ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy among Brazilian women with preterm births and to compare the epidemiological characteristics and perinatal outcomes among preterm births of women with and without hypertension. Methods This was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth. During the study period, all women with preterm births were included and further split into two groups according to the occurrence of any hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Prevalence ratios were calculated for each variable. Maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and gestational and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups using χ2 and t-tests. Results A total of 4,150 women with preterm births were included, and 1,169 (28.2%) were identified as having hypertensive disorders. Advanced maternal age (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.49) and obesity (PR= 2.64) were more common in the hypertensive group. The gestational outcomes were worse in women with hypertension. Early preterm births were also more frequent in women with hypertension. Conclusion Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were frequent among women with preterm births, and provider-initiated preterm births were the leading causes of premature births in this group. The factors significantly associated with hypertensive disorders among women with preterm births were obesity, excessive weight gain, and higher maternal age. hypertension crosssectional cross sectional Birth period variable care χ ttests. ttests t tests. tests t-tests 4150 4 150 4,15 1169 1 169 1,16 28.2% 282 28 2 (28.2% PR (PR 2.49 249 49 PR= 2.64 264 64 group providerinitiated provider initiated gain 415 15 4,1 116 16 1,1 28.2 (28.2 2.4 24 2.6 26 6 41 4, 11 1, 28. (28. 2. (28 (2 (

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a adesão das prescrições médicas de medicamentos às recomendações para segurança do paciente por meio do checklist - Lista de Verificação de Segurança na Prescrição de Medicamentos. Método: trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, realizado entre maio a junho de 2022, com 341 prescrições médicas de medicamentos, numa emergência hospitalar no interior da Bahia - Brasil, cujos dados foram analisados através de análise descritiva. Resultados: 80% a 89% das prescrições tiveram adesão às recomendações de segurança; o item de maior adesão foi identificação da data da prescrição, menor adesão foi possuir medicamentos com nomes semelhantes identificados com caixa alta ou negrito. Cerca de 18,63% (n=514) dos medicamentos prescritos fazem parte da lista de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos de uso hospitalar. Conclusão: a avaliação das prescrições médicas de medicamentos evidenciou barreiras existentes na prática clínica, o que possibilita a elaboração de mecanismos mais efetivos para promoção da segurança do paciente. Objetivo Medicamentos Método tratase trata se observacional transversal 2022 34 Brasil descritiva Resultados 80 89 prescrição negrito 1863 18 63 18,63 n=514 n514 n 514 (n=514 Conclusão clínica 202 3 8 186 1 6 18,6 n=51 n51 51 (n=51 20 18, n=5 n5 5 (n=5 2 n= (n= (n

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the adherence of medical prescriptions to patient safety recommendations using the Medication Prescription Safety Checklist. Method: This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out between May and June 2022, with 341 medical prescriptions for medicines in a hospital emergency room in the interior of Bahia - Brazil, whose data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. Results: 80% to 89% of the prescriptions adhered to the safety recommendations; the item with the highest adherence was identification of the date of the prescription, and the lowest adherence was having drugs with similar names identified in upper case or bold. Around 18.63% (n=514) of the drugs prescribed are on the list of potentially dangerous drugs for hospital use. Conclusion: The evaluation of medical prescriptions for medicines highlighted existing barriers in clinical practice, which makes it possible to develop more effective mechanisms to promote patient safety. Objective Checklist Method observational crosssectional cross sectional 2022 34 Brazil analysis Results 80 89 prescription bold 1863 18 63 18.63 n=514 n514 n 514 (n=514 use Conclusion practice 202 3 8 186 1 6 18.6 n=51 n51 51 (n=51 20 18. n=5 n5 5 (n=5 2 n= (n= (n

