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Abstract Background Despite representing the largest fraction of animal life, the number of insect species whose genome has been sequenced is barely in the hundreds. The order Dermaptera (the earwigs) suffers from a lack of genomic information despite its unique position as one of the basally derived insect groups and its importance in agroecosystems. As part of a national educational and outreach program in genomics, a plan was formulated to engage the participation of high school students in a genome sequencing project. Students from twelve schools across Chile were instructed to capture earwig specimens in their geographical area, to identify them and to provide material for genome sequencing to be carried out by themselves in their schools. Results The school students collected specimens from two cosmopolitan earwig species: Euborellia annulipes (Fam. Anisolabididae) and Forficula auricularia (Fam. Forficulidae). Genomic DNA was extracted and, with the help of scientific teams that traveled to the schools, was sequenced using nanopore sequencers. The sequence data obtained for both species was assembled and annotated. We obtained genome sizes of 1.18 Gb (F. auricularia) and 0.94 Gb (E. annulipes) with the number of predicted protein coding genes being 31,800 and 40,000, respectively. Our analysis showed that we were able to capture a high percentage (≥ 93%) of conserved proteins indicating genomes that are useful for comparative and functional analysis. We were also able to characterize structural elements such as repetitive sequences and non-coding RNA genes. Finally, functional categories of genes that are overrepresented in each species suggest important differences in the process underlying the formation of germ cells, and modes of reproduction between them, features that are one of the distinguishing biological properties that characterize these two distant families of Dermaptera. Conclusions This work represents an unprecedented instance where the scientific and lay community have come together to collaborate in a genome sequencing project. The versatility and accessibility of nanopore sequencers was key to the success of the initiative. We were able to obtain full genome sequences of two important and widely distributed species of insects which had not been analyzed at this level previously. The data made available by the project should illuminate future studies on the Dermaptera.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-023-00414-9

Susceptibility to first choice antimicrobial treatment for urinary tract infections to Escherichia coli isolates from women urine samples in community South Brazil
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Tano, Zuleica Naomi

; Kobayashi, Renata K.

; Candido, Evelyn Poliana

; Dias, Juliana Buck

; Perugini, Luis Felipe

; Vespero, Eliana Carolina

; Pavanelli, Wander Rogerio

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2022, Volume 26 N. 3 elocation 102366

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT E. coli is the main pathogen of UTI. It is important to be aware the local epidemiological data for an appropriate initial treatment. Resistance to antimicrobial agents has increased, especially to first-choice antibiotics in the treatment of cystitis. There are few studies on the sensivity profile of community uropathogen in our region. Objective: To characterize antimicrobials the sensitivity profile to E. coli isolated from urocultures of women treated at Basic Health Units and Emergency Care Units of Londrina-Paraná- Brazil during a period of 12 months (June 1, 2016 to June 1, 2017). Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2016 to June 2017. All urine samples collected in the Basic Health Units and Emergency Departments in the city of Londrina (Paraná State, Brazil) were sent to a Central Laboratory where the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints were used for the interpretation of susceptibility testing results. Results: 56,555 urine cultures were performed in the period, of which 8,832 were positive, of which 5,377 were women. Of these samples, 4.7% were enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and 15.5% resistant to quinolones. TMP- SMX was resistant in more than 30% of the samples in all age groups. Among quinolone-resistant isolates, resistance to cephalothin, ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was greater than 60%. Nitrofurantoin was the only antimicrobial that showed 90% of sensitivity. Conclusion: The antimicrobials sensitivity profile was similar to that reported in the literature, with TMP- SMX resistance greater than 30% in the studied samples. Nitrofurantoin maintains high sensitivity rates greater than 90%. Resistance to quinolones increases proportionally with age, as well ESBL.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102366

Escherichia coli extraintestinal, resistencia antimicrobiana y producción de betalactamasas en aislados cubanos
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Quiñones Pérez, Dianelys

; Betancourt González, Yulaisky

; Carmona Cartaya, Yenisel

; Pereda Novales, Niurka

; Álvarez Valdivia, Susell

; Soe aung, Meiji

; Kobayashi, Nobumichi

Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical

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dec 2020, Volume 72 N. 3 elocation e605

