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au:Jorquera, Maria Jose

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El trabajo de las clínicas jurídicas en clave intersectorial y su contribución al acceso a la justicia en procesos de reparación de víctimas de crímenes de lesa humanidad. El caso de la Clínica de Derechos Humanos de la Universidad de Valparaíso en Chile
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Cubillos-Vega, Carla

; Jorquera, María José

; Robles Carrasco, Inés

Política criminal

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jul 2022, Volume 17 N. 33 Pages 141 - 172

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract In this article, we address the access to justice problem currently faced by victims of crimes against humanity committed under the civil-military dictatorship in Chile and the deficient state coverage of the reparatory policy. We highlight the university's role in the provision of legal services and the interdisciplinary and intersectoral work in this matter. To do this, we address the case of the legal consulting and Human Rights Clinic of the Law School of the University of Valparaíso (Chile). We use a qualitative method of systematization of experiences, relying on data collection techniques such as secondary sources review, observation, and four interviews to key informants. The results of the analysis allow us to illustrate the social contribution that this Clinic makes in the Valparaíso Region by means of the processing of legal cases, as well as its contribution to the development of transitional justice policies regarding victims' reparation. It also makes it possible to make visible difficulties and possible improvements in the processing of such cases. The systematization carried out is an example for this type of initiative to be implemented in other universities throughout the country, providing the students who graduated from the Law career with transversal competencies to litigate, in the criminal jurisdiction cases about crimes of It hurts humanity.

Resumen En este trabajo abordamos el problema del acceso a la justicia que enfrentan actualmente las víctimas de delitos de lesa humanidad cometidos en la dictadura cívico militar en Chile y la deficiente cobertura de la política reparatoria del Estado, al tiempo que resaltamos el rol que puede cumplir la universidad en la provisión de servicios jurídicos y en el trabajo interdisciplinar e intersectorial en este tipo de casos. En concreto, abordamos el caso del Consultorio Jurídico y Clínica de Derechos Humanos de la Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad de Valparaíso (Chile). Empleamos el método cualitativo de sistematización de experiencias, utilizando técnicas de recolección de datos como la revisión de fuentes secundarias, observación del trabajo desarrollado en la entidad y entrevistas a cuatro actores clave. Los resultados del análisis permiten ilustrar la contribución social que realiza dicha Clínica en la Región de Valparaíso mediante la tramitación de causas judiciales, así como su aporte al desarrollo de políticas de justicia transicional en materia de reparación a las víctimas. Permite, asimismo, visibilizar dificultades y posibles mejoras en la tramitación de dichos casos.

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Does the end justify the means? The FARC and drug trafficking as a related crime
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Arratia Sandoval, Esteban

; Jiménez Cabrera, Diego

; Barría Jorquera, Aldo

Revista Científica General José María Córdova

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dec 2020, Volume 18 N. 32 Pages 840 - 856

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen. Las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) convirtieron el narcotráfico en su principal fuente de financiación, por lo cual fue un asunto crucial en el proceso de paz en La Habana. A raíz de esto, el Acuerdo Final estableció que el narcotráfico se considerara un delito conexo al delito político en la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz si se comprueba que se usó para financiar la rebelión. Así, ¿es posible considerar el narcotráfico como delito conexo? Para responder, este artículo desarrolla cinco secciones. Primero, se expone el contexto histórico en que se desarrolló el conflicto armado y el nexo entre las FARC y esta economía ilícita. Segundo, se discute la relación teórica entre narcotráfico, conflicto y derecho internacional. Tercero, se analizan los conceptos de delito político y delito conexo conforme a la doctrina. Cuarto, se evalúa la posibilidad de que el narcotráfico constituya un delito conexo. Por último, se presentan las conclusiones.

ABSTRACT. The use of drug trafficking as the main funding source of The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) led to its consideration in the Havana peace talks. If its rebellion was financed by drug smuggling, this would compel the Special Jurisdiction for Peace to consider it as a related crime to political crime in the Final Agreement's framework, prompting the question, is it legally possible to consider drug-trafficking a related crime? This article is structured into five sections. The first, historically describes the context in which the armed conflict evolved. The second discusses the theoretical relationship between drug trafficking, international conflict, and international law. The third analyzes the concepts of political crime and related crime according to doctrinal debate. From a legal stance, the fourth validates if drug trafficking constitutes a related crime. From these, conclusions are drawn.

https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.608 49 downloads

Estudio descriptivo de mortalidad en sobrevivientes de tortura y prisión política en el período de la dictadura militar en Chile, 1973-1990
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Jorquera, María José

; Madariaga, Carlos

; Burrone, María Soledad

; Tapia, Eric

; Colantonio, Lisandro D.

