Abstract Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare and infrequent congenital heart disease characterized by the attachment of the tricuspid valve leaflets; in the prenatal stage it is estimated that its incidence corresponds to 3% of all diagnosed heart diseases. We present the case of a fetus diagnosed with Ebstein’s anomaly who underwent an adequate prenatal diagnosis, which made it possible to plan the neonatal birth with a comprehensive multidisciplinary team. Due to the rarity of the prenatal diagnosis of this entity, the clinical case and the representative imaging findings are described.

Resumen La anomalía de Ebstein es una cardiopatía congénita rara y poco frecuente caracterizada por el adosamiento de los velos valvulares tricuspídeos; en la etapa prenatal se estima que su incidencia corresponde a un 3% de todas las cardiopatías diagnosticadas. Se presenta el caso de un feto con diagnóstico de anomalía de Ebstein a quien se le realizó un diagnóstico prenatal adecuado, lo que permitió planificar el nacimiento neonatal con un equipo multidisciplinario integral. Debido a la rareza del diagnóstico prenatal de esta entidad, se describe el caso clínico y los hallazgos imagenológicos representativos.

Baru seeds are commonly found in the Brazilian savanna and present potential to be used by the food industry due to their high content of fat. In this sense, this study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties, and chemical composition of baru seed oil. The thermal and oxidative stability, as well as the interfacial properties of the oil were also evaluated. The free fatty acid, peroxide, moisture, density, viscosity and the refractive index of the oil extracted from baru seeds were 0.08% oleic acid, 6.69 meq O2 kg–1 of oil, 0.03%, 0.92 g cm–3, 32.9 mPa s and 1.47, respectively. Since linoleic acid (L), oleic acid (O), palmitic acid (P) and linolenic acid (Ln) are the main fatty acids present in the oil, the most common predominant triacylglycerols in the oil are POO, POL, OOO, OOL, OLL and LLL. The oil extracted from baru seeds presented good thermal and oxidative stability. Moreover, the oil contains high contents of total phenolics and carotenoids. The reduction of oil-water dynamic interfacial tension was promoted by the presence of small molecules. Therefore, the oil extracted from baru seeds presents promising properties for processing in the food industry.

In this study, xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei) native endemic cactus from the Brazilian semiarid was used for the first time as a natural carbon source (“green precursor”) for the synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). These CDs were successfully used to develop a fast, low-cost, eco-friendly fluorescence method for the determination of tannins in teas. This method was automatized employing a flow-batch system coupled to an inexpensive ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) used as an excitation source and a cheap handheld spectrometer used as a detector. CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The proposed method presented a linear range from 2.0-30.0 mg L-1, relative standard deviation (RSD) < 3.0%, limit of detection (LOD) = 0.102 mg L-1, and recovery rates from 90.5-109.1%. A paired t-test at a 95% confidence level indicated no statistically significant difference between the proposed and reference methods, revealing that it is a useful alternative for the determination of tannins.

RESUMO A cultura do amendoim apresenta grande interesse econômico, em decorrência de suas sementes, constituírem importante fonte de proteína vegetal e de óleo comestível. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a fisiologia e crescimento da cultura do amendoim submetido a estresse salino e hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em Auroras, Redenção, Ceará, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, cujas parcelas referem-se aos níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 dS m-1) e as subparcelas aos regimes hídricos de 50 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura. O estresse salino afeta negativamente a altura de planta, número de folhas e massa seca da parte aérea, índices relativos de clorofila, transpiração e a temperatura foliar da cultura do amendoim. O regime hídrico de 100% da ETc proporcionou maiores desempenhos para as variáveis diâmetro do caule, número de folhas e massa seca da parte aérea da cultura do amendoim.

ABSTRACT Peanut crops are of great economic interest because their seeds are used as an important source of vegetable protein and edible oil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological indices and growth of peanut crops subjected to saline and water stress. The experiment was conducted in Auroras, Redenção, Ceará, Brazil using a completely randomized split plot statistical design. The plots were composed of irrigation water treatments with varying levels of electrical conductivity - ECw (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 dS m-1), while the subplots were formed by the water regimes of 50% and 100% crop evapotranspiration. Plant height, leaf number, shoot dry matter, relative chlorophyll level, transpiration, and leaf temperature were affected by salt stress. The water regime of 100% ETc provided better performance for the variables stem diameter, leaf number, and shoot dry mass of peanuts.

