ABSTRACT Aiming at a more sustainable food production, the reuse of effluent from fish farming in hydroponics can be a viable option. Thus, the objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of the use of effluent from fish farming on the development of ‘Folha Larga’ watercress and the possibility of reducing the use of fertilizer in a hydroponic system. The assay was carried out in a greenhouse from October 2021 to February 2022 (two cycles). The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications, with split plots, consisting of two times of recirculation of the solution in the plots (T1 = 15 min operating by 15 min off and T2 = 15 min operating by 30 min off) and five solutions, in the subplots, obtained by mixing different proportions (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) of nutrient solution and effluent from fish farming. The variables analyzed were: plant height, number of leaflets, leaf area, SPAD index, fresh and dry weight of the aerial part and roots. The use of effluent from fish farming reduces the amount of fertilizers for the yield of ‘Folha Larga’ watercress. Nutrient solution recirculation time of 15 minutes is suitable for hydroponic watercress.

RESUMO Visando uma produção de alimentos mais sustentável, a reutilização de efluente da piscicultura na hidroponia pode ser uma opção viável. Assim, objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos do uso de efluente da piscicultura no desenvolvimento do agrião ‘Folha Larga’ e a possibilidade de redução do uso de fertilizantes em sistema hidropônico. A pesquisa foi realizada em casa de vegetação entre outubro de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022 (dois ciclos). Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, com parcelas subdivididas, consistindo em dois tempos de recirculação da solução nas parcelas (T1 = 15 min operando por 15 min desligado e T2 = 15 min operando por 30 min desligado) e cinco soluções, nas subparcelas, obtidas pela mistura em diferentes proporções (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) de solução nutritiva e efluente da piscicultura. As variáveis analisadas foram: altura de plantas, número de folíolos, área foliar, índice SPAD, massa fresca e massa seca da parte aérea e raiz. O uso de efluente da piscicultura reduz a quantidade de fertilizantes para a produção de agrião ‘Folha Larga’. O tempo de recirculação da solução nutritiva de 15 minutos é adequado para o agrião hidropônico.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (GI) on the physicochemical, technological, antioxidant and microbiological characteristics of different whole sorghum flours (WSF), as well as to characterize the profile of chemical constituents by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). The doses applied interfered in the staining characteristics of the evaluated flours, providing the darkening of the same. For the other physicochemical, technological, and antioxidant parameters, no significant influence of the process was observed. The fingerprint obtained in both ionization modes had not been influenced by irradiation, being flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, benzoic acid derivatives, carboxylic acids, and sugars tentatively identified. In microbiological terms, there was a reduction of molds, yeasts, and Bacillus cereus in irradiated WSF compared to control (non-irradiated). Therefore, the application of low doses of gamma irradiation represents an advantageous alternative for the conservation of WSF and maintenance of bioactive compounds identified by the PS-MS technique.

RESUMO No semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro as condições edafoclimáticas podem favorecer riscos de salinização do solo, principalmente quando se utiliza água de má qualidade para irrigação. Nesse contexto, técnicas que possibilitem melhorias nos rendimentos da cultura do melão em condições adversas, como a salinidade, são, portanto, de grande relevância para o setor produtivo. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) na aclimatação do meloeiro submetido a diferentes níveis salinos na água de irrigação. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,3 e 5,0 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de H2O2 (0, 5, 10 e 15 µmol L-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação reduz o crescimento, as trocas gasosas e a produção do meloeiro. No entanto, o H2O2, na concentração de 6,35 µmol L-1 proporcionou melhorias na fisiologia, crescimento e produção, além de reduzir os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino na produção de melão.

ABSTRACT In the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, soil and climate conditions can increase the risk of soil salinization, particularly when poor-quality water is used for irrigation. Therefore, techniques that improve the yields of melon culture under adverse conditions, such as salinity, are of great relevance to the production sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acclimatizing melon trees subjected to irrigation water with different salinity levels. The treatments consisted of irrigation water with two electrical conductivities (0.3 and 5.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of H2O2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 µmol L-1). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates and four plants per plot. Increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced the growth, gas exchange, and production of melon plants. However, H2O2, at a concentration of 6.35 µmol L-1, yielded improvements in physiology, growth, and production, in addition to reducing the deleterious effects of saline stress on melon production.

Multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are the cause of different infections and diseases that have affected humanity for a long time, and have been an emerging global health problem that has led to increased morbidity and mortality. The growing emergence of MDR bacteria has underlined the need for development and discovery of new antibacterial compounds. In this context, a series of new paeonol 1,2,3-triazole and ether derivatives were synthesized using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and nucleophilic substitution. Paeonol has been a natural product widely studied due to its many biological activities, as well as its derivatives. Three ether derivatives (two unpublished) and ten triazole derivatives (six unpublished) of paeonol were obtained, which were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and six of them by X-rays, which is the first study of this type presented for these compounds. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated as antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, obtaining a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) above 100 µg mL-1. The results showed that CuAAC and nucleophilic substitution were very useful to obtain new paeonol triazole and ether derivatives and the products were obtained in yields from 21.3 to 98.5%. The advantages of these reactions (high yield in most compounds, reaction time, low impurities) show that using the method to produce new derivatives is advisable thus assisting in the discovery of new potential bioactive compounds.

METALS IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE SHELF-SLOPE INTERFACE OFF THE POTIGUAR BASIN OFFSHORE OIL EXPLORATION AREA, NE BRAZIL. Marine sediments collected in November 2009 and July 2011 at depths ranging from 150 m to 2,000 m in the Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil, were analyzed for their main sedimentological characteristics (contents of carbon, nitrogen and their stable isotopes) and metals (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) concentrations and their spatial distribution. Sediments were relatively rich in organic matter (C-org: 0.21% to 0.56%) and metals concentrations increased with depth, suggesting an accumulation of fine and terrigenous sediments eroded and transported from the continental shelf to the slope region. Metals concentrations were higher than those observed in coarser shelf sediments, because of sorting of fine-grained sediments. Iron (Fe), Cr and Cu distribution, although presenting this general pattern, also suggests some changes along the transport. Fe and Cr, probably in discrete minerals, are less affected by accumulation in deeper sediments. The high enrichment in Cu, however, suggests additional sources directly to slope sediments, probably by biological productivity and deposition through the water column. The concentrations of all metals are lower or fall close to the lowest range of concentrations reported for slope sediments from other marine regions worldwide and no evidence of anthropogenic contribution was evident.

RESUMO A goiaba é uma fruta amplamente produzida no Nordeste do Brasil, região que possui fontes de água com altos teores de sais, dificultando a expansão da fruticultura irrigada. Assim, é de extrema importância a busca por técnicas que permitam o manejo dessas águas para a agricultura irrigada. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os pigmentos fotossintéticos, o rendimento quântico do fotossistema II, e o extravasamento de eletrólitos celulares no limbo foliar de mudas de goiabeira ‘Paluma’ em função da irrigação com águas de diferentes salinidades e aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico durante a fase de formação de porta-enxerto. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 5 × 5, sendo cinco valores de condutividade elétrica da água - CEa (0,6, 1,5, 2,4, 3,3 e 4,2 dS m-1) e cinco concentrações de ácido salicílico (0, 0,8, 1,6, 2,4 e 3,2 mM L-1), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. O ácido salicílico até a concentração de 1,3 mM L-1 aumentou o teor relativo de água e diminuiu o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar de mudas de goiaba ‘Paluma’. A aplicação foliar do ácido salicílico na concentração de 1,7 mM L-1 amenizou os efeitos do estresse salino sobre a clorofila a das mudas de goiaba irrigadas com água de até 1,6 dS m-1. Os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino sobre o teor de carotenoides e rendimento quântico do fotossistema II não foram atenuados pela aplicação do ácido salicílico.