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la adhesión de las prescripciones médicas a las recomendaciones de seguridad del paciente utilizando la checklist - Lista de verificación de la Seguridad de la Prescripción de Medicamentos. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal, realizado entre mayo y junio de 2022, con 341 prescripciones médicas de medicamentos, en la sala de urgencias de un hospital del interior de Bahia - Brasil, cuyos datos fueron analizados mediante análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Entre el 80% y el 89% de las prescripciones cumplieron las recomendaciones de seguridad; el punto con mayor cumplimiento fue la identificación de la fecha de la prescripción, y el de menor cumplimiento, que los medicamentos con nombres similares se identificaran en mayúsculas o en negrita. Alrededor del 18,63% (n=514) de los medicamentos prescriptos figuran en la lista de medicamentos potencialmente peligrosos de uso hospitalario. Conclusiones: La evaluación de las prescripciones médicas de medicamentos puso de manifiesto los obstáculos existentes en la práctica clínica, lo que permite desarrollar mecanismos más eficaces para promover la seguridad de los pacientes. Objetivo Medicamentos Método observacional transversal 2022 34 Brasil descriptivo Resultados 80 89 prescripción negrita 1863 18 63 18,63 n=514 n514 n 514 (n=514 hospitalario Conclusiones clínica pacientes 202 3 8 186 1 6 18,6 n=51 n51 51 (n=51 20 18, n=5 n5 5 (n=5 2 n= (n= (n

ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to compare the maternal and perinatal characteristics and outcomes between women with and without diabetes in a Brazilian cohort of women with preterm births. Methods This was an ancillary analysis of the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth, which included 4,150 preterm births. This analysis divided preterm births into two groups according to the presence of diabetes; pregestational and gestational diabetes were clustered in the same Diabetes Group. Differences between both groups were assessed using χ 2 or Student’s t tests. Results Preterm births of 133 and 4,017 women with and without diabetes, respectively, were included. The prevalence of diabetes was 3.2%. Pregnant women aged ≥35 years were more common in the Diabetes Group (31.6% versus 14.0% non-diabetic women, respectively). The rate of cesarean section among patients with diabetes was 68.2% versus 52.3% in non-diabetic cases), with a gestational age at birth between 34 and 36 weeks in 78.9% of the cases and 62.1% of the controls. Large-for-gestational-age babies were 7 times more common in the Diabetes Group. Conclusion Preterm birth among Brazilian women with diabetes was more than twice as prevalent; these women were older and had regular late preterm deliveries, usually by cesarean section. They also had a greater frequency of fetal morbidities, such as malformations and polyhydramnios, and a higher proportion of large-for-gestational-age and macrosomic neonates. Birth 4150 4 150 4,15 Students Student s tests 13 4017 017 4,01 respectively 32 3 3.2% 35 ≥3 31.6% 316 31 6 (31.6 140 14 0 14.0 nondiabetic non diabetic respectively. . respectively) 682 68 68.2 523 52 52.3 cases, , cases) 789 78 9 78.9 621 62 1 62.1 controls Largeforgestationalage Large for prevalent deliveries morbidities polyhydramnios largeforgestationalage large neonates 415 15 4,1 401 01 4,0 3.2 ≥ 31.6 (31. 14. 68. 5 52. 78. 62. 41 4, 40 3. 31. (31 (3 (