Abstract Automotive windshield represents a large volume of solid waste due to limited recycling. Glass-ceramics were produced from discarded windshields with Nb2O5 as a nucleating agent at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt% at 700 and 800 °C sintering temperatures. Mechanical and electrical characterizations of glass-ceramics were performed. Equibiaxial flexural strength was performed and related to porosity. At 700 °C, Nb2O5 favors the monoclinic NaNbO3 phase with perovskite structure. At 800 °C, high Nb2O5 content formed crystalline phases of perovskite and quartz. Dielectric constant and electrical conductivity increased with the addition of Nb2O5, reaching 64 and 4.3 μS/m for 15 wt% Nb2O5 at 700oC. At 800oC, niobium pentoxide reduces the biaxial flexural strength from 28.7 to 14.4 MPa; while increasing the electrical conductivity from 0.10 to 0.33 µS/m for samples with 0 and 15 wt%.

This article continues our presentation of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of patients with suicidal behavior, with a focus on screening, intervention, postvention, prevention, and promotion. For the development of these guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and SciELO databases for research published from 1997 to 2020. Systematic reviews, clinical trials, and cohort/observational studies on screening, intervention, and prevention in suicidal behavior were included. This project involved 14 Brazilian psychiatry professionals and 1 psychologist selected by the Psychiatric Emergencies Committee of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association for their experience and knowledge in psychiatry and psychiatric emergencies. Publications were evaluated according to the 2011 Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence Classification. Eighty-five articles were reviewed (of 5,362 initially collected and 755 abstracts on the drug approach). Forms of screening, intervention, and prevention are presented. The intervention section presents evidence for psychotherapeutic and drug interventions. For the latter, it is important to remember that each medication is effective only for specific groups and should not replace treatment protocols. We maintain our recommendation for the use of universal screening plus intervention. Although the various studies differ in terms of the populations evaluated and several proposals are presented, there is already significant evidence for certain interventions. Suicidal behavior can be analyzed by evidence-based medicine protocols. Currently, the best strategy is to combine several techniques through the Safety Plan. Nevertheless, further research on the topic is needed to elucidate some approaches with particular potential for intervention and prevention. Systematic review registry number: CRD42020206517

Resumen. Objetivos: Analizar las posibles asociaciones entre sexo, edad y estilos de crianza con síntomas de depresión y ansiedad. Método: En este estudio transversal participaron 710 estudiantes entre 8 y 13 años (con una edad promedio de 10.8 [DE = 0.75]), la mayoría hombres (n = 422, 59.4%), los cuales respondieron tres instrumentos de cribado: una escala de prácticas parentales y dos autoinformes para evaluar síntomas de ansiedad y de depresión. Se llevaron a cabo dos regresiones múltiples. Resultados: Los estilos parentales predominantes fueron el autoritativo (38.6%) y el negligente (38%). Los síntomas depresivos -F (3, 706) = 3.12, p = .03- y ansiosos -F (3, 706) = 2.83, p = .4- se relacionaron de manera diferente entre los estilos parentales. El estilo parental negligente se asoció con menos ansiedad generalizada que el estilo parental autoritativo. Implicaciones clínicas: Los niños de 8 a 13 años con estilo de crianza autoritario podrían ser evaluados para detectar la posible presencia de síntomas de ansiedad generalizada.

Abstract. Objective: To analyse the possible direct and interactive associations of sex, age and parenting styles with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 710 students ranging from 8 to 13 years (mean age 10.8 years [ 0.75]), the most of them males (n = 422, 59.4%), completed three screening instruments: a parenting practices scale and two self-reports for evaluating anxiety and depressive symptoms. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. Results: Authoritative (38.6%) and neglectful (38%) parenting styles were predominant. Symptoms of depression -F (3, 706) = 3.12, p = .03- and anxiety -F (3, 706) = 2.83, p = .4- differed by parenting styles. Students with a neglectful parenting style reported significant lower generalized anxiety symptoms than those whose parents used authoritative parenting. Clinical implications: Children ages 8 to 13 years-old with authoritative parenting style should be evaluated for possible presence of generalized anxiety symptoms.

