This article re-reads John 20:1-29 to foreground the normal, the post-normal and the new normal realities within the Johannine resurrection narrative. The narrator of John demonstrates the normal situational aspects by taking into consideration the setting, characterisation, thematic development, point of view and plot development of the story in closer relationship with the temporal and spatial mechanisms. The ordinary, local and existent realities are expressed to reveal the colourless human experiences in relation to the divine aspects within the narrative framework. The resurrection of Jesus introduces a post-normal situation within the Sitz im Leben Jesu and the Sitz im Leben Kirche. The post-normal situation was introduced by placing the story of Lazarus at a strategic place (Jn 11:1-45) and thereafter by unfolding the essentials such as speed, scope, scale and spontaneity. The unfolding of the divine within the existential human realities created a post-normal situation where the Johannine community had to undergo expulsion and persecution from the side of the dominant structures. The narrator gives the reader a hope about a new normal situation above and beyond the existent struggles of the Johannine community. CONTRIBUTION: This article presents a new perspective concerning the normal, the post-normal and the new normal realities and dynamism within John 20:1-29 and suggests a new way forward in interpreting the Fourth Gospel by taking into consideration the existential aspects of the COVID-19 and Omicron pandemic situations. As a contextual and theological interpretation of the Fourth Gospel, this article fits well within the scope of HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation persuades a reader of the Fourth Gospel to interpret the Scripture in new lights. In the contemporary context, the gospel of John has the potential to attune the attention of the reader towards the existential struggles of the people with myriad interpretative possibilities. The Jews often twinned sinfulness and sickness together, and in that light, they considered Jesus as a social sinner and his followers as a diseased community. The Johannine narrator realigns the struggles of the Sitz im Leben Kirche dynamically within the Sitz im Leben Jesu to present his defensive rhetoric. The Johannine community was composed of those who suffered quarantine, social isolation, sicknesses, resource deficiencies and continuous cleansing processes in the socio-religious and politico-cultural setting of their life. Jesus as the creator of the universe and the giver of life provides them hope in the midst of suffering and liberates them from the clutches of dehumanisation and marginalisation. A realignment of the Sitz im Leben COVID-19 within the framework of the Sitz im Leben Jesu/Sitz im Leben Kirche would guide us during the difficult times.CONTRIBUTION: This article contributes to the reader a wider hermeneutical framework and a new way forward in interpreting the Fourth Gospel by taking into consideration the ongoing struggle of humanity across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. As a narrative, contextual and theological interpretation of the Fourth Gospel, the current article fits well within the scope of HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies

OBJECTIVE: To document the use of active management of the third stage of labour for preventing postpartum haemorrhage and to explore factors associated with such use in seven developing countries. METHODS: Nationally representative samples of facility-based deliveries were selected and observed to determine the use of active management of the third stage of labour and associated factors. Policies on active management were assessed through document review and interviews with relevant professionals. FINDINGS: Use of a uterotonic during the third or fourth stages of labour was nearly universal. Correct use of active management of the third stage of labour was found in only 0.5% to 32% of observed deliveries due to multiple deficiencies in practice. In every country except Indonesia, policies regarding active management were conflicting. CONCLUSION: Developing countries have not targeted decreasing postpartum haemorrhage as an achievable goal; there is little use of active management of the third stage of labour, and policies regarding such management often conflict. Studies are needed to identify the most effective components of active management so that the most efficient package of practices can be promoted.

OBJETIVO: Documentar el uso de métodos de manejo activo de la tercera etapa del parto para prevenir la hemorragia posparto y estudiar los factores asociados a ese uso en siete países en desarrollo. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron y observaron muestras representativas a nivel nacional de partos ocurridos en servicios a fin de determinar la frecuencia de los casos de manejo activo de la tercera etapa del parto y los factores asociados. Las políticas sobre el manejo activo se evaluaron analizando diversos documentos y entrevistando a los profesionales pertinentes. RESULTADOS: El uso de uterotónicos durante la tercera o cuarta etapas del trabajo de parto era casi universal. Pero el manejo activo de la tercera etapa del trabajo de parto sólo se hizo correctamente en un 0,5%-32% de los partos observados, pues las prácticas adolecían de muchas deficiencias. En todos los países, salvo en Indonesia, las políticas relativas al manejo activo eran contradictorias. CONCLUSIÓN: Los países en desarrollo todavía no se han focalizado en la disminución de la hemorragia posparto como un objetivo alcanzable; apenas se hace un manejo activo de la tercera etapa del trabajo de parto, y las políticas sobre dicho manejo son a menudo contradictorias. Es necesario emprender estudios para determinar los componentes más eficaces del manejo activo a fin de poder promover el conjunto más eficiente de prácticas en esa esfera.

OBJECTIF: Documenter l'application de la prise en charge active du troisième stade du travail dans le but de prévenir les hémorragies post-partum et étudier les facteurs de risque associés à cette application dans sept pays en développement. MÉTHODES: Des échantillons représentatifs au niveau national des accouchements en établissement de santé ont été sélectionnés et observés pour évaluer l'utilisation de la prise en charge active du troisième stade du travail et identifier les facteurs associés. Les politiques en faveur de cette prise en charge ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation s'appuyant sur une revue bibliographique et des entretiens avec les professionnels concernés. RÉSULTATS: Le recours aux utérotoniques pendant le troisième ou le quatrième stade du travail était quasi-universel. On a relevé un usage correct de la prise en charge active du troisième stade du travail pour seulement 0,5 à 32 % des accouchements observés en raison de nombreux défauts dans les pratiques. Dans tous les pays excepté l'Indonésie, les politiques concernant la prise en charge active étaient contradictoires. CONCLUSION: Les pays en développement ne visent pas la diminution des hémorragies post-partum en tant qu'objectif réalisable. Ils font peu usage de la prise en charge active du troisième stade du travail et les politiques concernant cette prise en charge sont souvent contradictoires. Des études sont nécessaires pour identifier les composantes les plus efficaces de la prise en charge active de manière à promouvoir un ensemble de pratiques le plus efficient possible.