We present a new formalism for the theory of relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics, where covariance and causality are satisfied by introducing the memory effect in irreversible currents. Our theory has a much simpler structure and thus has several advantages for practical purposes compared to the Israel-Stewart theory (IS). We apply our formalism to the Bjorken model and the results are shown to be analogous to the IS.

We discuss the minimal structure of relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics which satisfies the covariance and causality by introducing the memory effect in irreversible currents.

We present a new formalism for the relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics consistent with causality. We start from the physical analysis of the irreversible currents according to the Landau-Lifshitz theory. Then, the irreversible currents are given by integral expressions which take into account the relaxation time. Only one additional parameter was introduced, the relaxation time, tauR. We verified that the linearized equation of motion for small perturbations in the homogeneous, static background coincides with Hiscock-Lindblom.

In this work we present a study of the influence of nucleus initializations on the event-by-event elliptic flow coefficient, v2. In most Monte-Carlo models, the initial positions of the nucleons in a nucleus are completely uncorrelated, which can lead to very high density regions. In a simple, yet more realistic model where overlapping of the nucleons is avoided, fluctuations in the initial conditions are reduced. However, v2 distributions are not very sensitive to the initialization choice.

Some consequences of the presence of critical point in the equation of state on the hydrodynamical evolution of the strongly interacting matter are discussed. For this purpose, we apply the low energy effective theory of QCD, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and show some examples.

In this article we write a biographical note about Yogiro Hama. It is quite an amazing life story, as you will read in the pages below. In the second part of this article we include many messages and letters sent by several of his friends and collaborators for the celebration of his 70th birthday.

Elliptic flow at RHIC is computed event by event with NeXSPheRIO. Reasonable agreement with experimental data on v2(eta) and v2(pt) is obtained. Various effects are studied as well: equation of state (with or without critical point), emission mechanism (Cooper-Frye prescription or continuous emission), type of the initial conditions (average or fluctuating initial conditions).

A survey is given on the applications of hydrodynamic model of nucleus-nucleus collisons, focusing especially on i) the resolution of hydrodynamic equations for arbitrary configurations, by using the smoothed-particle hydrodynamic approach; ii) effects of the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions on the observables; iii) decoupling criteria; iv) analytical solutions; and others.

We study, in a hydrodynamical approach, the energy dependence of the kaon mT spectra in central Pb+Pb (Au+Au) collisions. We show that the experimental data of the inverse slope parameter can be reproduced with a reasonable choice of both energy-dependent freeze-out temperature and initial conditions.

Using the hydrodynamical code NeXSPheRIO, we compare predictions as usually done in hydrodynamics, using centrality windows defined through the impact parameter, and as obtainable experimentally, using windows in participant number.

We investigate the onset of spinodal decomposition in a relativistic fluid of quarks coupled to a nonequilibrium chiral condensate. Studying small fluctuations around equilibrium, we identify the role played by sound and chiral waves in the generation of unstable modes.

We have already shown the presence of guanidine neurotoxins in calcareous red algae and mussels collected in the São Sebastião channel (State of São Paulo, Brazil). It is known that these neurotoxins comprise more than 25 analogues such as tetrodotoxin (TTX) and derivatives plus the paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) found in a variety of marine, freshwater and amphibious species. Filter feeding animals generally possess large amounts of these neurotoxins. The tunicates are sessil marine animals with a high rate of sea water filtration. The tunics and siphons of 50 specimens of Phallusia nigra were dissected and the visceral organs were immersed in methanol containing acetic acid 0.02 N pH 5.0. The extract was prepared by homogenization, filtration and the methanolic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure and defatted with chloroform. The polar phase was evaporated and the residue dissolved in deionized water for further purification in ionic-exchange resin column (Bio-Gel P-2) and HPLC analysis. The extract showed paralytic effects on mouse assay (26.9 MU/100mg) and on crustacean isolated nerve preparations. The chemical analysis for TTX and PST revealed toxins with retention times similar to gonyautoxins, saxitoxins and TTX. These findings are important to explain future toxin envenoming outbreaks on the Brazilian coast.