Abstract To explore and analyze the pain characteristics and countermeasures to improve intraoperative pain for patients with temporomandibular joint disorder during treatment of orthodontics. The patients were randomly divided into control group and the observation group. The control group received routine nursing. It is found in the study that the occurrence of pain in orthodontic treatment is accompanied by certain regular changes, and there is little difference between the proportion of masticatory pain and occlusal pain. In the observation group, the total clinical effective rate increased after nursing (P<0.05. The VAS pain score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group 4h and 8h after nursing intervention was implemented, and the duration of pain symptoms was significantly shorter than that of the control group, with significant statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The targeted nursing intervention for patients with temporomandibular joint disorder undergoing orthodontic treatment based on their characteristics will shorten the pain time of patients effectively and improve the treatment effect, maintaining significant application value.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the relationship between atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and CXC chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2). Methods Mouse AAA model was established by embedding angiotensin-II pump (1000 ng/kg/min) in ApoE-/- mice. Mice were received SB225002, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, for treatment. Blood pressure was recorded, and CXCR2+ macrophages were examined by flow cytometry analysis. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to detect cell apoptosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Macrophages were isolated from ApoE-/- mice and treated with Ang II and/or SB225002. Dihydroethidium staining was carried out to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. The corresponding gene expressions were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results We found that Ang II activated the expression of CXCR2 in monocytes during the formation of AAA. Inhibition of CXCR2 significantly reduced the size of AAA, attenuated inflammation and phenotypic changes in blood vessels. Ang II-induced macrophages exhibited elevated ROS activity, and elevated levels of 1β and TNF-α, which were then partly abolished by SB225002. Conclusions CXCR2 plays an important role in AAA, suggesting that inhibiting CXCR2 may be a new treatment for AAA.

Abstract: Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis is a skin-limited amyloidosis that does not involve internal organs. It is clinically subclassified into 3 general categories and some rare variants. However, there is considerable overlap within the classification. Though there are a variety of therapeutic measures, the treatment is often unsatisfactory, particularly when the disease is severe and extensive. We describe a rare case of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis with lichen and poikiloderma-like lesions that showed an excellent response to systemic acitretin.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate an unusual outbreak of tetrodotoxin poisoning in Leizhou, southeast China, a case series analysis was conducted to identify the source of illness. METHODS: A total of 22 individuals experienced symptoms of poisoning, including tongue numbness, dizziness, nausea and limb numbness and weakness. Two toxic species, Amoya caninus and Yongeichthys nebulosus, were morphologically identified from the batches of gobies consumed by the patients. Tetrodotoxin levels in the blood and Goby fish samples were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The tetrodotoxin levels in the remaining cooked Goby fish were determined to be 2090.12 µg/kg. For Amoya caninus, the toxicity levels were 1858.29 µg/kg in the muscle and 1997.19 µg/kg in the viscera and for Yongeichthys nebulosus, they were 2783.00 µg/kg in the muscle and 2966.21 µg/kg in the viscera. CONCLUSION: This outbreak demonstrates an underestimation of the risk of Goby fish poisoning. Furthermore, the relationships among the toxic species, climates and marine algae present should be clarified in the future.

PURPOSE: To construct a new biomaterial-small intestinal submucosa coated with gelatin hydrogel incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor, and to evaluate the new biomaterials for the reconstruction of abdominal wall defects.METHODS: Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the animal experiments and randomly divided into three groups. The new biomaterial was constructed by combining small intestinal submucosa with gelatin hydrogel for basic fibroblast growth factor release. Abdominal wall defects were created in rats, and repaired using the new biomaterials (group B), compared with small intestinal submucosa (group S) and ULTRAPROTM mesh (group P). Six rats in each group were sacrificed at three and eight weeks postoperatively to examine the gross effects, inflammatory responses, collagen deposition and neovascularization.RESULTS: After implantation, mild adhesion was caused in groups B and S. Group B promoted more neovascularization than group S at three weeks after implantation, and induced significantly more amount of collagen deposition and better collagen organization than groups S and P at eight weeks after implantation.CONCLUSION: Small intestinal submucosa coated with gelatin hydrogel incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor could promote better regeneration and remodeling of host tissues for the reconstruction of abdominal wall defects.

Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare, lymphoproliferative disease. It is benign and self-limited, only involves skin and subcutaneous tissue and typically occurs as histiocyte-rich inflammatory infiltrates, manifesting as erythematous to brown papules, plaques, or nodules, without predilection for site. The authors describe a case of cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease in a 72-year-old man who presented erythematous and scaled plaque on the right neck for three months without systemic symptoms. Owing to local involvement, the patient received a surgery to exsect the lesion completely and remained asymptomatic with no signs of recurrence at the 9-month follow up.

After the 1988 measles outbreak, annual notification rates for measles in Hong Kong SAR between 1989 and 1999 were 0.4-4.9 per 100 000, with peaks in 1992, 1994 and 1997. The first half-year incidence rates per 100 000 were 2.3 in 1997, 0.5 in 1995 and 1.2 in 1996. Monthly notification rates increased from a baseline of <10 cases to 59 in May 1997. Serological surveillance showed only 85.5% of children aged 1-19 years had measles antibodies. An epidemic, mainly because of failure of the first dose to produce immunity, seemed imminent in mid-1997. A mass immunization campaign targeted children aged 1-19 from July to November 1997. The overall coverage was 77%. The rate of adverse events was low. After the campaign, measles notification fell to 0.9 per 100 000 in 1998. A two-dose strategy and supplementary campaigns will maintain measles susceptibility at levels low enough to make measles elimination our goal.

Después del brote de sarampión de 1988, las tasas de notificación anuales para el sarampión en la Región Administrativa Especial de Hong Kong fueron de 0,4-4,9 por 100 000 entre 1989 y 1999, con máximos situados en 1992, 1994 y 1997. Las tasas de incidencia por 100 000 para la primera mitad del año fueron de 2,3 en 1997, 0,5 en 1995 y 1,2 en 1996. Las tasas de notificación mensuales aumentaron desde un nivel basal inferior a 10 casos hasta 59 en mayo de 1997. La vigilancia serológica mostró que sólo el 85,5% de los niños de 1-19 años tenían anticuerpos contra el sarampión. A mediados de 1997 parecía inminente una epidemia, debido sobre todo a la ineficacia de la primera dosis como generadora de inmunidad. Entre julio y noviembre de 1997 se llevó a cabo una campaña de inmunización masiva dirigida a los niños de 1 a 19 años. La cobertura general fue del 77%, con una baja tasa de acontecimientos adversos. Después de la campaña, la notificación del sarampión cayó hasta 0,9 por 100 000 en 1998. La combinación de una estrategia de dos dosis y campañas complementarias mantendrán la vulnerabilidad al sarampión a niveles suficientemente bajos para que podamos asumir como objetivo la eliminación de esta enfermedad.

Après la flambée de rougeole de 1988, les taux annuels de notification des cas de rougeole dans la région administrative spéciale de Hong Kong entre 1989 et 1999 ont été de 0,4-4,9 pour 100 000 personnes, avec des pics en 1992, 1994 et 1997. Les taux d'incidence pour le premier semestre étaient de 2,3 en 1997, 0,5 en 1995 et 1,2 en 1996 (pour 100 000 personnes). Les taux mensuels de notification sont passés d'une valeur de base de moins de 10 cas à 59 cas en mai 1997. Les données de la sérosurveillance ont montré que seuls 85,5 % des sujets de 1-19 ans possédaient des anticorps antirougeoleux. Une épidémie, due principalement au défaut de première dose immunisante, semblait imminente à la mi-1997. Une campagne de vaccination de masse axée sur les 1-19 ans a été réalisée de juillet à novembre 1997, avec un taux de couverture global de 77 %. Le taux d'effets indésirables était faible. Après la campagne, l'incidence des cas de rougeole notifiés est tombée à 0,9 pour 100 000 en 1998. Des campagnes supplémentaires et une stratégie comportant l'administration de deux doses permettront de maintenir les taux de sensibilité à la rougeole à un niveau suffisamment bas pour faire de l'élimination de cette maladie notre objectif.