Abstract: The main objective of this study is to assess the impact on students of applying active teaching methodologies for programming in the Ingeniería Civil Informática degree program at the Universidad Viña del Mar (Chile). First year programming courses are found in nearly all engineering degree programs, especially in computer science. A questionnaire is applied to assess the relationship between students and course contents, at the beginning and at the end of the semester, by asking questions related to the first levels of Bloom's taxonomy. The results show that the application of active methodologies improves both course pass rates and the students’ abilities of remembering and understanding. However, there is no evidence to suggest that the ability to apply concepts is affected by active methodologies. It is concluded that active methodologies are effective when applied for teaching programming courses.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es monitorear el impacto de la aplicación de metodologías activas de enseñanza para programación en la carrera de Ingeniería Civil Informática de la Universidad Viña del Mar (Chile). Los cursos de programación se encuentran actualmente en casi todos los primeros niveles de las carreras de ingeniería, especialmente los relacionados con informática. Se aplica un cuestionario para diagnosticar la relación de los estudiantes con los contenidos, al inicio y al término del semestre, realizando preguntas relacionadas con los primeros niveles de la taxonomía de Bloom. Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de metodologías activas mejora la tasa de aprobación de la asignatura y mejora las habilidades de recordar y comprender de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia que demuestre si en la habilidad de aplicación hay algún impacto. Se concluye que las metodologías activas funcionan cuando son aplicadas en cursos de programación de computadoras.

Resumo: A lagosta vermelha tem um importante papel comercial no Brasil, porém, uma tendência de queda na produção de lagostas devido a sobrepesca tem sido observada e há também uma desvalorização do produto no mercado internacional devido à instabilidade no comprimento das lagostas comercializadas. Aqui no Brasil, detectamos dois problemas em relação à lagosta vermelha: (1) De acordo com estudos recentes, existem diferenças genéticas e morfológicas entre as populações caribenha e brasileira e; (2) Atualmente a legislação não considera os múltiplos estoques prováveis da espécie. Desta forma, os períodos de defeso sazonais não consideram os diferentes estoques, o que tem implicações diretas no manejo e na conservação. Logo, o reconhecimento da lagosta vermelha do Brasil como Panulirus meripurpuratus e investimentos em pesquisas biológicas e populacionais são fundamentais pra facilitar seu manejo considerando diferenças regionais nos seus estoques.

Abstract: The Spiny Red Lobster has an important commercial role in Brazil. However, a downward trend in the production of lobsters due to overfishing has been observed and there is also a devaluation of the product in the international market due to the instability in the size pattern of lobsters commercialized. Here in Brazil we detected two issues regarding the Spiny Red Lobster: (1) According to recent studies, there are genetic and morphological differences between Caribbean and Brazilian populations, which may be considered different species and; (2) Current legislation, such as seasonal closures, does not consider the multiple probable stocks of the species, which have direct implications in management and conservation. Thus, the recognition of the Spiny Red Lobster from Brazil as Panulirus meripurpuratus and investments on population and biological research are essential to improve its management considering regional stock differences.

Abstract: The main objectives of this work are to provide details of an exploratory research about women engineers in Chile and thus present results of the favorable labor situation of women engineers in Chile. The Chilean institutions of higher education offer a wide and varied proposal of higher studies in engineering with several majors. Despite this range of possibilities of studies in engineering, the number of women students is much lower than that of men, a situation not common in other university careers. The results show the relevance of mathematics and science education in primary and secondary school for women who complete an engineering career.

Resumen: Los principales objetivos de este trabajo son entregar detalles de un estudio exploratorio sobre las mujeres ingenieras en Chile y presentar resultados de la positiva realidad laboral en Chile de mujeres ingenieras. Las entidades chilenas de educación superior, ofrecen una amplia y variada propuesta de estudios superiores de ingeniería con diversas especialidades. A pesar del amplio rango de posibilidades de estudios en ingeniería, el número de mujeres estudiantes es mucho menor que los hombres, situación que no es común en otras carreras universitarias. Los resultados muestran la relevancia de la formación matemática y de ciencias tanto en la enseñanza básica y educación media para las mujeres que terminan exitosamente una carrera de ingeniería.

Resumo: O artigo é a tradução de um ensaio publicado originalmente em 1949, pela intelectual e ativista negra Claudia Jones na revista Political Affairs. No ensaio, Jones demonstra as origens e as múltipmas dimensões da dinâmica do sistema de opressão a que eram submetidas mulheres negras e critica a inabilidade dos comunistas estadunidenses em mobilizá-las. Ao argumentar que as mulheres negras compunham a fração superexplorada da classe trabalhadora, a autora as posiciona como parecela central da militância internacional contra o fascismo e o imperialismo.

Abstract: The article is a Portuguese translation of an essay originally published in 1949 by black intellectual and activist Claudia Jones in Political Affairs magazine. In the essay, Jones outlines the origins and dimensions of Black women’s oppression and criticizes the inability of communists to mobilize them. In arguing that black women comprised the superexploited segment of the working class, the author centers their political militancy in the global struggle against of fascism and imperialism.