; Alvarado, Rubén

Revista médica de Chile

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dec 2020, Volume 148 N. 12 Pages 1773 - 1780

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Studies on the long-term consequences of torture in survivors in Chile have only addressed the consequences for mental health, leaving aside the physical consequences. Aim: To report the causes of death in the universe of victims of the Chilean civic-military dictatorship recognized by the Reports of the National Commission for Political Prison and Torture (CNPPT) and the Advisory Commission for the qualification of Disappeared Detainees, Politically Executed individuals and Victims of Political Prison and Torture. Material and Methods: The causes of death, age at the time of death, sex, political context of death and opportunity of repair up to June 2016 are described in 38,254 victims of the Chilean civic-military dictatorship. Results: Of the universe of 38,254 victims, 9,152 (23.9%) died until June 2016. The median age at death was 68 years. The main causes of death were malignant tumors in 28%, cardiovascular diseases in 27%, respiratory diseases in 10%, digestive diseases in 9% and external causes in 8%. Conclusions: These results can inform prevention and treatment strategies for victims of the Chilean dictatorship.

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Consenso chileno para la atención integral de niños y adultos con fibrosis quística
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Boza C., María Lina

; Melo T., Joel

; Barja Y., Salesa

; Codner D., Ethel

; Gomolan G., Patricio

; Hernández M., Rubén

; Astorga F., Luis

; Barrientos I., Hortensia

; Bozzo H., Rodrigo

; Calderón R., Mauricio

; Cáceres V., Jeanette

; Chávez C., Eduardo

; Contreras E., Ilse

; Henríquez Y., María Teresita

; Fielbaum C., Oscar

; Jakubson S., Leticia

; Jara H., Beatriz

; Jorquera P., Pablo

; Kogan A., Ricardo

; Lezana S., Viviana

; Meyer P., Rodolfo

; Moraga M., Francisco

; Moscoso G., Gustavo

; Navarro D., Elizabeth

; Orellana F., María de los Ángeles

; Parra O., Genoveva

; Pavez A., Daniela

; Pérez O., María Eugenia

; Pinochet N., María José

; Puppo G., Homero

; Quintanilla A., Ana Isabella

; Repetto L., Gabriela

; Slaibe C., Lisset

; Soto B., Julio

; Vega M., Adriana

; Wong L., Carolina

Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias

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dec 2020, Volume 36 N. 4 Pages 268 - 333

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent hereditary disease in whites, with a reserved prognosis. Since 2003, Chile began a comprehensive National Cystic Fibrosis Program, directed by the Respiratory Health Unit of the Ministry of Health. To date, the main results of the Program record a significantly longer survival (average 27 years) and a significant reduction in the age of diagnosis of patients admitted from 2006 onwards. Access to Chilean Explicit Health Guarantees, the implementation of neonatal screening in some regions of the country, the organization and setting up of CF-trained teams of various specialties, has contributed to improving results. Although the main manifestations are of the respiratory and digestive system, the multisystemic nature of CF makes it necessary to know the different aspects involved in its management, in order to optimize the results of the treatment and the resources invested, both in the public and private sectors. This document is a review and an update on the main aspects of the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of the respiratory and non-respiratory manifestations of CF.

Resumen La Fibrosis Quística (FQ) es la enfermedad hereditaria de pronóstico reservado más frecuente en raza blanca. Desde el año 2003, Chile inicia un Programa Nacional de Fibrosis Quística, de carácter integral, dirigido por la Unidad de Salud Respiratoria del Ministerio de Salud. Hasta la fecha, los principales resultados del Programa registran una significativa mayor sobrevida (promedio 27 años) y una significativa reducción en la edad de diagnóstico de los pacientes ingresados desde 2006 en adelante. El acceso a la canasta GES (Garantías Explícitas en Salud), la implementación del tamizaje neonatal en algunas regiones del país, la organización y la constitución de equipos entrenados en FQ de diversas especialidades, ha contribuido a mejorar los resultados. Si bien las principales manifestaciones son del aparato respiratorio y digestivo, el carácter multisistémico de la FQ obliga a conocer los distintos aspectos involucrados en su manejo, a fin de optimizar los resultados del tratamiento y los recursos invertidos, tanto en el sector público como privado. Este documento es una revisión y actualización sobre los principales aspectos del diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de las manifestaciones respiratorias y no respiratorias de la FQ.