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Extraintestinal Escherichia coli is one of the main pathogens causing infections associated to health care, with a high impact on health, due to its morbidity and mortality. Objective: Describe the clinical behavior of extraintestinal E. coli in Cuban hospitals, and determine antimicrobial resistance and betalactamase production. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Microbiology National Reference Laboratory of Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute from May 2017 to June 2018. The study included 119 Escherichia coli isolates causing extraintestinal infections in 30 hospitals from various geographic areas in the country. Identification was based on the API 20E system, and determination of in vitro susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials on the automated system VITEK-2 and the disk diffusion method, except for colistin, for which the disk elution method was used. Phenotypical detection was also performed of AmpC extended-spectrum betalactamase and metallobetalactamase. Results: The most common disorders caused by extraintestinal E. coli were surgical wound infection (23.5%), bloodstream infection (20.7%), respiratory infections (17.6%), skin infections (16.8%) and urinary tract infection (12.6%). A predominance was found of resistance to betalactams, which ranged between 61.3% y 89.1%, whereas 79.8% and 80.5% of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline, respectively. Amikacin, fosfomycin, colistin and carbapenemics displayed greater in vitro activity. 43.7% produced extended spectrum betalactamases, 7.6% plasmid AmpC and 0.8% metallobetalactamase. Conclusions: The low sensitivity of extraintestinal E. coli isolates to first-line antimicrobials and the detection of a metallobetalactamase producing isolate are evidence of the need to maintain continuous surveillance of this pathogen, for which the treatment options are ever more restricted.

RESUMEN Introducción: Escherichia coli extraintestinal constituye uno de los principales patógenos causantes de infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria con un alto impacto en la salud por su morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento clínico de E. coli extraintestinal en hospitales cubanos, así como determinar la resistencia antimicrobiana y la producción de betalactamasas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, durante el período de mayo 2017 a junio 2018, en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Microbiología del Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Pedro Kourí" que incluyó 119 aislados de Escherichia coli causantes de infecciones extraintestinales en 30 hospitales de diferentes áreas geográficas del país. Se llevó a cabo la identificación mediante el sistema API 20E y la determinación de la susceptibilidad in vitro a 16 antimicrobianos por el sistema automatizado VITEK-2 y el método de difusión por disco, excepto para la colistina que se empleó el método de elución de disco. Se realizó, además, la detección fenotípica de betalactamasa de espectro extendido, de tipo AmpC y metalobetalactamasa. Resultados: E. coli extraintestinal causó con mayor frecuencia infección de herida quirúrgica (23,5 %), infección del torrente sanguíneo (20,7 %), infecciones respiratorias (17,6 %), infecciones de piel (16,8 %) e infección del tracto urinario (12,6 %). Predominó la resistencia a betalactámicos que osciló entre 61,3 % y 89,1 %, mientras que 79,8 % y 80,5 % de los aislados fueron resistentes a trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol y tetraciclina, respectivamente. La amikacina, la fosfomicina, la colistina y los carbapenémicos mostraron mayor actividad in vitro. El 43,7 % produjo betalactamasas de espectro extendido, 7,6 % AmpC plasmídica y 0,8 % metalobetalactamasa. Conclusiones: La escasa sensibilidad en los aislados de E. coli extraintestinal a los antimicrobianos de primera línea, así como la detección de un aislado productor de metalobetalactamasa evidencia la necesidad de mantener un monitoreo continuo de este patógeno para el cual las alternativas de tratamiento son cada vez más restringidas.

Antimicrobial resistance, diarrheagenic and avian pathogenic virulence genes in Escherichia coli from poultry feed and the ingredients
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Rossato, J.M.

; Brito, B.G.

; Kobayashi, R.K.T.

; Koga, V.L.

; Sarmiento, J.J.P.

; Nakazato, G.

; Lopes, L.F.D.

; Balsan, L.A.G.

; Grassotti, T.T.