The aim of this study was to identify entomopathogenic fungi infecting spiders (Araneae) in a protected area of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The Araneae species identified was Stenoterommata platensis. The pathogens identified were Lecanicillium aphanocladii Zare & W. Gams, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel Jones & Samson and Ophiocordyceps caloceroides (Berk & M.A. Curtis). This study constitutes the southernmost records in the world and contributes to expanding the knowledge of the biodiversity of pathogenic fungi of spiders in Argentina.

ABSTRACT Gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases during childhood, with norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) being two of its main causes. This study reports for the first time the incidence of these viruses in hospitalized children with and without gastroenteritis in São Luís, Maranhão. A total of 136 fecal samples were tested by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for the detection of NoV and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of both NoV and SaV. Positive samples for both agents were subjected to sequencing. The overall frequency of NoV as detected by EIA and RT-PCR was 17.6% (24/136) and 32.6% (15/46), respectively in diarrheic patients and 10.0% (9/90) in non-diarrheic patients (p < 0.01). Of the diarrheic patients, 17% had fever, vomiting and anorexia, and 13% developed fever, vomiting and abdominal pain. Of the 24 NoV-positive samples, 50% (12/24) were sequenced and classified as genotypes GII.3 (n = 1), GII.4 (6), GII.5 (1), GII.7 (2), GII.12 (1) and GII.16 (1). SaV frequency was 9.8% (11/112), with 22.6% (7/31) in diarrheic patients and 4.9% (4/81) in nondiarrheic (p = 0.04) ones. In diarrheic cases, 27.3% had fever, vomiting and anorexia, whereas 18.2% had fever, anorexia and abdominal pain. One SaV-positive sample was sequenced and classified as GII.1. These results show a high genetic diversity of NoV and higher prevalence of NoV compared to SaV. Our data highlight the importance of NoV and SaV as enteropathogens in São Luís, Maranhão.

Objetivo.Evaluar la presencia de síntomas depresivos en pacientes con coronariopatía en el preoperatorio de cirugía de revascularización del miocardio (CRVM) en el municipio de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal realizado con 63 pacientes hospitalizados quienes esperaban una CRVM. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron dos instrumentos: uno para la caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica y otro para la evaluación de presencia de síntomas depresivos (Inventario de Depresión de Beck -IDB). Resultados. La edad media fue de 58 años; la mayoría era de sexo masculino (60.3%); tenía compañero (81%), y presentaba baja escolaridad (71.4%, con estudios incompletos de primaria). Dentro de los pacientes, el 36.5% clasificó en disforia y un 25.4% presentaba algún grado de depresión (6.3% leve, 17.5% moderada y 1.6% grave. El grupo de pacientes que tenía menor grado de escolaridad presentó mayor presencia de síntomas depresivos. Conclusión. Seis de cada diez pacientes con coronariopatía presentó disforia o algún grado de depresión. Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a la planeación de la asistencia de enfermería a los pacientes después de CRVM, así como en el desarrollo de políticas públicas en salud que garanticen la atención integral y de calidad, considerando la depresión como una variable que puede interferir en la recuperación después de la cirugía cardíaca.

Objective.To assess the presence of depressive symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease in the preoperative period for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Methods. A cross-sectional study with 63 hospitalized patients prior to CABG. Two instruments were used for data collection; one for the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the other to evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results. The mean age was 58 years; most were male (60.3%); with a partner (81%) low educational level (71.4% attended school through elementary school). Among the patients, 36.5% were classified with dysphoria, and 25.4% had some degree of depression (6.3% mild, 17.5% moderate, and 1.6% severe). The group of patients with lower educational level presented higher depressive symptoms. Conclusion. Six of every ten patients with coronary artery disease showed dysphoria or some degree of depression. The results of this study can support the planning of nursing care for patients before and after CABG, as well as the development of public health policies to ensure complete, quality care for these patients, understanding depression as a variable that can interfere with recovery after cardiac surgery.

Objetivo.Avaliar a presença de sintomas depressivos de pacientes com coronariopatia no pré-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRVM). Métodos. Estudo de corte transversal realizado com 63 pacientes hospitalizados aguardando a CRVM no município de Aracaju, estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Para a coleta dos dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos, um para a caracterização sócio-demográfica e clínica, e outro para avaliação da presença de sintomas depressivos, o Inventario de Depressão de Beck (IDB). Resultados. A idade média foi de 58 anos; a maioria era do sexo masculino (60.3%); tinha companheiro(a) (81%) e apresentava baixa escolaridade (71.4% estudou até o ensino fundamental incompleto). Entre os pacientes, 36.5% foram classificados com disforia e 25.4% apresentaram algum grau de depressão (6.3% leve, 17.5% moderada e 1.6% grave). O grupo de pacientes que tinha menor grau de escolaridade apresentou maiores sintomas depressivos. Conclusão. Seis de cada dez pacientes com coronariopatia apresentaram disforia ou algum grau de depressão. Os resultados deste estudo podem subsidiar o planejamento da assistência de enfermagem à pacientes, antes e após a CRVM, assim como o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de saúde que garantam o atendimento integral e de qualidade a esses pacientes, considerando a depressão como uma variável que pode interferir na recuperação após a cirurgia cardíaca.