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Implementing the protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial for the recovery-oriented intervention to people with psychoses in two Latin American cities
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Mascayano, Franco

; Alvarado, Ruben

; Andrews, Howard F.

; Jorquera, Maria Jose

; Lovisi, Giovanni Marcos

; Souza, Flavia Mitkiewicz de

; Pratt, Charissa

; Rojas, Graciela

; Restrepo-Toro, Maria E.

; Fader, Kim

; Gorroochurn, Prakash

; Galea, Sandro

; Dahl, Catarina Magalhães

; Cintra, Jacqueline

; Conover, Sarah

; Burrone, Maria Soledad

; Baumgartner, Joy Noel

; Rosenheck, Robert

; Schilling, Sara

; Sarução, Keli Rodrigues

; Stastny, Peter

; Tapia, Eric

; Cavalcanti, Maria Tavares

; Valencia, Eliecer

; Yang, Lawrence H.

; Susser, Ezra

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2019, Volume 35 N. 4 elocation e00108018

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Diversos países latino-americanos já alcançaram avanços notáveis na oferta de assistência em saúde mental para pessoas com psicoses. No entanto, as clínicas de saúde mental geralmente realizam atividades de extensão muito limitadas dentro das comunidades, tendem a ter vínculos fracos com a assistência primária, raramente envolvem os próprios pacientes nos cuidados e poucas vezes prestam serviços orientados para a recuperação. O artigo descreve um estudo piloto randomizado e controlado sobre a Critical Time Intervention-Task Shifting (CTI-TS), que teve como objetivo analisar essas limitações. O estudo piloto foi realizado em Santiago (Chile) e no Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Teve como meta a inclusão de 110 pessoas com psicose, recrutadas no momento da entrada em clínicas comunitárias de saúde mental. Os participantes foram randomizados para o CTI-TS ou para os cuidados usuais. Aqueles alocados ao grupo da intervenção receberam os cuidados usuais e os serviços de CTI-TS ao longo de 9 meses. Os desfechos primários incluíram a qualidade de vida (WHO Quality of Life Scale - Brief Version) e as necessidades não atendidas (Camberwell Assessment of Needs) no acompanhamento aos 18 meses. Os desfechos primários aos 18 meses serão analisados com a técnica de Equações de Estimação Generalizadas (GEE), com as observações agrupadas dentro dos locais do estudo. Serão utilizados modelos em três níveis para examinar as tendências temporais nos desfechos primários. Procedimentos semelhantes serão utilizados para analisar os resultados secundários. Espera-se que o estudo forneça uma base para planejar um estudo randomizado e controlado em grande escala e em múltiplos locais para estabelecer a eficácia da intervenção orientada para a recuperação, a exemplo da CTI-TS, na América Latina.

Several Latin American countries have made remarkable strides towards offering community mental health care for people with psychoses. Nonetheless, mental health clinics generally have a very limited outreach in the community, tending to have weaker links to primary health care; rarely engaging patients in providing care; and usually not providing recovery-oriented services. This paper describes a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Critical Time Intervention-Task Shifting (CTI-TS) aimed at addressing such limitations. The pilot RCT was conducted in Santiago (Chile) and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). We included 110 people with psychosis in the study, who were recruited at the time of entry into community mental health clinics. Trial participants were randomly divided into CTI-TS intervention and usual care. Those allocated to the intervention group received usual care and, in addition, CTI-TS services over a 9-month period. Primary outcomes include quality of life (WHO Quality of Life Scale - Brief Version) and unmet needs (Camberwell Assessment of Needs) at the 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes at 18 months will be analyzed by Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), with observations clustered within sites. We will use three-level multilevel models to examine time trends on the primary outcomes. Similar procedures will be used for analyzing secondary outcomes. Our hope is that this trial provides a foundation for planning a large-scale multi-site RCT to establish the efficacy of recovery-oriented interventions such as CTI-TS in Latin America.