; Brito, K.C.T.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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dec 2019, Volume 71 N. 6 Pages 1968 - 1976

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Escherichia coli diarreiogênicas (DEC) e patogênicas para aves (APEC) são associadas a infecções intestinais e extraintestinais (ExPEC), respectivamente. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade antimicrobiana, a presença de genes que codificam os fatores de virulência relacionados à DEC e APEC, e a classificação filogenética em E. coli isoladas de 320 amostras de ração para frangos e ingredientes. A sensibilidade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método disco-difusão e calculou-se o índice de resistência múltipla aos antimicrobianos (IRMA) e a resistência a múltiplas drogas (MDR). Nas amostras que possuíam genes de virulência relacionados à DEC e/ou APEC, foi realizada a classificação filogenética. Foram isoladas 110 amostras de E. coli em 15% (49/320) dos insumos avaliados (n=13 farelos vegetais; n=33 farinhas de origem animal; n=3 rações). De forma geral, os isolados apresentaram as maiores frequências de resistência antimicrobiana à sulfonamida e à cefazolina e 18% (20/110) foram resistentes a múltiplas drogas. O IRMA das rações foi o mais alto (0,467). Os genes que codificam fatores de virulência associados à APEC e DEC foram detectados em seis e cinco isolados, respectivamente, pertencentes aos grupos filogenéticos A e B1. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de rigoroso controle microbiológico durante o processo de produção desses alimentos.

ABSTRACT Diarrheagenic (DEC) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal infections (ExPEC), respectively. We aimed to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility, gene encoding virulence factors associated to DEC and APEC, and phylogenetic classification in E. coli isolated from 320 samples of feed and ingredients. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index and Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) were calculated. Phylogenetic classification was performed on samples harboring DEC and/or APEC virulence-associated genes. A total of 110 E. coli strains were isolated in 15% (49/320) of the evaluated inputs (n=13 vegetable meal; n=33 animal meal, n=3 feed). In general, the isolates showed the highest rates of antimicrobial resistance to sulfonamide and cefazolin and 18% (20/110) were multi-drug resistant. MAR index of feed samples was the highest (0.467). Six and five strains had APEC and DEC virulence-associated genes, respectively, and belonging to phylogenetic groups A and B1. These findings point to the need for strict microbiological control during the production process of these foods.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10355 1108 downloads

Association between decreased expression of estrogen receptor alpha, androgen receptor and phosphatase and tensin homolog immunoexpression in the canine prostate
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Kobayashi, Priscila E.

; Rodrigues, Marcela M.P.

; Gartner, Fatima

; Rema, Alexandra

; Fonseca-Alves, Carlos E.

; Laufer-Amorim, Renée

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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jan 2019, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 40 - 46

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A glândula prostática canina é um órgão dependente de hormônio, e o desequilíbrio na expressão dos receptores de estrógeno e andrógeno estão diretamente associados com o desenvolvimento de diferentes doenças. Devido à falta de informação sobre o comportamento desses receptores no câncer prostático canino (PC), este estudo tem por objetivo identificar a expressão proteica através da técnica de imuno-histoquímica do receptor de estrógeno alfa (REα), receptor de andrógeno (RA), Ki67 e fosfatase e tensina homóloga (PTEN). Foi encontrado nas células epiteliais prostáticas normais caninas a expressão nuclear de REα e RA, e perda de expressão proteica nas amostras de PC. As amostras normais apresentaram expressão de Ki67 em poucas células basais e as amostras de PC apresentaram a maior média de células positivas (253,1). O câncer de próstata canino apresentou uma taxa alta de proliferação, o qual foi associado com a atuação independente de hormônio. As amostras de próstatas caninas normais revelaram marcação nuclear e citoplasmática da proteína PTEN e perda nas amostras de PC. A perda de REα, RA e PTEN indicam que as amostras de PC exibem o mesmo fenótipo imuno-histoquímico de pacientes humanos com câncer prostático resistente a terapia hormonal. Sendo assim, o PC canino deve ser considerado um modelo para estudos de câncer prostático humano resistente a terapia hormonal.

ABSTRACT: Canine prostate gland is a hormonal dependent organ and its imbalance of estrogen and androgen receptor expressions are directly associated with the development of different diseases. Due to the lack of information regarding the behavior of the aforementioned receptors in canine prostate cancer (PC), this study aimed to identify estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), androgen receptor (AR), Ki67 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein expressions in canine PC by immunohistochemistry. We found nuclear expression of ERα and AR in the epithelial cells of normal canine samples and a loss of protein expression in PC samples. Normal samples showed Ki67 expression in a few basal cells and the PC samples showed the highest mean of positive cells (253.1). Canine prostate cancer showed a high proliferative index, which was associated with independence of hormonal actuation. PTEN showed positive nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in normal canine samples and a loss in PC. Loss of ERα, AR and PTEN indicated that canine PC exhibits the same immunohistochemical phenotype as in human patients with PC resistant to hormonal therapy. Therefore, canine PC should be considered as a model to study human PC resistant to hormonal therapy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5699 857 downloads

