Abstract Objective To evaluate the performance of the Berlin Questionnaire, the STOP-Bang Questionnaire, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in screening for the disease in adults of different age groups by comparing them with polysomnography. Methods Cross-sectional study with prospective patient allocation, in which individuals underwent a medical interview, completion of the three screening instruments, and polysomnography. Individuals were categorized into three age groups: 18-39, 40-59, and ≥60 years. The results of the screening instruments were compared to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders—third edition. Performance was assessed using 2 × 2 contingency tables, estimating sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, and accuracy. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were also constructed and the area under the curve was estimated for each instrument by age group. Results We obtained a sample with 321 individuals suitable for analysis. The mean age was 50 years, with a predominance of females (56%). The prevalence of the disease in the overall sample was 79%, more prevalent in males in any age group and more frequent in the middle age group. The analyzes revealed that STOP-Bang performed better, both for the overall sample and for all age groups, followed by Berlin Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Conclusion In an outpatient setting with individuals with characteristics similar to those in this study, it seems sensible to choose the STOP-Bang as a screening tool for the disease, regardless of age group. Level of evidence according the guide for authors: level 2.

Abstract Clusia grandiflora belongs to an important botanical family which is known for its medicinal value, however there are few reports in literature about the species, highlighting the relevance of this study. Anatomical studies with leaves and stems were performed using traditional techniques. In this investigation it was identified particularities of the species such as the presence of vascular system arranged in an opened arc-shaped with the flexed ends towards the inside of the arch with accessory bundles in the petiole. In histochemical studies, performed with different reagents, alkaloids, phenols substances, carbohydrates and lipids were located. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was performed by tetrazole salt and showed promising results for ethanolic extracts of stems (IC50 human colon cells of 24.30 μg/ mL) and leaves (IC50 ascites gastric cells of 44.15 μg/ mL), without cell membrane disruption of erythrocytes. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by tryptic soy agar and minimal inhibitory concentration assays and showed positive results for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, with better result for adventitious roots (32 μg/ mL and 16 μg/ mL, respectively), stems (64 μg/ mL and 32 μg/ mL, respectively) and leaves (64 μg/ mL and 32 μg/ mL, respectively) ethanolic extracts. Thus, these studies were able to characterize the species and show its potential as promising source of active substances.

RESUMO Com base em documentos de agências governamentais, este artigo analisa a política dos EUA em relação aos golpes militares perpetrados no Brasil (1964), no Chile (1973) e na Argentina (1976) em um período em que o tema dos direitos humanos emergia na esfera pública, desafiando a lógica de contrainsurgência da Guerra Fria. Argumenta-se que o dilema criado pelo dano à imagem dos EUA devido à associação com regimes autoritários foi encarado com base na avaliação, caso a caso, sobre os riscos que um recuo traria para seus interesses econômicos, políticos e de segurança. Em um processo histórico que levaria posteriormente à eleição de Jimmy Carter, a linguagem dos direitos humanos foi sendo progressivamente incorporada na política externa estadunidense, primeiro a contragosto, em seguida de forma estratégica, em momentos quando se avaliou que nem os negócios nem a segurança estadunidense estavam ameaçados.

ABSTRACT Based on documents from governmental agencies, this paper analyses US policy regarding the military coups in Brazil (1964), Chile (1973) and Argentina (1976) in a period when concerns about human rights were rising in the US public sphere, challenging the Cold War logic of counterinsurgency. We argue that the dilemma created by the damage to the image of the US due to its association with authoritarian regimes was addressed in terms of a case-by-case evaluation of the risks a retreat would pose to the economic, political and security interests of the US. In a historical process that would later lead to Jimmy Carter’s election, the language of human rights was progressively incorporated into US foreign policy, first unwillingly and then strategically, at moments when neither the businesses nor the security of the US were threatened.

RESUMEN Con base en documentos de agencias gubernamentales, este artículo analiza la política de los EEUU en relación a los golpes militares de Brasil (1964), Chile (1973) y Argentina (1976), en un período en el cual el tema de los derechos humanos emergía en la esfera pública, desafiando la lógica de contrainsurgencia de la Guerra Fría. Se argumenta que el dilema creado por el daño a la imagen de los EEUU debido a su asociación con regímenes autoritarios fue encarado con base en la evaluación, caso a caso, de los riesgos que un retroceso traería para sus intereses económicos, políticos y de seguridad. En un proceso histórico que llevaría posteriormente a la elección de Jimmy Carter, el lenguaje de los derechos humanos fue progresivamente incorporado por la política externa estadunidense, primero contra su voluntad, en enseguida de manera estratégica, en momentos en los cuales se evaluó que ni los negocios, ni la seguridad de los EEUU estaban amenazados.

Ao discutir o acesso à documentação produzida nos anos 1960 e 1970 pela ditadura militar brasileira, abordam-se os seguintes temas: a natureza da transição democrática, o histórico da legislação de arquivos e as características específicas dos arquivos da repressão política. Sustenta-se que o direito à intimidade, embora seja o elemento que restringe na prática o acesso a parte desse acervo, não tem sido tema de debates públicos, devido à (aparente) incompatibilidade entre a reivindicação dos movimento sociais de acesso irrestrito às fontes da ditadura militar, de ordem coletiva, e a proteção da intimidade, de ordem individual.

Discussing the access to documents produced in the 1960's and 1970's by the Brazilian military dictatorship, the article emphasizes some points: the nature of the democratic transition, the history of archives legislation, the characteristics of the archives of political repression. It is argued that the right to privacy, although being the element that, in practice, restricts access to part of this documentation, has not yet been the subject of public debate, due to the (apparent) incompatibility between the demands of social movements to unrestricted access to the sources of military dictatorship, at the collective level, and the protection of privacy, at the individual level.

L'article discute l'accès à la documentation produite dans les années 1960 et 1970 par la dictature militaire brésilienne, en déployant les points suivants: la nature de la transition démocratique, l'histoire de la législation d'archives, les spécificités des archives de la répression politique. L'hypothèse soutenue st que le droit à l'intimité, bien qu'il restreigne, dans la pratique, l'accès à une partie de cette documentation, n'a pas encore été sujet de débats publics, en vue de l'apparente incompatibilité entre la revendication des mouvements sociaux d'accès illimité aux sources de la dictature militaire, d'ordre collectif, et la protection de l'intimité, d'ordre individuel.