ABSTRACT Guava is a fruit widely produced in Northeast Brazil, a region that has sources of water with high levels of salts, making it difficult for irrigated fruit production to expand. Thus, it is extremely important to search for techniques that allow the management of these waters in irrigated agriculture. Thus, the objective of present study was to evaluate the photosynthetic pigments, the quantum yield of photosystem II, and the intercellular leakage of electrolytes in the leaf blade of ‘Paluma’ guava seedlings as a function of irrigation with water of different salinities and foliar application of salicylic acid during rootstock formation phase. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using the randomized block design in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement, which consisted of five values of electrical conductivity of water - ECw (0.6, 1.5, 2.4, 3.3, and 4.2 dS m-1) and five concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 mM L-1), with four replicates, and two plants per plot. Salicylic acid up to 1.3 mM L-1 increased the relative water content and decreased electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of ‘Paluma’ guava seedlings. Foliar application of salicylic acid at a concentration of 1.7 mM L-1 attenuated the effects of salt stress on chlorophyll a of guava seedlings irrigated with water of up to 1.6 dS m-1. The deleterious effects of salt stress on carotenoid concentration and quantum efficiency of photosystem II were not attenuated by the application of salicylic acid.

RESUMO Embora a fração de lixiviação (FL) seja utilizada para remover sais da zona radicular em condições de salinidade, quando inadequadamente calculada, pode diminuir a eficiência do uso da água e levar a grandes perdas de nutrientes essenciais. No presente estudo avaliou-se o uso da água, as concentrações de nutrientes foliares em plantas de milho e as perdas de nutrientes em função de duas formas de determinação da FL em plantas de milho cultivadas em colunas de solo sob estresse salino. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com sete repetições. As parcelas foram formadas por duas formas de determinação da FL e as subparcelas por quatro condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 dS m-1). As FL foram determinadas de acordo com 1) a fórmula proposta por Rhoades (RHO) e 2) aplicando uma FL de 0,15 calculado de acordo com o balanço hídrico do solo (SWB). A concentração foliar de N, P, Ca e Mg foi maior nas plantas onde utilizou-se o SWB do que no método de RHO. A concentração foliar de N, P e K diminuiu de acordo com o aumento da salinidade da água, independentemente do método de determinação da FL. A adição de uma FL de 0,15 de acordo com o SWB resultou em diminuição das perdas de nutrientes e maior produtividade física da água, em relação ao RHO. Assim, uma determinação mais precisa da FL aumenta os retornos econômicos da cultura do milho no semiárido quando se utiliza água salina para irrigação.

ABSTRACT Although leaching fraction (LF) is used to remove salts from the root zone under conditions of salinity, if miscalculated, it can decrease water use efficiency and lead to major losses of essential nutrients. This study evaluated the water use efficiency, leaf nutrient concentrations in maize plants, and nutrient losses as a function of two ways of determining the LF in maize crop grown in soil columns under salt stress. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with treatments arranged in split plots, with seven replicates. The plots were formed by two methods of determination of LF, and the subplots by four electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 dS m-1). The leaching fractions were established according to 1) the formula proposed by Rhoades (RHO) and 2) by applying a LF of 0.15 calculated according to the soil water balance (SWB). The leaf concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg were higher in plants under SWB than under RHO method. The leaf concentrations of N, P, and K decreased with increased salinity, regardless of the LF. Adding a LF of 0.15 according to SWB resulted in decreased losses of nutrients and higher physical water productivity, as compared to the RHO. Thus, a more precise determination of the LF is needed to increase economic returns for maize cultivation in semi-arid regions when using brackish water for irrigation.