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Strains of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Avian Cellulitis Lesions
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Kanabata, B

; Menck-Costa, MF

; Souza, M

; Justino, L

; Rangel, IG

; Kobayashi, RKT

; Nakazato, G

; Baptista, AAS

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2019, Volume 21 N. 3 elocation eRBCA-2019-0981

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Avian cellulitis causes significant losses to the poultry industry. Avian-pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the etiological agent of that disease. This microorganism has zoonotic potential and may act as reservoir of antimicrobial-resistance genes. In this context, the production of extended-spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) is one of the main antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine the production of ESBL in an Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain isolated from avian cellulitis lesions. Twenty-two E. Coli isolates were harvested from cellulitis lesions in chicken carcasses in a commercial processing plant. Isolates were then submitted to virulence genotypic profile (iutA, hlyF, iss, ironN, ompT) analysis, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and detection of ESBL production. The results showed that 22.7% of the isolates presented five virulence genes, 9.1% four genes, 36.4% three genes, 13.6% two genes, and 18.2% one gene. The tested isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (90.9%), ceftiofur (54.5%), gentamicin (45.5%), tetracycline (72.1%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (54.5%), and enrofloxacin (54.5%). Furthermore, 77.3% of the isolates presented multidrug resistance (MDR) profile and 72.7% were positive for ESBL production. This study is the first description of ESBL-producing APEC isolated from avian cellulitis lesions, which suggests the need to establish efficient APEC control measures and programs to prevent flock productivity losses due to colibacillosis and public health risks.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2019-0981 633 downloads

Caracterização de estirpes de Campylobacter coli isoladas de carcaças de ovinos e de efluentes de abatedouro do estado de São Paulo
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Fredrigo, R.C.

; Carvalho, A.F.

; Nassar, A.F.C.

; Kobayashi, P.F.

; Costa, A.M.

; Miyashiro, S.

; Scarcelli, E.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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feb 2016, Volume 68 N. 1 Pages 29 - 38

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Doença bacteriana zoonótica, a campilobacteriose é responsável mundialmente por frequentes casos de gastroenterite humana. Campylobacter spp. apresenta fator de virulência associado à diarreia, denominado toxina citoletal distensiva (CDT), sendo codificado pelos genes do complexo cdt. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) isolar e identificar estirpes de Campylobacter spp. de 102 suabes de carcaças e 102 suabes retais de ovinos (Ovis aries) e de sete amostras de água dos efluentes, antes e depois do tratamento de desinfecção de abatedouro localizado no estado de São Paulo; e 2) detectar, pela técnica de multiplex-PCR, a presença do complexo de genes cdt. Foram isoladas e identificadas, por métodos fenotípicos e genotípicos, sete estirpes de Campylobacter coli provenientes de 4/102 (3,92%) das amostras de suabes retais, 1/102 (0,98%) de suabes de carcaças e 2/7 (28,5%) das águas dos efluentes. Dos isolados de suabes retais, em 2/7 (28,6%) estirpes foi detectada a presença dos genes cdt. Trata-se do primeiro relato de isolamento de estirpes de Campylobacter coli provenientes de abatedouro de ovinos e das estirpes portadoras do complexo de genes cdt nessa espécie animal no Brasil.

A zoonosis and bacterial disease, campylobacteriosis is responsible for frequent cases of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Campylobacter spp. presents the virulence factor called cytolethal distensive toxine (CDT), responsible for diarrhea and codified by the cdt gene. The aims of this study were: 1) to isolate and identify Campylobacter spp. strains from 102 carcass swabs and 102 rectal swabs of sheep (Ovis aries) and seven samples of wastewater, before and after the disinfection treatment, collected from the abattoir of the state of São Paulo; and 2) to detect the presence of cdt gene complex by Multiplex-PCR in strains of Campylobacter spp. Seven strains of Campylobacter coli were isolated and identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods: 4/102 (3.92%) from rectal swabs, 1/102 (0.98%) from carcass swabs and 2/7 (28.5%) from wastewater. From the rectal swab samples 2/7 (28.6%) strains were detected with the cdt gene. This is the first report on the isolation of Campylobacter coli from sheep abattoir, and of strains carrying the cdt gene complex in this animal species in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8303 2634 downloads

Efeito de dietas contendo plasma sanguíneo desidratado sobre características microbiológicas, imunológicas e histológicas de leitões leves ao desmame
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Dalto, D.B.