RESUMO No presente estudo, objetivou-se ajustar diferentes modelos aos dados experimentais da secagem das sementes de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) e selecionar o melhor modelo, determinar o coeficiente de difusão efetivo, a energia de ativação e as propriedades termodinâmicas para o processo, durante a secagem em diversas temperaturas. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Pós-Colheita de Produtos Vegetais do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Rio Verde. As sementes com teor de água inicial de 18 ± 0,25% base seca, foram secas em estufa com ventilação de ar forçada, nas temperaturas controladas de 45, 60, 75 e 90 °C, em quatro repetições. Aos dados experimentais foram ajustados a modelos de regressão não linear utilizados para descrição do fenômeno. Para representar a secagem das sementes de tamarindo o modelo de Midilli foi selecionado para a faixa de 45 a 60 ºC, e para 75 a 90 ºC o modelo ajustado foi o de Dois termos. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura do ar de secagem, sendo descrito pela equação de Arrhenius, com energia de ativação de 35,16 kJ mol-1. A entalpia e entropia decrescem, enquanto a energia livre de Gibbs aumenta com o incremento da temperatura de secagem.

ABSTRACT In the present study, the objective was to fit different models to the experimental data of drying of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seeds and to select the best model, to determine the effective diffusion coefficient, activation energy and thermodynamic properties for the process during drying at different temperatures. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest of Vegetable Products of the Instituto Federal Goiano (Federal Institute Goiano) - Campus of Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Seeds with initial moisture content of 18 ± 0.25% dry basis were oven dried with forced air ventilation, at controlled temperatures of 45, 60, 75 and 90 °C in four repetitions. Nonlinear regression models used to describe the phenomenon were fitted to the experimental data. To represent the drying of tamarind seeds, the Midilli model was selected for the range from 45 to 60 ºC and the Two terms model was selected for the range from 75 to 90 ºC. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with the increase of drying air temperature, being described by the Arrhenius equation, with activation energy of 35.16 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy and entropy decreases, while Gibbs free energy increases with increasing drying temperature.

Abstract Meeting the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic requires an interdisciplinary approach. In this context, integrating knowledge of immune function with an understanding of how genetic variation influences the nature of immunity is a key challenge. Immunogenetics can help explain the heterogeneity of susceptibility and protection to the viral infection and disease progression. Here, we review the knowledge developed so far, discussing fundamental genes for triggering the innate and adaptive immune responses associated with a viral infection, especially with the SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms. We emphasize the role of the HLA and KIR genes, discussing what has been uncovered about their role in COVID-19 and addressing methodological challenges of studying these genes. Finally, we comment on questions that arise when studying admixed populations, highlighting the case of Brazil. We argue that the interplay between immunology and an understanding of genetic associations can provide an important contribution to our knowledge of COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Tamarind is used in the food and pharmaceutical industry, and its seed is the main means for the reproduction of this species, thus justifying studies that ensure its post-harvest viability. This research aimed to study the thermodynamic properties of tamarind seeds as a function of the equilibrium moisture content. The experimental data of the water activities were obtained by the indirect static method. The Cavalcanti Mata model was used to determine the thermodynamic properties of tamarind seeds, as it was the model that best fitted the experimental data of the desorption isotherms. The results showed that the thermodynamic properties are influenced by the moisture content and temperature, with an increase in the energy required to remove water from the product with a decrease in moisture content. The net isosteric heat of desorption increases with a reduction of moisture content ranging from 2,618.85 to 2,510.25 kJ kg−1 for the moisture content range of 10.52 to 21.10% db. The latent heat of vaporization, the differential enthalpy, and the Gibbs free energy increase with a reduction of the moisture content of tamarind seeds.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este estudo, determinar as isotermas de dessorção e o calor isostérico das sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart., utilizando os critérios de informação de Akaike (AIC) e informação bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC) para auxiliar na escolha do modelo de regressão não linear. As isotermas de dessorção foram determinadas pelo método estático indireto e a atividade de água foi obtida por meio do equipamento HygroPalm; o produto foi acondicionado no equipamento em B.O.D. regulada a 10, 20, 30 e 40 °C. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados a diversos modelos de regressão não linear, pelo método Gauss-Newton. As isotermas de dessorção de sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart. podem ser representadas pelos modelos de Chung-Pfost, Copace, GAB Modificado, Henderson Modificado, Oswin Modificado, Sabbah e Sigma Copace. Contudo, o modelo Sigma Copace apresentou melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais, com memores valores de AIC e BIC, sendo escolhido para representar as isotermas de dessorção das sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart. O calor isostérico aumentou com a diminuição do teor de água, sendo necessária maior quantidade de energia para retirar a água das sementes, com valores variando de 2541,64 a 2481,56 kJ kg-1, para a faixa do teor de água de 5,69 a 14,93% base seca.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the desorption isotherms and isosteric heat of Annona crassiflora Mart. seeds, using Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Schwarz’s Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to assist in the choice of the nonlinear regression model. The desorption isotherms were determined by indirect static method and water activity was obtained using the instrument HygroPalm; the product was put in the device in B.O.D. chamber set at 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C. Several nonlinear regression models were fitted to the experimental data by the Gauss-Newton method. The desorption isotherms of Annona crassiflora Mart. seeds can be represented by the models of Chung-Pfost, Copace, Modified GAB, Modified Henderson, Modified Oswin, Sabbah and Sigma Copace. However, the Sigma Copace model showed better fit to the experimental data, with lower AIC and BIC values, being chosen to represent the desorption isotherms of Annona crassiflora Mart seeds. Isosteric heat increased with decreasing moisture content, requiring a greater amount of energy to remove water from seeds, with values ranging from 2541.64 to 2481.56 kJ kg-1, for the moisture content range from 5.69 to 14.93% on a dry basis.