RESUMO Os hidrogéis favorecem a retenção de umidade no substrato e podem atenuar os efeitos do estresse salino na produção de plantas em vaso. Nesse contexto, buscou-se avaliar o uso do hidrogel para mitigar os danos causados pela salinidade da água de irrigação na emergência, crescimento e índice térmico de mudas de Tagetes patula L. A pesquisa foi realizada em casa-de-vegetação, em setembro de 2020, no município de Fortaleza, estado do Ceará, Brasil. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas corresponderam a sete níveis de condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5, 1,0, 2,0, 3,0, 4,0, 5,0 e 6,0 dS m-1) e as subparcelas corresponderam a quatro concentrações de hidrogel (0, 1,0, 2,0 e 3,0 g L-1), com cinco repetições e cada subparcela foi composta por 27 sementes. A aplicação de 3,0 g de hidrogel L-1 de substrato favoreceu a produção de folhas e reduziu o estresse térmico nas plantas associado ao aumento da salinidade do substrato até 6,0 dS m-1. A utilização de 3,0 g L-1 de hidrogel incrementou a altura das plântulas, massa seca da folha e massa seca total em comparação aos tratamentos sem o polímero retentor de água, mesmo em níveis moderados (2,0 a 3,0 dS m-1) e altos de salinidade (4,0 a 6,0 dS m-1), indicando assim possível efeito mitigador dos danos causados pela salinidade da água de irrigação. Entretanto, a intensidade desse efeito mitigador deminui nos maiores níveis de estresse salino.

ABSTRACT Hydrogels favor moisture retention in the substrate and can attenuate the effects of salt stress on the production of potted plants. In this context, this research sought to evaluate the use of hydrogel to mitigate the damage caused by the salinity of irrigation water on the emergence, growth, and thermal index of Tagetes patula L. seedlings. The research was carried out in a greenhouse, in September 2020, in the municipality of Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil. The design used was randomized blocks in a split plot. The plots corresponded to seven levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECw (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 dS m-1) and the subplots corresponded to four hydrogel concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g L-1), with five replicates and each subplot consisted of 27 seeds. The application of 3.0 g hydrogel L-1 of substrate favored the production of leaves and reduced the thermal index in plants associated with the increase in the salinity of the substrate up to 6.0 dS m-1. The use of 3.0 g L-1 hydrogel increases seedling height, leaf dry mass, and total dry mass compared to treatments without water-retaining polymer, even at moderate (2.0 to 3.0 dS m-1) and high (4.0 to 6.0 dS m-1) salinity levels, thus indicating a possible effect of mitigation of damage caused by the salinity of the irrigation water. However, the intensity of this mitigating effect decreases at higher levels of salt stress.

This study proposed using a portable microscope combined with a smartphone and application (PhotoMetrix® application) to evaluate the authenticity of Brazilian banknotes (R$50 and R$100) and national driver’s licenses (NDL) through image acquisition (Samsung S7) and chemometric treatment (principal component analysis (PCA)). Six regions of the banknote were analyzed: holographic band; lower and upper tactile regions containing the number referring to the value of the note; microprints above the effigy (obverse); and numbers and the surroundings of the animal formed by microprints (reverse). For NDLs, the regions were the following: the coat of arms of the republic; the state map with microprints; optical ink variation; distorted positive microletters with technical failure; negative guilloche; typographic numbering; micro letter wire; and region with line printing. For the chemometric study with Photometrix®, we selected a region of interest (ROI) of 32 × 32 and 64 × 64 pixels with autoscaled data using the channels red (R), green (G), blue (B), hue (H), saturation (S), value (V), lightness (L) and intensity (I). We obtained excellent results for differentiating banknotes and NDLs, both by visual and chemometric analyses (PCA). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using a portable microscope and a smartphone as a portable forensic tool that is fast, robust, low-cost and reliable.

Resumo Fundamento: A análise prognóstica multivariada tem sido realizada tradicionalmente por modelos de regressão. No entanto, muitos algoritmos surgiram, capazes de traduzir uma infinidade de padrões em probabilidades. A acurácia dos modelos de inteligência artificial em comparação à de modelos estatísticos tradicionais não foi estabelecida na área médica. Objetivo: Testar a inteligência artificial como um algoritmo preciso na predição de doença coronariana no cenário de dor torácica aguda, e avaliar se seu desempenho é superior a do modelo estatístico tradicional. Métodos: Foi analisada uma amostra consecutiva de 962 pacientes admitidos com dor torácica. Dois modelos probabilísticos de doença coronariana foram construídos com os primeiros 2/3 dos pacientes: um algoritmo machine learning e um modelo logístico tradicional. O desempenho dessas duas estratégias preditivas foi avaliado no último terço de pacientes. O modelo final de regressão logística foi construído somente com variáveis significativas a um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A amostra de treinamento tinha idade média de 59 ± 15 anos, 58% do sexo masculino, e uma prevalência de doença coronariana de 52%. O modelo logístico foi composto de nove preditores independentes. O algoritmo machine learning foi composto por todos os candidatos a preditores. Na amostra teste, a área sob a curva ROC para predição de doença coronariana foi de 0,81 (IC95% = 0,77 – 0,86) para o algoritmo machine learning, similar à obtida no modelo logístico (0,82; IC95% = 0,77 – 0,87), p = 0,68. Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere que um modelo machine learning acurado não garante superioridade à um modelo estatístico tradicional