; Gavioli, D.F.

; Oliveira, E.R.

; Silva, R.A.M.

; Tarsitano, M.A.

; Altmann, Á.H.S.

; Braz, D.B.

; Kobayashi, R.K.T.

; Venâncio, E.J.

; Bridi, A.M.

; Bracarense, A.P.F.R.L.

; Silva, C.A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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feb 2013, Volume 65 N. 1 Pages 189 - 197

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Foram avaliados os efeitos do plasma sanguíneo desidratado (PSD) sobre desempenho, perfil imunológico, histológico, microbiológico e peso de órgãos de leitões leves, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 24 leitões, com idade média inicial de 21 dias, em delineamento experimental completamente ao acaso. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - animais pesados ao desmame, sem suplementação com PSD; T2 - animais leves ao desmame, suplementados com 10g/animal/dia de PSD; T3 - animais leves ao desmame, suplementados com 20g/animal/dia de PSD; T4 - animais leves ao desmame, sem suplementação com PSD. A adição de 20g de PSD na dieta melhorou o ganho diário de peso, aumentou o peso (g/kg) do baço e o título de IgA no soro entre 21 e 31 dias de idade. A inclusão de 10g de PSD aumentou o comprimento e a largura do linfonodo ileocólico. A inclusão de PSD traz benefícios aos leitões nos primeiros 10 dias pós-desmame, atuando principalmente nos órgãos linfoides e na mucosa intestinal.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of spray-dried plasma (SDP) on the growth performance, immunological, histological and microbiological profile and weight of organs of light weight weaned pigs. The trial was done using 24 pigs with an initial mean age of 21 days in a completely randomized experimental design. The treatments were: T1 - heavy weight weaned pigs, without SDP supplementation; T2 - light weight weaned pigs, supplemented with 10g/animal/day of SDP; T3 - light weight weaned pigs, supplemented with 20g/animal/day of SDP; T4 - light weight weaned pigs, without SDP supplementation. The inclusion of 20g of SDP in the diet improved the weight gain, spleen weight (g/kg) and serum IgA title between 21 and 31 days of age. The inclusion of 10g of SDP in the diet improved the length and width of the ileocolic lymph node. In the first 10 days after weaning, SDP improved the development of lymphoid organs and the protection of the intestinal mucosa.

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Determinação do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) e eficiência do uso de água do alecrim-pimenta irrigado
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Lopes, Otávio D.

; Kobayashi, Mauro K.

; Oliveira, Flávio G.

; Alvarenga, Ivan C. A.

; Martins, Ernane R.

; Corsato, Carlos E.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jun 2011, Volume 15 N. 6 Pages 548 - 553

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar os coeficientes de cultura (Kc), a eficiência do uso de água (EUA) do alecrim-pimenta contemplando a produção de biomassa e óleo essencial. O experimento foi conduzido em lisímetro de drenagem, no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, em Montes Claros, MG. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, cujos tratamentos correspondiam a sete lâminas de água (0,5; 0,75; 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,65 e 1,9 ETo), e três repetições. A evapotranspiração potencial de referência utilizada no cálculo das lâminas de irrigação foi obtida pelo método de Penman-Monteith. Os tratamentos foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Os resultados indicam que o alecrim-pimenta apresenta resposta positiva ao aumento da lâmina d'água aplicada. O tratamento responsável pelo maior índice de eficiência do uso da água, foi o tratamento 6 (1,65 ETo), com 1,26 kg m-3 para a produção de matéria fresca em função da lâmina aplicada. A produtividade de óleo essencial foi de 59,12 kg ha-1 aos 120 dias após transplantio, para o tratamento 7 (1,9 ETo). Os coeficientes de cultura (Kc) médios determinados em todo o ciclo da cultura, variaram de 0,98 na fase inicial, 1,20 no desenvolvimento vegetativo e 1,52 no florescimento.