This work aims the synthesis of amidino pyrazolines by the cyclocondensation reaction between 3-(hetero)aryl-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)enones and aminoguanidine hydrochloride under sonochemical conditions. Thirteen new compounds were synthesized in 15-83% of yield after sonication for 30 min without purification by chromatography. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated by in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a panel of four bacterial strains and four Candida yeasts. As result, the 5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamide hydrochloride was identified as the most active against gram-positive S. aureus and E. faecalis with MIC of 7.8 µg mL−1, similar to the value showed by chloramphenicol, which was used as standard.

RESUMO: Estudamos o círculo arterial no encéfalo de cinco espécimes do primata Alouatta belzebul. O material teve o sistema arterial perfundido (água a 40°C), injetado com látex corado (Neoprene 650), fixado em solução aquosa de formaldeído (10%) e dissecado para verificação dos vasos. O círculo arterial deste primata é composto por dois sistemas vasculares: vértebro-basilar e o sistema carotídeo, que se anastomosam para fechar o circuito arterial. Na porção caudal do círculo arterial encontra-se as artérias vertebrais e seus ramos: artéria espinal rostral e a cerebelar inferior caudal. A anastomose das artérias vertebrais dá origem a artéria basilar. Esta apresentou uma variação anatômica no início do seu trajeto, formando uma dupla artéria basilar, denominada ilha arterial. Em seu trajeto emitiu ramos dando origem a artéria cerebelar inferior rostral, as artérias pontinas, as artérias cerebelares rostrais, as artérias cerebelares rostrais satélites e o seu ramo terminal, a artéria cerebral caudal, que apresentou-se em dois segmentos: o pré-comunicante e pós-comunicante, unindo-se a artéria carótida interna e originando a artéria comunicante caudal. Este grupo de artérias e anastomoses encerram a porção caudal do círculo arterial. Das artérias carótidas internas direita e esquerda, inicia-se a porção rostral do círculo arterial, ao qual é constituído pelas artérias cerebrais rostrais direita e esquerda e as artérias cerebrais médias direita e esquerda. As artérias cerebrais rostrais se anastomosam em um tronco único dando origem a artéria inter-hemisférica e em A. belzebul e Sapajus libidinosus, a artéria comunicante rostral se encontra ausente. A artéria inter-hemisférica segue para região média do encéfalo e no joelho do corpo caloso se divide em artéria pericalosa e artéria calosomarginal, que vão suprir as regiões pré e pós-central dos hemisférios cerebrais desta espécie, assim como outros primatas não humanos e humano. Nota-se que na primeira parte da artéria cerebral rostral esquerda, ocorre uma inosculação direta entre o ramo recorrente da artéria cerebral rostral e artéria cerebral média esquerda para suprir a região entorrinal, esse fato também ocorre em Pongo spp. A artéria cerebral média segue seu trajeto pelo sulco lateral onde emite vários ramos superficiais para irrigar as regiões corticais supero e ínfero lateral do lobo frontal, parietal e temporal, esta não faz parte do círculo arterial mas é o ramo terminal da artéria carótida interna. Pode-se considerar que A. belzebul depende de duas fontes de suprimento para o encéfalo: os sistemas vértebro-basilar e carotídeo, contribuindo na intervenção de médicos veterinários durante os procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos em outros primatas, assim como na preservação de animais silvestres.