Abstract Background: Multivariate prognostic analysis has been traditionally performed by regression models. However, many algorithms capable of translating an infinity of patterns into probabilities have emerged. The comparative accuracy of artificial intelligence and traditional statistical models has not been established in the medical field. Objective: To test the artificial intelligence as an accurate algorithm for predicting coronary disease in the scenario of acute chest pain and evaluate whether its performance is superior to traditional statistical model. Methods: A consecutive sample of 962 patients admitted with chest pain was analyzed. Two probabilistic models of coronary disease were built using the first two-thirds of patients: a machine learning algorithm and a traditional logistic model. The performance of these two predictive strategies were evaluated in the remaining third of patients. The final logistic regression model had significant variables only, at the 5% significance level. Results: The training sample had an average age of 59 ± 15 years, 58% males, and a 52% prevalence of coronary disease. The logistic model was composed of nine independent predictors. The machine learning algorithm was composed of all candidates for predictors. In the test sample, the area under the ROC curve for prediction of coronary disease was 0.81 (95% CI = 0.77 - 0.86) for the machine learning algorithm, similar to that obtained in logistic model (0.82; 95% CI = 0.77 - 0.87), p = 0.68. Conclusion: The present study suggests that an accurate machine learning prediction tool did not prove to be superior to the statistical model of logistic regression.