The aim of this study was to determine the crop coefficient (Kc), water use efficiency (WUE) of the Lippia sidoides Cham. contemplating the production of biomass and essential oil and growth parameters. The experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeter at the Instituto de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, at Montes Claros, MG. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with the treatments corresponding to seven water depths (0.5; 0.75; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 1.65 and 1.9 ETo), and three replications. The potential evapotranspiration of reference used in the calculation of the irrigation was obtained by the Penman Monteith method. The treatments were submitted to regression analysis. The results indicate that Lippia sidoides Cham has a positive response with increased water depth applied. The treatment 6 (1.65 ETo) was the one with the highest efficiency rate of water use, with 1.26 kg m-3 for the production of fresh weight as a function of the water depth. The yield of essential oil was 59.12 kg ha-1 at 120 days after transplanting, for treatment 7 (1,9 ETo). The mean crop coefficients (Kc) determined throughout the crop cycle ranged from 0.98 in the initial phase, 1.20 and 1.52 in vegetative growth during flowering.

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10.

Long term follow up of familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
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Morita, Márcia E.

; Conz, Lívia

; Maurer-Morelli, Claudia V.

; Kobayashi, Eliane

; Yasuda, Clarissa L.

; Betting, Luiz E. G.

; Pereira, Fabrício R. S.

; Lopes-Cendes, Iscia

; Cendes, Fernando

Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology

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sep 2008, Volume 14 N. 3 Pages 111 - 113

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a evolução de famílias com epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial familiar (ELTMF). METODOLOGIA: Seguimento prospectivo de 64 pacientes com ELTMF e 37 membros assintomáticos pertencente a 28 famílias. RESULTADOS: A média de seguimento dos pacientes com ELTMF foi de 93,4 ± 15,8 meses. Na avaliação inicial os pacientes foram divididos em benignos (n = 29), remissão (n = 28) e refratários (n = 7). Na última visita disponível, 41,4% dos pacientes com ELTMF benigna permaneceram classificados como benignos, 20,7% tornaram-se refratários e 37,9% entraram em remissão. No grupo em remissão, 75% permaneceram livres de crise, 21,4% foram classificados como benignos e um faleceu (3,6%) de causa não relacionada à epilepsia. Todos pacientes refratários permaneceram refratários. Em relação aos assintomáticos 10,8% evoluíram com crises. A média de seguimento dos assintomáticos foi de 76,0 ± 21,2 meses. CONCLUSÃO: O seguimento prospectivo de mais de 7 anos de pacientes com ELTMF revelou que é improvável ocorrer controle de crises no grupo refratário. No grupo benigno é muito provável que estes indivíduos entrem em remissão ou permaneçam com evolução benigna. A maioria dos pacientes do grupo em remissão permaneceu em remissão e nenhum se tornou refratário. Em relação aos assintomáticos a probabilidade de apresentar uma crise no decorrer de aproximadamente 6 anos foi maior que o observado na população geral.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze seizure outcome in individuals with familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE). METHOD: We followed prospectively 64 individuals with FMTLE and 37 asymptomatic individuals belonging to 28 families. RESULTS: Patients with FMTLE had a mean follow up was 93.4 ± 15.8 months. At baseline they were divided in benign (n = 29), remission (n = 28) and refractory (n = 7). At last follow up visit 41.4% patients with benign FMTLE remained classified as benign, 20.7% became refractory and 37.9% were in remission. In the subgroup of FMTLE in remission 21 75% remained without seizures; 21.4% were classified as benign FMTLE, and one died (3.6%) from cause unrelated to epilepsy. All refractory patients remained refractory. From the asymptomatic group, 10.8% became symptomatic (FMTLE). The mean follow up was 76.0 ± 21.2 months. CONCLUSION: Prospective follow up of more than 7 years in patients with FMTLE revealed that it is unlikely to achieve seizure control in those with refractory seizures. Patients with diagnose of more benign forms of FMTLE for more than one year are likely to either remit or remain under well controlled seizures. The majority of patients who had achieved seizure remission remained seizure-free and none became refractory. Asymptomatic individuals had a greater probability to have seizures compared to the general population in a 6 year period of follow up.

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11.

Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y factores de virulencia en especies de Enterococcus causantes de infecciones pediátricas en Cuba
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Quiñones Pérez, Dianelys

; Marrero, Deisy

; Falero, Bárbara

; Tamargo, Isis

; Llop, Alina

; Kobayashi, Nobumichi

; Del Campo, Rosa

Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical

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aug 2008, Volume 60 N. 2

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Objectives: to find out the prevalence of Enterococcus species causing child infections, their virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility and most frequent infections. Methods: One hundred and fifty six isolations from Enterococcus causing infections in children, admitted to "Octavio de la Concepción y La Pedraja" hospital in Holguin, were studied. The phenotypical methods allowed identifying species and detecting virulence factors. Following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute requirements, minimal inhibitory concentration was determined for vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, ampicilline, gentamycin, streptomycin, chloranphenicol, nitrofurantoine, erythromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin and norfloxacine. Results: Strains were isolated from the blood, the urine, surgical wounds, the skin and the soft tissue, the middle ear, the vulva, catheter point, peritoneal fluid, vagina, sperm, cerebrospinal fluid, and from other sources. The prevailing species was Enterococcus faecalis followed by Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum y Enterococcus raffinossus, Enterococcus casseliflavus y Enterococcus avium. Protease and hemolysin was only detected in E. faecalis. E. faecium accounted for the highest percentage of resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacine, norfloxacin, levofloxacin whereas E. faecalis was more resistant to erythromycin, chloranphenicol and tetracycline. Fifty eight E. faecalis isolates and 12 E. faecium isolates exhibited the highest levels of resistance to gentamycin, as well as 45 % and 32.3 % of samples had high levels of resistance to streptomycin respectively. A vancomycin-resistent E. faecium strain was detected. Conclusions: The circulation of virulent and multiple resistant Enterococcus strains indicates that Enterococcus infection need to be controlled and the importance of monitoring antimicrobial susceptibility, in order to prevent the selection of strains with these characteristics in hospitals and their possible extension to the community .

Objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de especies de enterococos causantes de infecciones en niño, su virulencia, susceptibilidad antimicrobiana e infecciones más frecuentes. Métodos: se estudiaron 156 aislamientos de enterococos causantes de infecciones en niños ingresados en el Hospital "Octavio de la Concepción y La Pedraja", Holguín. Se llevó a cabo la identificación de especies y detección de factores de virulencia por métodos fenotípicos. Se determinó la concentración inhibitoria mínima para vancomicina, ciprofloxacina, ampicilina, gentamicina, estreptomicina, cloranfenicol, nitrofurantoína, eritromicina, tetraciclina, levofloxacina y norfloxacina, según las normas del Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Resultados: las cepas se aislaron de sangre, orina, heridas quirúrgicas, piel y tejido blando, oído medio, vulva, punta de catéter, líquido peritoneal, vagina, esperma, líquido cefalorraquídeo, y otras fuentes. La especie prevalente fue Enterococcus faecalis, seguido por Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum y Enterococcus raffinossus, Enterococcus casseliflavus y Enterococcus avium. La producción de proteasa y hemolisina se detectó solo en E. faecalis. E. faecium mostró porcentajes más altos de resistencia a ampicilina, ciprofloxacina, norfloxacina, levofloxacina, mientras que E. faecalis mostró más resistencia a eritromicina, cloranfenicol y tetraciclina. De E. faecalis 58 aislamientos y 12 de E. faecium presentaron altos niveles de resistencia a gentamicina, así como 45 y 32,3 % mostraron altos niveles de resistencia para estreptomicina, respectivamente. Se detectó una cepa de E. faecium resistente a vancomicina. Conclusiones: la circulación de cepas de enterococos virulentas y resistentes a diferentes antibióticos indica la necesidad del control de la infección enterocócica y la importancia del monitoreo de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, para prevenir la selección de cepas con estos rasgos dentro de las unidades hospitalarias y su posible expansión a la comunidad.

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12.

The importance of accurate anatomic assessment for the volumetric analysis of the amygdala
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Bonilha, L.

; Kobayashi, E.

; Cendes, F.

; Li, L.M.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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mar 2005, Volume 38 N. 3 Pages 409 - 418

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

There is a wide range of values reported in volumetric studies of the amygdala. The use of single plane thick magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may prevent the correct visualization of anatomic landmarks and yield imprecise results. To assess whether there is a difference between volumetric analysis of the amygdala performed with single plane MRI 3-mm slices and with multiplanar analysis of MRI 1-mm slices, we studied healthy subjects and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. We performed manual delineation of the amygdala on T1-weighted inversion recovery, 3-mm coronal slices and manual delineation of the amygdala on three-dimensional volumetric T1-weighted images with 1-mm slice thickness. The data were compared using a dependent t-test. There was a significant difference between the volumes obtained by the coronal plane-based measurements and the volumes obtained by three-dimensional analysis (P < 0.001). An incorrect estimate of the amygdala volume may preclude a correct analysis of the biological effects of alterations in amygdala volume. Three-dimensional analysis is preferred because it is based on more extensive anatomical assessment and the results are similar to those obtained in post-mortem studies.

