projection was used for analysis. The results showed a radiopaque content in the esophageal lumen dorsally positioned to heart with density and appearance similar to the rumen. A dilation of the esophagus was reported and a diagnosis of megaesophagus was made. In conclusion, contrast esophagography must be included in the diagnosis of megaesophagus in goats.

Os objetivos do experimento foram avaliar a eficácia do imazapic+imazapyr sobre a tiririca e a influência desta planta daninha sobre a população de desnitrificadores em solo cultivado com milho. O experimento foi realizado em caixas de 0,70 x 0,30 x 0,30 m, onde foram semeados o milho tolerante às imidazolinonas (C-901CL) e plantados 50 bulbos de tiririca. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por: 1. milho sem tiririca; 2. milho com tiririca; 3. milho com tiririca capinada; 4. milho com tiririca e imazapic+imazapyr (63+21g ha-1 de i.a.) em pós-emergência; e 5. milho com tiririca e imazapic+imazapyr (63+21g ha-1 de i.a.) em pré-emergência. O herbicida foi eficiente em pós-emergência, diminuindo as manifestações epígeas da tiririca em 41% e proporcionando controle visual de 88% aos 21 dias após a aplicação. Os desnitrificadores do solo aumentaram em seis e dez vezes aos 24 e 54 dias após a semeadura do milho, respectivamente, com a presença de tiririca. A aplicação do herbicida em pós-emergência reduziu a população de desnitrificadores para 1,91x10(5) NMP (número mais provável), 89% menor que a testemunha capinada (16,78x10(5) NMP).

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of imazapic+imazapyr in controling purple nutsedge and its effect on the population of denitrifying bacteria in soil cultivated with corn. The trial was set up in 0.70 x 0.30 x 0.30 m boxes where imidazolinone tolerant corn (C901CL) was seeded together with 50 purple nutsedge bulbs. The experimental design was randomized with six replications. The treatments were: 1) corn without nutsedge; 2) corn with nutsedge; 3) corn with cut nutsedge; 4) corn with nutsedge treated with imazapic+imazapyr (63+21 g ha-1 i.a) applied in post-emergence and 5) corn with nutsedge treated with imazapic+imazapyr (63+21 g ha-1 i.a), applied in pre-emergence. The herbicide was efficient when applied in post-emergence, reducing in 41% the setting of aerial parts of the nutsedge with visual control effect of 88%, twenty-one days after spraying. The soil denitrifying bacteria increased six and ten-fold, 24 and 54 days after corn seeding, respectively, in the presence of purple nutsedge. The application in post-emergence reduced the denitrifying population to 1.91x10(5) MPN (most probable number) , 89% less than the non-weeded check (16.78x10(5) MPN).

O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a eficácia da mistura formulada imazapic + imazapyr aplicada em pré e pós-emergência para controle de tiririca em cultivo de milho tolerante a imidazolinonas (híbrido DKB 901 CL), nas condições de campo e casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por duas doses da mistura imazapic + imazapyr e três épocas de aplicação [pré-emergência, pós-emergência inicial (aplicação 15 dias após a emergência da cultura) e pós-emergência normal (aplicação 25 dias após a emergência da cultura)] e a adição ou não de surfatante e/ou atrazine. As avaliações de controle das plantas de tiririca e fitointoxicação foram realizadas aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após as aplicações dos tratamentos a campo. A viabilidade dos tubérculos de tiririca foi avaliada 90 dias após a emergência das plantas de milho em casa de vegetação. O controle da tiririca foi reduzido com a adição de atrazine às misturas. Embora não se conseguisse anular totalmente a brotação dos tubérculos de tiririca, a aplicação da mistura imazapic + imazapyr reduziu a multiplicação e/ou a velocidade de brotação dos tubérculos em 90% quando aplicada em pós-emergência normal, trazendo benefício promissor em se tratando de espécie daninha de difícil controle.

The objective of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of the ready mix imazapic + imazapyr applied in pre and post-emergence to control purple nutsedge in t corn (hybrid DKB 901 CL) tolerant to imidazolinone under field and greenhouse conditions. The trial was set in randomized blocks with ten treatments and four replicates. Two dosages of imazapic + imazapyr were applied in three different times, pre, early post (15 days after emergence) and normal post emergence (25 days after crop emergence) with and without adjuvants and atrazine. The weed control and injury evaluations were made at 15, 30, and 45 days after spraying in the field. The viability of nutsedge bulbs was evaluated 90 days after corn emergence in the greenhouse. Nutsedge control was reduced when atrazine was added to the imidazolinone herbicides. Although it was not possible to extinguish the nutsedge bulb settings , imazapic + imazapyr reduced multiplication and setting velocity, or both, in 90% when applied in normal post emergence, which is of great value considering the difficulty in controlling this species.