Background. Although new immunosuppressive therapies have signifcantly improved the clinical progression of kidney transplants, acute and chronic rejection continue to limit long-term graft survival. Despite this, the aim of the study was to determine the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies class I and class II in children with acute renal graft rejection. Methods. Patients with graft rejection were included in the study. A serum sample for anti-HLA antibody measurement class I and II by Luminex was taken at the time of renal biopsy. Results. Seventeen patients (81%) had cellular rejection and four (19%) antibody-mediated rejection. Mean post-transplant time of rejection was 18.7 months and 36.7 months for humoral rejection and cellular rejection, respectively. Eleven patients (52.3%) had donor specific (DS) antibodies. Anti-HLA class I DS was found in six patients including the four patients with humoral rejection (Fisher exact test p =0.004); 95.2% had non-DS antibodies. Conclusions. Of the children with acute renal graft rejection, 95% have anti HLA antibodies (DS and/or non-DS). Anti-HLA DS class I are more frequent in humoral rejection.

Introducción. A pesar de que las nuevas terapias inmunosupresoras han mejorado notablemente la evolución clínica de los trasplantes renales, los rechazos agudo y crónico siguen limitando la sobrevida a largo plazo del injerto. En base a lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de anticuerpos séricos contra antígenos de histocompatibilidad (HLA) clase I y clase II en niños con rechazo agudo del injerto renal. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio clínico prospectivo en pacientes con trasplante renal que presentaron rechazo agudo del injerto. Se les tomó muestra de suero al momento de la biopsia renal, misma que fue utilizada para la detección de anticuerpos contra antígenos HLA de clase I y II por ensayo basado en equipo fuoroanalizador (Luminex) y microperlas cubiertas con antígenos clase I y clase II de One Lambda. Resultados. De 21 pacientes estudiados, 17 pacientes (81%), fueron diagnosticados con rechazo celular y cuatro (19%) con rechazo agudo mediado por anticuerpos. El tiempo post-trasplante promedio de presentación del rechazo humoral agudo fue de 18.7 meses y para el rechazo celular de 36.7 meses. Once pacientes (52.3%) presentaron anticuerpos específicos contra el donador. Los anticuerpos contra antígenos HLA clase I donador específicos se encontraron en seis pacientes, siendo más frecuente el rechazo agudo mediado por anticuerpos (humoral), donde todos los pacientes tuvieron anti HLA clase I con Chi cuadrada (P =0.004). En cuanto a los anticuerpos inespecíficos, el 95.2% de los pacientes desarrollaron este tipo de anticuerpos. Conclusiones. El 95% de los niños con rechazo del injerto renal presentan anticuerpos anti HLA, específicos y/o no específicos contra el donador. Los anticuerpos anti HLA donador específicos clase I se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el rechazo humoral.

The aging process is associated with alterations in the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems. Autonomic changes related to aging involve parasympathetic and sympathetic alterations leading to a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Several studies have suggested that physical exercise is effective in preventing deleterious changes. Chronic exercise in geriatrics seems to be associated with improvement in the cardiovascular system and seems to promote a healthy lifestyle. In this review, we address the major effects of aging on the autonomic nervous system in the context of cardiovascular control. We examine the use of chronic exercise to prevent cardiovascular changes during the aging process.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the energy expenditure in patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis while walking with canes of different lengths. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study (single-group) was carried out on thirty patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis. An adjustable aluminum cane was used, and three different cane lengths were determined for each subject: C1 - length from the floor to the greater trochanter; C2 - length from the floor to the distal wrist crease; and C3 - length obtained by the formula: height x 0.45 + 0.87 m. Resting and walking heart rates were measured with a Polar hear rate meter. Walking speed was calculated by the time required for the patient to walk 10 m. Gait energy cost was estimated using the physiological cost index, and results were compared. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 25 women and five men (average age of 68 years). Statistically significant differences in physiological cost index measurements were observed between unassisted walking and assisted walking with a cane of any length (p<0.001), as well as between walking with a C2-length cane and unassisted walking, and walking with a C1-length cane and walking with a C3-length cane (p=0.001; p = 0.037; p=0.001; respectively). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that small alterations in the length of canes used for weight-bearing ambulation in patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis increase the energy expenditure measured by the physiological cost index during walking. Further studies are needed for a more precise quantification of the increase in energy expenditure during cane-assisted gait and an assessment of the effectiveness of cane use in relieving pain and improving function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.