The incorporation of Cerrado fruits in food products such as ice cream has many advantages because it represents a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Given the demand for less laborious methods to analyze food, the paper spray ionization mass spectrometry technique was applied for the first time for a rapid characterization of the chemical components found cagaita ice cream. PS-MS in positive and negative ionization modes were used. The profile of volatile compounds was determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fingerprints obtained through PS-MS identified various classes of compounds, such as flavones, anthocyanins, sugars, organic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, fatty acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignin, and phenylpropanoid. The use of both fibers enabled the extraction and identification of 18 volatile compounds in cagaita, and 16 of them were also identified in cagaita ice cream. The most common volatile compound found in both cagaita and ice cream was 3-carene monoterpene. Considering the effect of processing on cagaita constituents, 89% of the volatile compounds remained in the ice cream. Also, 78% of the fruit chemical compounds analyzed by PS-MS were found in the product. Thus, the results indicate that most of the fruit compounds remained in the ice cream after processing.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the castor bean cultivar “BRS 188 Paraguaçu” to available soil water for plants and soil organic matter content based on their effects on fruit yield and seed oil content. A 2 × 4 factorial experiment was conducted from October 2008 to March 2009 under field conditions using randomized complete block design; two soil organic matter contents (5.0 and 25.0 g·kg−1) and four available soil water levels for plants at the irrigation time (70, 80, 90, and 100% of the total available soil water) with three replicates were tested. On each experimental unit measuring 100 m2, 50 plants were cultivated with a spacing of 2 m × 1 m (24 useful and 26 border plants). Analysis of variance (F test) was performed; qualitative factors (soil organic matter) were compared by Tukey's test and quantitative factors (available soil water) by regression analysis. Increased soil organic matter and available soil water for plants substantially increased productivity; however, seed oil content, mean 100-seed mass, mean 100-fruit mass, and seed:fruit ratio were affected by available soil water content alone. Therefore, the tested cultivar is sensitive to reduced available soil water content, which severely decreases its productivity.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e diagnosticar alterações do sistema reprodutor de ovelhas abatidas em abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia. A pesquisa foi realizada em abatedouros frigoríficos do estado da Bahia com Serviços de Inspeção Federal e Estadual no abate de ovinos. No período de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019 foram realizadas visitas e acompanhamento do abate de 1.072 ovelhas. Os animais eram provenientes de 22 municípios do estado da Bahia, com idade entre 6 a 18 meses. Durante o abate, na evisceração foram seccionados os sistemas reprodutores das ovelhas para avaliação e coleta das lesões. Adicionalmente foram obtidos inquéritos epidemiológicos relacionados à procedência, idade e raça. Para o exame bacteriológico, as coletas foram realizadas com lâminas de bisturi estéreis e swabs em tubos estéreis com meio Stuart e refrigeradas em caixa térmica. Para análise histopatológica, os fragmentos foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados de forma rotineira para histologia e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Entre 1.072 sistemas genitais avaliados, identificou-se 211 alterações. Os órgãos do sistema reprodutor mais acometidos foram os ovários (65,3%), útero (29,4%) e tubas uterinas (5,3%). Nos ovários, a lesão mais frequente foi o cisto folicular (34,1%); no útero a endometrite (9%) e nas tubas uterinas, os cistos representaram (3,3%). Outras lesões identificadas nos ovários foram: cisto luteinizado (2,3%); tumor de células da granulosa (0,5%); adenoma (0,5%); agenesia unilateral (0,5%), além de outras alterações de pouco significado clínico, como cistos paraovarianos (15,6%) e corpo lúteo cístico (11,8%). Nas tubas uterinas observou-se, além dos cistos tubo-ovarianos (3,3%), hidrossalpinge (1%), adenoma (0,5%) e agenesia (0,5%). As lesões uterinas foram endometrite (9%), hidrometra (2,3%); hiperplasia endometrial cística, abscesso e piometra (1,4% cada); adenomiose, petéquias na serosa do útero e aplasia segmentar (1% cada); dois úteros gravídicos, em início de gestação, apresentaram piometra (0,9%), porém os fetos não apresentaram alterações; e pólipo uterino (0,5%). Observou-se uma gestação ectópica com maceração fetal (0,5%); a vaginite ocorreu em 0,5%, e melanose endometrial em 8,5%. Destaca-se a elevada incidência de cistos foliculares e endometrite que são doenças que reduzem a eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos, provocando infertilidade e perdas econômicas na produção.

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate and diagnose pathologies of the reproductive system of slaughtered sheep in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia since there are few data on the subject as well as it is important to note the diagnosis of these diseases to apply appropriate control and prophylaxis measures. The research was carried out in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia according to the “Serviço de Inspeção Federal” and “Serviço de Inspeção Estadual” for sheep slaughter. From July 2018 to February 2019, visits and monitoring of 1,072 slaughtered sheep were carried out. The animals came from 22 municipalities in the state of Bahia, aged from six to 18 months. During slaughter, the sheep reproductive systems were sectioned for evisceration and lesion collection. Additionally, epidemiological surveys related to origin, age, and race were obtained. For bacteriological examination, collections were performed with sterile scalpel slides and swabs in Stuart medium sterile tubes and refrigerated in a thermal box. For histopathological analysis, fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and routinely processed for histology, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). A study of the sheep’s main pathological changes in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia was carried out, in which 1.072 genital systems were evaluated, and 211 alterations were identified. The most affected reproductive organs were the ovaries (65.3%), followed by the uterus (29.4%) and uterine tubes (5.3%). In the ovaries, the most frequent lesion was a follicular cyst (34.1%); in the fallopian tubes, the cysts represented 3.3% of the lesions, and in the womb, endometritis was observed in 9% of the animals. Other pathologies identified in the ovaries were: luteinized cyst (2.3%); cystic granulosa cell tumor (0.5%); benign lesion (0.5%); agenesis unilateral (0.5%), in addition to other changes of little clinical significance, such as corpus luteum cysts (11.8%) and paraovarian cysts (15.6%). In the fallopian tubes, hydrosalpinx was observed (1%), as well as adenoma (0.5%), agenesis (0.5%), and cysts (3.3%). Uterine lesions included hydrometra (2.3%); Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH), abscess, and pyometra (1.4% each); adenomyosis, womb sera petechiae, and total segmental aplasia (1% each); two pregnant uterus, in early pregnancy, presented pyometra (0.9%), however, no change was observed in the fetuses; and uterine polyp (0.5%). Ectopic pregnancy with fetal maceration (0.5%) was observed; vaginitis occurred in 0.5% of the animals, and endometrial melanosis in 8.5%. The high incidence of follicular cysts and endometritis are characterized as diseases that reduce the reproductive efficiency in herds, causing infertility and economic losses in production.

Resumo Fundamento Eventos isquêmicos recorrentes decorrem de instabilidade de placa aterosclerótica, enquanto morte após um evento isquêmico decorre da gravidade do insulto. A natureza diversa desses tipos de eventos pode fazer com que dados clínicos e anatômicos tenham diferentes capacidades prognósticas a depender do tipo de desfecho. Objetivo Identificar as predileções prognósticas de dados clínicos e dados anatômicos em relação a desfechos coronários fatais e não fatais durante hospitalização de pacientes com síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA). Métodos Pacientes consecutivamente admitidos por SCA que realizaram coronariografia foram recrutados. O escore SYNTAX foi utilizado como modelo anatômico e o escore GRACE como modelo clínico. A capacidade preditora desses escores foi comparada quando à predição de desfechos isquêmicos não fatais (infarto ou angina refratária) e de morte cardiovascular durante hospitalização. Significância estatística foi definida por p < 0,05. Resultados Entre 365 indivíduos, 4,4% foi a incidência de óbito hospitalar e 11% de desfechos isquêmicos não fatais. Para morte cardiovascular, ambos os escores — SYNTAX e GRACE — apresentaram capacidade discriminatória, com estatísticas-C similares: 0,80 (95%IC: 0,70–0,92) e 0,89 (95%IC 0,81–0,96), respectivamente — p=0,19. Quantos aos desfechos isquêmicos não fatais, o escore SYNTAX apresentou valor preditor (estatística-C = 0,64; 95%IC 0,55–0,73), porém o escore GRACE não mostrou associação com esse tipo de desfecho (estatística-C = 0,50; 95%IC: 0,40–0,61) — p=0,027. Conclusão Os modelos clínico e anatômico predizem satisfatoriamente morte cardiovascular em SCA, enquanto a recorrência de instabilidade coronária é melhor prevista por características anatômicas do que por dados clínicos. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):219-225)

Abstract Background Recurrent ischemic events are mediated by atherosclerotic plaque instability, whereas death after an ischemic event results from gravity of insult and ability of the organism to adapt. The distinct nature of those types of events may respond for different prediction properties of clinical and anatomical information regarding type of outcome. Objective To identify prognostic properties of clinical and anatomical data in respect of fatal and non-fatal outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods Patients consecutively admitted with ACS who underwent coronary angiography were recruited. The SYNTAX score was utilized as an anatomic model and the GRACE score as a clinical model. The predictive capacity of those scores was separately evaluated for prediction of non-fatal ischemic outcomes (infarction and refractory angina) and cardiovascular death during hospitalization. It was considered as significant a p-value <0,05. Results EAmong 365 people, cardiovascular death was observed in 4,4% and incidence of non-fatal ischemic outcomes in 11%. For cardiovascular death, SYNTAX and GRACE score presented similar C-statistic of 0,80 (95% IC: 0,70 – 0,92) and 0,89 (95% IC 0,81 – 0,96), respectively – p = 0,19. As for non-fatal ischemic outcomes, the SYNTAX score presented a moderate predictive value (C-statistic = 0,64; 95%IC 0,55 – 0,73), whereas the GRACE score did not presented association with this type of outcome (C-statistic = 0,50; 95%IC 0,40-0,61) – p = 0,027. Conclusion Clinical and anatomic models similarly predict cardiovascular death in ACS. However, recurrence of coronary instability is better predicted by anatomic variables than clinical data. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)