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13.

Artificial oxygen carrier: its front line
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Kobayashi, K.

; Tsuchida, E.

; Horinouchi, H.

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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feb 2005, Volume 47 N. 1

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

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14.

Abnormalities of hippocampal signal intensity in patients with familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
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Coan, A.C.

; Kobayashi, E.

; Lopes-Cendes, I.

; Li, L.M.

; Cendes, F.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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jun 2004, Volume 37 N. 6 Pages 827 - 832

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with hippocampal atrophy and hippocampal signal abnormalities. In our series of familial MTLE (FMTLE), we found a high proportion of hippocampal abnormalities. To quantify signal abnormalities in patients with FMTLE we studied 152 individuals (46 of them asymptomatic) with FMTLE. We used NIH-Image® for volumetry and signal quantification in coronal T1 inversion recovery and T2 for all cross-sections of the hippocampus. Values diverging by 2 or more SD from the control mean were considered abnormal. T2 hippocampal signal abnormalities were found in 52% of all individuals: 54% of affected subjects and 48% of asymptomatic subjects. T1 hippocampal signal changes were found in 34% of all individuals: 42.5% of affected subjects and 15% of asymptomatic subjects. Analysis of the hippocampal head (first three slices) revealed T2 abnormalities in 73% of all individuals (74% of affected subjects and 72% of asymptomatic subjects) and T1 abnormalities in 59% (67% of affected subjects and 41% of asymptomatic subjects). Affected individuals had smaller volumes than controls (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in hippocampal volumes between asymptomatic subjects and controls, although 39% of asymptomatic patients had hippocampal atrophy. Patients with an abnormal hippocampal signal (133 individuals) had smaller ipsilateral volume, but no linear correlation could be determined. Hippocampal signal abnormalities in FMTLE were more frequently found in the hippocampal head in both affected and asymptomatic family members, including those with normal volumes. These results indicate that subtle abnormalities leading to an abnormal hippocampal signal in FMTLE are not necessarily related to seizures and may be determined by genetic factors.

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15.

Transient gene expression of beta-glucuronidase in citrus thin epicotyl transversal sections using particle bombardment
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Bespalhok Filho, João C.

; Kobayashi, Adilson K.

; Pereira, Luiz F. P.

; Galvão, Rafaelo M.

; Vieira, Luiz G. E.

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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jan 2003, Volume 46 N. 1 Pages 1 - 6

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Nosso objetivo é desenvolver um protocolo para transformação genética de Citrus através do bombardeamento de partículas usando cortes finos de epicótilo como explantes alvo. Neste trabalho foram otimizadas condições para a expressão transiente usando citrange carrizo (Citrus sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) como modelo. Epicótilos de plântulas de citrange carrizo germinadas in vitro foram cortadas transversalmente em seções de 1 mm e cultivadas em meio MS com 5 miM no escuro. Depois de uma semana, explantes foram bombardeados com o plasmídio pE2113-GUS usando um aparelho de alta pressão de hélio (PDS 1000/He Bio-Rad). As melhores condições para a expressão transiente foram: partículas de tungstênio M-25, pressão de hélio de 1550 psi, distância de 9 cm entre os explantes e DNA/particle holder e cultivo dos explantes em meio com alta osmolaridade (0,2 M manitol + 0,2 M sorbitol) 4 h antes e 20 h depois do bombardeamento. Usando estes parâmetros, uma média de 102 pontos azuis por bombardeamento (20 explantes/placa) foi obtida. Este protocolo esta sendo usado atualmente para transformação de citrange Carrizo e adaptado para transformação de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis).

Studies were carried out to optimize the conditions for transient gene expression through particle bombardment on Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) thin epicotyl sections. The best conditions for transient GUS expression were: M-25 tungsten particles, 1550 psi helium pressure, 9 cm distance between specimen and DNA/particle holder and culture of explants in a high osmolarity medium (0.2 M mannitol + 0.2 M sorbitol) 4 h prior and 20 h after bombardment. Under these conditions, an average of 102 blue spots per bombardment (20 explants/plate) were achieved. This protocol is currently being used for transformation of Carrizo citrange and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis).

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