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00108018 1600 downloads

Implementing the protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial for the recovery-oriented intervention to people with psychoses in two Latin American cities
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Mascayano, Franco

; Alvarado, Ruben

; Andrews, Howard F.

; Jorquera, Maria Jose

; Lovisi, Giovanni Marcos

; Souza, Flavia Mitkiewicz de

; Pratt, Charissa

; Rojas, Graciela

; Restrepo-Toro, Maria E.

; Fader, Kim

; Gorroochurn, Prakash

; Galea, Sandro

; Dahl, Catarina Magalhães

; Cintra, Jacqueline

; Conover, Sarah

; Burrone, Maria Soledad

; Baumgartner, Joy Noel

; Rosenheck, Robert

; Schilling, Sara

; Sarução, Keli Rodrigues

; Stastny, Peter

; Tapia, Eric

; Cavalcanti, Maria Tavares

; Valencia, Eliecer

; Yang, Lawrence H.

; Susser, Ezra

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2019, Volume 35 N. 4 elocation e00108018

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00108018

Caracterización de la capacidad física en niños del Programa Nacional de Fibrosis Quística de Chile
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Puppo, Homero

; Von Oetinger, Astrid

; Benz, Elizabeth

; Torres-Castro, Rodrigo

; Zagolín, Mónica

; Boza, María Lina

; Astorga, Luis

; Bozzo, Rodrigo

; Jorquera, Pablo

; Kogan, Ricardo

; Perillán, José

Revista chilena de pediatría

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oct 2018, Volume 89 N. 5 Pages 638 - 643

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, progressive, multisystem disease. Better physical capacity may slow disease progression, thus improving prognosis and survival. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical capacity of children admitted to the National CF Pro gram of the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Patients and Method: A multicenter, cross-sectional stu dy design was used. The inclusion criteria were children aged 6 to 12 years enrolled in the National CF Program; Tanner sexual maturity stage I, no respiratory exacerbations in the last 30 days, and no musculoskeletal pathologies. The maximum aerobic capacity was assessed through the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and determined with an incremental protocol in a magnetic cycle ergometer connected to an ergo-spirometer with which, at the same time, respiratory gases, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production values every 30 seconds, anaerobic threshold, and maximum workload were analyzed. The values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVj), FEVj/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flows between 25% and 75% of vital capacity were assessed through ergo-spirometry. At the beginning of the ergo-spirometry, arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, tidal volume and the per ception of lower extremity fatigue and dyspnea were recorded using the modified Borg scale. The test lasted approximately 10 minutes. Results: The clinical records of 43 children collected from six health centers were reviewed. Out of these, 29 children met inclusion criteria, and 23 were re cruited. Two children were unable to participate, reducing the final subject group to 21 (13 males, 8 females). The mean age was 8.8 ± 2 years; weight 30.5 ± 10.9 kg; height 1.32 ± 0.11 m; and body mass index 17.1 ± 3.5 (z-score 0.01 ± 1.34). More than half of the children (61%) had normal weight. The obtained VO2peak was 43.7 ± 6.5 ml/min/kg (106.7 ± 19.8% of the predictive values). Only 10% of the children had values lower than those predicted by sex and age. No correlations were found between VO2peak and anthropometric and pulmonary function variables. Conclu sion: Most of the evaluated children (90%) had physical capacity similar to healthy subjects by sex and age.