ABSTRACT: We studied the arterial circle in the brain of five specimens of the Alouatta belzebul primate. The material had the arterial system perfused (water at 40°C), injected with stained latex (Neoprene 650), fixed in aqueous formaldehyde solution (10%) and dissected for vessel verification. The arterial circle of this primate is composed of two vascular systems: the vertebra-basilar and the carotid ones, which anastomose to close the arterial circuit. In the caudal portion of the arterial circle, there are the vertebral arteries and their branches: the rostral spinal artery and the caudal inferior cerebellar artery. The anastomosis of the vertebral arteries gives rise to the basilar artery. It presented an anatomical variation at the beginning of its path, forming a double basilar artery, called arterial island. In its course, it emitted branches giving rise to the rostral inferior cerebellar artery, the pontine arteries, the rostral cerebellar arteries, the satellite rostral cerebellar arteries and its terminal branch, the caudal cerebral artery, which presented itself in two segments: the pre-communicating one and post-communicating, joining the internal carotid artery and originating the caudal communicating artery. This group of arteries and anastomoses enclose the caudal portion of the arterial circle. From the right and left internal carotid arteries begins the rostral portion of the arterial circle, which consists of the right and left rostral cerebral arteries and the right and left middle cerebral arteries. The rostral cerebral arteries anastomose into a single trunk, giving rise to the interhemispheric artery, and in A. belzebul and Sapajus libidinosus, the rostral communicating artery is absent. The interhemispheric artery goes to the midbrain region and the corpus callosum knee divides into pericalous artery and callosarginal artery, which will supply the pre and post-central regions of the cerebral hemispheres of this species, as well as other non-human and human primates. It is noted that in the first part of the left rostral cerebral artery, there is a direct inosculation between the recurrent branch of the rostral cerebral artery and left middle cerebral artery to supply the entorhinal region. This fact also occurs in Pongo spp. The middle cerebral artery travels along the lateral sulcus where it emits several superficial branches to irrigate the superior and inferior lateral cortical regions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. It is not part of the arterial circle but is the terminal branch of the internal carotid artery. A. belzebul can be considered to depend on two sources of supply to the brain: the vertebra-basilar and carotid systems, contributing to the intervention of veterinarians during clinical and surgical procedures in other primates, as well as the preservation of wild animals.

ABSTRACT This research addresses a lot sizing and scheduling problem inspired by a real-world production environment where the customers make advanced orders and the industry need to decide which orders will be accepted with the aim of maximizing the profit respecting the production capacity constraints. Orders are composed of different types of items which must be delivered within a given time interval and, moreover, such orders cannot be split. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model is proposed to represent the problem and a MIP-based heuristic is also proposed to deliver good solutions at an acceptable computational time. The heuristic is composed of three phases (construction, deterministic improvement and stochastic improvement phases) and combines relax-and-fix, fix-and-optimize, and iterative MIP based neighborhood search procedures. Computational tests are presented in order to study the efficiency of the proposed approaches.

ABSTRACT Cutaneous tuberculosis represents less than 2% of all cases of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its low prevalence, associated with a wide variety in clinical presentation of the lesions, hinders and delays the diagnosis and, thus, treatment initiation. The following is the case of an 80-years old, female patient with an ulcerated, chronic lesion in the left ear auricle, with a torpid evolution and poor response to established pharmacological management; with a skin biopsy that showed chronic inflammatory reaction and the presence of acid-fast bacilli.

RESUMEN La tuberculosis cutánea representa menos del 2% de todos los casos de la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Su baja prevalencia, asociada a la amplia variedad en la presentación clínica de las lesiones, dificulta y retrasa el diagnóstico y, por tanto, el inicio del tratamiento. El siguiente es el caso de una paciente de 80 años, con una lesión ulcerada, crónica, en pabellón auricular izquierdo, con evolución tórpida y pobre respuesta al manejo farmacológico instaurado; con biopsia de piel que mostró reacción inflamatoria crónica y presencia de bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes.