RESUMO As informações de distribuição das espécies de aves em diferentes habitats e a estrutura de suas comunidades são cruciais para sua conservação. Nós testamos as diferenças na composição, riqueza e abundância de aves em diferentes fitofisionomias da Serra da Bodoquena, oeste do Brasil, e demonstramos as variações na riqueza e abundância de aves entre diferentes grupos tróficos. As amostragens foram conduzidas entre Julho de 2011 e Junho de 2012 em 200 pontos de escuta distribuídos na área de estudo. Foram obtidos 3350 contatos pertencentes a 156 espécies de aves. Savanas florestadas, florestas estacionais e savanas arborizadas tiveram maior riqueza e abundância de aves, enquanto florestas ripárias, pastos limpos e pastos sujos tiveram menores valores destes parâmetros. A comunidade de aves foi organizada de acordo com o gradiente local de vegetação, com comunidades de florestas, áreas abertas e savanas, embora muitas espécies tenham ocorrido em mais de um tipo de vegetação. As aves insetívoras, onívoras, frugívoras e granívoras compreenderam a maioria da comunidade. Estes dados demonstraram quão importante é a heterogeneidade ambiental para as comunidades de aves. Além disso, a presença de extensas manchas de habitats naturais, a pequena distância entre estas manchas e a permeabilidade das pastagens, com alta cobertura arbórea e arbustiva, são apontadas como importantes fatores para a manutenção da diversidade de aves.

ABSTRACT The informations of bird species distribution in different habitats and the structure of their communities are crucial for bird conservation. We tested the differences in composition, richness and abundance of birds in different phytophysiognomies at Bodoquena Mountains, western Brazil, and we demonstrated the variations in richness and abundance of birds between different trophic groups. Sampling was conducted between July 2011 and June 2012 in 200 point counts arranged in the study area. A total of 3350 contacts were obtained belonging to 156 bird species. Woodland savannas, seasonal forests and arboreal savannas had higher bird abundance and richness, while riparian forests, clean pastures and dirty pastures had smaller values of these parameters. The bird community was organized according to local vegetational gradient, with communities of forests, open areas and savannas, although many species occurred in more than one vegetation type. The insectivorous, omnivorous, frugivorous and gramnivorous birds composed most of the community. These data showed how important environmental heterogeneity is to bird communities. Furthermore, the presence of extensive patches of natural habitats, the small distance between these patches and the permeability of pastures, with high arboreal and shrubby cover, are indicated as important factors to maintain the bird diversity.

Informações sobre a história natural do lagarto Enyalius iheringii Boulenger, 1885 são escassas, assim como para várias espécies de lagartos de florestas tropicais. Neste estudo abordamos vários aspectos da história natural desta espécie endêmica da Mata Atlântica, na região do Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina. Encontramos 20 indivíduos, dos quais 18 foram coletados. A maioria foi encontrada sobre a vegetação (n=17) e o restante sobre o solo (n=3). A camuflagem foi a principal tática defensiva utilizada (n=16), apesar de também observarmos salto (n=1), salto e corrida (n=1) e corrida (n=2). Quando manipulados, apresentaram o comportamento de escancarar a boca, emissão de silvos e eventualmente mordidas, assim como mudança de coloração em machos. Com relação à dieta, as presas mais consumidas foram coleópteros, seguidos por larvas de lepidópteros; em relação à frequência, os itens mais representativos foram coleópteros, seguidos por larvas de lepidópteros e aranhas. Machos e fêmeas não diferiram em relação ao tamanho do corpo. Três fêmeas reprodutivas (100-113 mm CRC) foram encontradas nos meses de dezembro e janeiro.

Studies on the natural history of the lizard Enyalius iheringii Boulenger, 1885, as well as other tropical lizards, are rare. In this study, some aspects of the natural history of this endemic species from the Atlantic forest are reported in areas of Vale do Itajaí, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty individuals were found, of which 18 were collected. Most of them were found over the vegetation (n=17) and on the ground (n=3). The main defensive strategy displayed was camouflage (n=16). Jumping (n=1), jumping and running (n=1) and running (n=2) were also observed in some individuals. When handled, lizards exhibited mouth wide open, hissing, and occasionally biting, as well as color change in males. Regarding its diet, the numerically most important prey was beetles (Coleoptera), followed by Lepidoptera larvae. Beetles, lepidopteran larvae and spiders were the most frequent food items. Males and females did not differ in size. Three sexually mature females (100-113 mm SVL) were found in December and January.

The present study aimed to evaluate the composition of mixed-species bird flocks in a fragmented landscape of the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. We recorded 117 species in 218 mixed-species flocks. The correspondence analysis showed two distinct groups of fragments according to degree of connectivity with other fragments. The percentage of original cover surrounding a sampled fragment area up to a ratio of 2.5 and 1 km was the variable that presented highest correlation with the formation of different composition of mixed-species bird flocks, followed by altitude. Based on these results, we concluded that, in landscapes with low levels of fragmentation, the composition of mixed flocks reflects the local species pool. Thus, future studies comparing composition of mixed-specie flocks should concentrate their efforts in areas where some of these variables remain constant, as for example where fragments are at similar altitudes.