Resumen: Introducción: La fibrosis quística (FQ) es una enfermedad multisistémica hereditaria y progresiva. Una mejor capacidad física puede retardar la progresión de la enfermedad, mejorando así el pronós tico y la supervivencia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la capacidad física de los niños admitidos en el programa nacional de FQ de la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Pacientes y Método: Se utilizó un diseño de estudio transversal multicéntrico. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: niños de 6 a 12 años de edad, incluidos en el Programa Nacional de FQ, madurez sexual Tanner I, ausencia de exacerbaciones respiratorias en los últimos 30 días y ausencia de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas. La capacidad aeróbica máxima fue evaluada a través del consumo pico de oxígeno (VO2pico) y se determinó con un protocolo incremental en un cicloergómetro magnético conectado a un ergoespirómetro en el que paralelamente se analizaron los gases respiratorios: valores de consumo de oxí geno y producción de dióxido de carbono cada 30 segundos, umbral anaeróbico y carga máxima de trabajo. Además, se evaluaron los valores de capacidad vital forzada (CVF), volumen espiratorio al primer segundo (VEFj), relación VEFj/CVF y los flujos espiratorios forzados entre el 25 y 75% de la capacidad vital. Durante la prueba se registró: saturación arterial de oxígeno, frecuencia respiratoria, frecuencia cardíaca, presión arterial, volumen corriente y se consultó la percepción de fatiga de extre midades inferiores y disnea a través de la escala de Borg modificada. La duración aproximada del test fue alrededor de 10 minutos. Resultados: Se revisaron los registros clínicos de 43 niños, recogidos en seis centros de salud. Veintinueve niños cumplieron los criterios de inclusión siendo 23 reclutados. Dos niños no pudieron participar, reduciendo el grupo final de sujetos a 21 (13:8 varones:mujeres). La edad media fue de 8,8 ± 2 años; el peso fue de 30,5 ± 10,9 kg; la talla fue de 1,32 ± 0,11 m y el índice de masa corporal fue de 17,1 ± 3,5 (z-score 0,01 ± 1,34). Más de la mitad (61%) de los niños estaba eutrófico. El VO2pico obtenido fue de 43,7 ± 6,5 ml/min/kg (106,7 ± 19,8% de los valores teóricos de referencia). Sólo el 10% de los niños tenían valores inferiores a los valores teóricos esperados para población normal, ajustados por sexo y edad. No se encontraron correlaciones entre el VO2pico y las variables antropométricas y de función pulmonar. Conclusión: La mayoría de los niños evaluados (90%) tenían capacidad física similar a los valores teóricos de referencia para niños sanos ajustados por sexo y edad.

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Vitamin D levels and bone turnover markers are not related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese patients
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Díez Rodríguez, Rubén

; Ballesteros Pomar, María D.

; Calleja Fernández, Alicia

; Calleja Antolín, Sara

; Cano Rodríguez, Isidoro

; Linares Torres, Pedro

; Jorquera Plaza, Francisco

; Olcoz Goñi, José Luis

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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dec 2014, Volume 30 N. 6 Pages 1256 - 1262

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Morbidly obese patients usually present vitamin D deficiency or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Low vitamin D levels have been recently related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between vitamin D, bone turnover markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in severely obese patients. Methods: One hundred and ten patients who underwent bariatric surgery were included. Liver biopsy was taken during surgery. Two univariate analyses were carried out in order to i) analyse the relationship between liver histology and vitamin D-bone turnover markers (intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin and Carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks) and ii) establish the association between metabolic syndrome components-insulin resistance (HOMA) and vitamin D-bone turnover markers. Results: 70% of the patients had lower levels of vitamin D or secondary hyperparathyroidism. None of the components of liver histology were associated with levels of vitamin D or with bone turnover parameters. Patients with metabolic syndrome showed lower levels of PTH and osteocalcin (72,42 (29,47) vs 61.25(19.59) p-Value: 0.022; 19.79 (10.43) vs 16.87(10.25) p-Value: 0,028, respectively). HOMA was not related to Vitamin D or bone turnover markers. Conclusion: Low levels of vitamin D or hyperparathyroidism are common in severely obese patients. Vitamin D and bone metabolism markers were associated neither to NAFLD nor with metabolic syndrome in our series of obese morbid patients.

Antecedentes: los pacientes con obesidad mórbida presentan frecuentemente déficit de vitamina D o hiperparatiroidismo secundario. Presentar niveles bajos de vitamina D se ha asociado recientemente con el hígado graso no alcohólico (EHNA). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación de la vitamina D y los marcadores de recambio óseo con el hígado graso no alcohólico y el síndrome metabólico, en pacientes con obesidad mórbida. Métodos: Ciento diez pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica fueron incluidos, obteniéndose una biopsia hepática durante la cirugía. Dos análisis univariados se llevaron a cabo con el fin de: i) analizar la relación de la histología hepática con la vitamina D y marcadores de recambio óseo (hormona paratiroidea intacta (PTH), osteocalcina y enlaces cruzados de colágeno carboxi-terminal) y ii) establecer la asociación de los componentes del síndrome metabólico y resistencia a la insulina (HOMA) con los marcadores de recambio óseo y vitamina D. Resultados: El 70% de los pacientes presentaron niveles bajos de vitamina D o hiperparatiroidismo secundario. Ninguno de los componentes de la histología hepática resultó asociado con los niveles de vitamina D o con los parámetros de recambio óseo. Los pacientes con síndrome metabólico mostraron un nivel menor de PTH (72,42 (29,47) vs 61,25 (19,59) Valor p: 0.022) y de osteocalcina 19,79 (10,43) vs 16,87 (10,25) p-valor: 0.028). El HOMA no resultó relacionado con la vitamina D o con los marcadores de recambio óseo. Conclusión: Niveles bajos de vitamina D e hiperparatiroidismo secundario son hallazgos frecuentes en pacientes con obesidad mórbida en nuestro medio. Los marcadores de la vitamina D y recambio óseo no resultaron asociados con el hígado graso no alcohólico, ni con el síndrome metabólico en nuestra serie de pacientes obesos mórbidos.

https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2014.30.6.7948 359 downloads

Características Antropométricas de Futbolistas Profesionales Chilenos
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Jorquera Aguilera, Carlos

; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Fernando

; Torrealba Vieira, María Ignacia

; Campos Serrano, José

; Gracia Leiva, Natalia

; Holway, Francis

International Journal of Morphology

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jun 2013, Volume 31 N. 2 Pages 609 - 614

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The trend in the formation in football, determines that the anthropometric variables are important when defining among other things, the most suitable playing position. These morphological parameters are an essential part of the evaluation and selection of athletes. These patterns can determine the physical evolution of football from an early age, which helps tremendously in the operation thereof. Anthropometrically, a total of 406 professional footballers from 15 Chilean clubs were evaluated, of which 12 belong to the first division clubs and 3 to First B. There are differences in some basic anthropometric variables by playing position, which places us at a disadvantage compared to other international players, such as height. No differences in the Phantom or the somatotype by playing position, i.e. variables are relatively homogeneous. This could suggest that a player can perform at any position in the game, but we have seen that the height, weight and fat mass are different for each position, so that each player has their own characteristics and their role in the coaches and trainers should be fixed at the time of placing each player on their specific function.

La tendencia en la formación en el futbol, determina que las variables antropométricas sean importantes al momento de definir entre otras cosas, la posición de juego más idónea. Estos parámetros morfológicos son una parte esencial de la evaluación y selección de los deportistas. Estos patrones permiten determinar la evolución física del futbolista desde temprana edad, lo que ayuda enormemente en la intervención de los mismos. Se evaluó antropométricamente, a un total de 406 futbolistas profesionales, pertenecientes a 15 clubes chilenos, de los cuales 12 pertenecen a Primera División y 3 clubes a Primera B. Existen diferencias en algunas variables antropométricas básicas por posición de juego, que nos ponen en desventaja frente a otros jugadores internacionales, como la estatura. No hay diferencias en el Phantom ni en el somatotipo por posición de juego, es decir tienen variables relativamente homogéneas. Esto podría hacernos pensar que un jugador puede desempeñarse en cualquier posición de juego, pero hemos visto que la estatura, el peso y la masa grasa son distintas por cada posición, por lo que cada jugador tiene su función y sus propias características en las que los entrenadores y preparadores deben fijarse al momento de ubicar a cada jugador en su función específica.

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10.

Estudio multicéntrico para la validación de la versión en español del Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale
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Silva, Jaime R

; Behar, Rosa

; Cordella, Patricia

; Ortiz, Manuel

; Jaramillo, Karina

; Alvarado, Rubén

; Jorquera, María José

Revista médica de Chile

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dec 2012, Volume 140 N. 12 Pages 1562 - 1570

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: The Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale (EDDS) is a self-administered low cost psychometric instrument with excellent levels of temporal reliability and validity. Aim: To adapt and validate the EDDS in Chile. Material and Methods: Thefactorial structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability ofthe Spanish-language version of the EDDS was analyzed in a sample of1964 university and high school students. The concurrent validity was tested in a sample of 50 primary care patients with ED and 59 controls, comparing its results with those of a structured psychiatric interview (CIDI). Results: The EDDS showed a high internal consistency, moderate test-retest reliability, an appropriate factorial structure (in women) and an excellent convergent validity. Also, the diagnosis of ED obtained with the EDDS is moderately consistent with the structured psychiatric interview. Conclusions: The Spanish-language version of the EDDS showed a satisfactory psychometric behavior and a good capacity for detecting ED, according to the DSM criterion.

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11.

Digestion and energy value of macerated sudangrass hay used in growing-finishing diets for feedlot cattle
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Jorquera, Alejandro Plascencia

; Ponce, José Gerardo Serrano

; Sánchez-Mendoza, Berenice

; Serrano, Alberto Barreras

; Calderón-Cortés, José Fernando

; López-Soto, María Alejandra

; Montaño Gómez, Martín Francisco

; Zinn, Richard Avery

Scientia Agricola

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dec 2011, Volume 68 N. 6 Pages 615 - 619

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Mechanical maceration enhances site and extent of digestion of low-moisture, low-quality forages. Four Holstein steers (172 ± 8 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in 4x4 Latin square design to evaluate the process of mechanical maceration of sudangrass hay on the characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion. Treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based growing diet supplemented with 21 % forage (DM basis) as: i) wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, STRW), ii) sudangrass hay (Sorghum sudanense, SG), iii) macerated SG at intensity of 4,134 kPa (MAC600) and 4) macerated SG at intensity of 6,200 kPa (MAC900). All forages were ground to pass through a 3.8 cm screen before incorporation into complete mixed diets (21:79 forage to concentrate ratio). Maceration did not affect (p ≥ 0.17) on site and extent of OM, N and ADF, and DE of sudangrass supplemented diets. Characteristics of ruminal digestion of OM, ADF, starch, as well as, microbial efficiency (microbial N, g kg-1 of OM fermentad) and protein efficiency (nonammonia N, g g-1 of N intake) were not different (p ≥ 0.11) for wheat straw versus sudangrass supplemented diets. However, total tract digestion of OM, ADF, N, and DE diet were greater (p ≤ 0.05) for sudangrass than for wheat straw supplemented diets. Using the replacement technique, DE value of SG averaged 9.59 MJ kg-1, very close to the expected value given its chemical composition. Mechanical maceration did not enhance the feeding value of sudangrass hay. Increase the intensity of maceration from 4,134 to 6,200 kPa did not altered ruminal or total tract digestion of OM, NDF or energy value of processed hay

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12.

Evaluación in vitro de linezolid frente a Staphylococcus aureus meticilina resistentes aislados de infecciones osteo-articulares
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CASTILLO D., LORIANA

; ESPINOZA A, RICARDO

; CASTRO I., JOSE MIGUEL

; JORQUERA N., RICARDO

; HAYDEN F., ALBERTO

; NÚÑEZ V., NELSON

; RAMOS O., ANA MARÍA

; ACUÑA L., GUILLERMO

Revista chilena de infectología

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2001, Volume 18 N. 3 Pages 182 - 186

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

This work determines the "in vitro" susceptibility to linezolid of 64 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), isolated from infectious osteoarticular processes, and it is compared with that of teicoplanin. One hundred per cent of the strains isolated were inhibited by linezolid in concentrations between 0.25 and 3 µg/ml, and by teicoplanin in concentrations of 0.38 to 2 µg/ml. Linezolid MIC50 was 0.75 µg/ml and that of teicoplanin was 1µg/ml. For both antimicrobials, MIC90 was 1.5 µg/ml. The good "in vitro" evaluation of linezolid against MRSA and its excellent bio-availability when administered by the oral route makes it an attractive therapeutic option in the management of osteoarticular infections produced by MRSA. Nevertheless the use in this indication has not been approved yet by the Food and Drug Administration

En este trabajo se analiza la susceptibilidad in vitro de 64 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus meticilina resistentes (SAMR), aisladas de procesos infecciosos osteo-articulares frente a linezolid y se compara con la de teicoplanina. El 100% de las cepas analizadas fue inhibido por linezolid entre 0,25 y 3 µg/ml y por teicoplanina entre 0,38 y 2 µg/ml. La CIM50 de linezolid fue 0,75 µg/ml y la de teicoplanina fue 1 µg/ml. La CIM90 para ambos antimicrobianos fue 1,5 µg/ml. La buena evaluación in vitro de linezolid frente a SAMR y su excelente biodisponibilidad por vía oral, lo hacen una atractiva opción terapéutica en el manejo de las infecciones osteo-articulares causadas por SAMR. Sin embargo, su uso para esta indicación aún no ha sido aprobado por la Food and Drug Administration.

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