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar padrões espaciais em casos de lactentes com alterações de crescimento e desenvolvimento relacionadas à infecção pelo vírus Zika e outras etiologias infecciosas (neste trabalho denominado de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika), notificados no Maranhão de 2015 a 2018 e sua relação com variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de casos suspeitos notificados de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika nos 217 municípios do Maranhão, Brasil. Calculou-se a autocorrelação espacial pelos índices de Moran local e global (I) univariado e bivariado da taxa de detecção de casos suspeitos de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika com índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal, densidade demográfica, índice de Gini e tempo de emancipação político-administrativa dos municípios. O índice de Moran local foi calculado para localizar clusters com autocorrelação espacial significativa. Resultados: Houve autocorrelação espacial na análise univariada da taxa municipal de detecção de casos suspeitos de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika (I=0,494; p=0,001) e, na análise bivariada, correlação positiva da taxa de detecção de casos suspeitos com índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal (I=0,252; p=0,001), densidade demográfica (I=0,338; p=0,001) e tempo de emancipação dos municípios (I=0,134; p=0,001). Não houve correlação significativa da taxa de detecção de casos suspeitos com o índice de Gini (I= -0,033; p=0,131). Cinco clusters de alta detecção de casos suspeitos foram encontrados em áreas distintas do estado. Conclusões: Os municípios com maior índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal, maior densidade demográfica e mais tempo de emancipação político-administrativa tiveram mais casos suspeitos notificados de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify spatial patterns in cases of changes in growth and development related to Zika virus infection and other infectious etiologies (denominated Zika virus congenital syndrome in this study) reported in Maranhão from 2015 to 2018 and their relation with socioeconomic and demographic variables. Methods: Ecological study of notified Zika virus congenital syndrome cases in the 217 cities of Maranhão, Brasil. Spatial autocorrelation was calculated using GeoDa 1.14 software and the local and global (I) Moran’s index in univariate and bivariate analyses on Zika virus congenital syndrome incidence rate with Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), population density, Gini coefficient and the cities’ time of administrative political emancipation. Local Moran’s Index was calculated to identify clusters with significant spatial autocorrelation. Results: Spatial autocorrelation was checked in univariate analysis of the incidence rate of Zika virus congenital syndrome (I=0,494; p=0,001) and positive correlation in bivariate analysis of the incidence rate with Municipal Human Development Index (I=0,252; p=0,001), population density (I=0,338; p=0,001) and the cities’ time of administrative political emancipation (I=0,134; p=0,001). The correlation between incidence rate with Gini coefficient was not significant (I= -0,033; p=0,131). Five high-incidence clusters were found in distinct areas of the state. Conclusions: Cities with higher MHDI, higher population density and more years of administrative political emancipation had more cases of Zika virus congenital syndrome notified.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar padrões espaciais em casos de lactentes com alterações de crescimento e desenvolvimento relacionadas à infecção pelo vírus Zika e outras etiologias infecciosas (neste trabalho denominado de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika), notificados no Maranhão de 2015 a 2018 e sua relação com variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de casos suspeitos notificados de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika nos 217 municípios do Maranhão, Brasil. Calculou-se a autocorrelação espacial pelos índices de Moran local e global (I) univariado e bivariado da taxa de detecção de casos suspeitos de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika com índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal, densidade demográfica, índice de Gini e tempo de emancipação político-administrativa dos municípios. O índice de Moran local foi calculado para localizar clusters com autocorrelação espacial significativa. Resultados: Houve autocorrelação espacial na análise univariada da taxa municipal de detecção de casos suspeitos de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika (I=0,494; p=0,001) e, na análise bivariada, correlação positiva da taxa de detecção de casos suspeitos com índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal (I=0,252; p=0,001), densidade demográfica (I=0,338; p=0,001) e tempo de emancipação dos municípios (I=0,134; p=0,001). Não houve correlação significativa da taxa de detecção de casos suspeitos com o índice de Gini (I= -0,033; p=0,131). Cinco clusters de alta detecção de casos suspeitos foram encontrados em áreas distintas do estado. Conclusões: Os municípios com maior índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal, maior densidade demográfica e mais tempo de emancipação político-administrativa tiveram mais casos suspeitos notificados de síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify spatial patterns in cases of changes in growth and development related to Zika virus infection and other infectious etiologies (denominated Zika virus congenital syndrome in this study) reported in Maranhão from 2015 to 2018 and their relation with socioeconomic and demographic variables. Methods: Ecological study of notified Zika virus congenital syndrome cases in the 217 cities of Maranhão, Brasil. Spatial autocorrelation was calculated using GeoDa 1.14 software and the local and global (I) Moran’s index in univariate and bivariate analyses on Zika virus congenital syndrome incidence rate with Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), population density, Gini coefficient and the cities’ time of administrative political emancipation. Local Moran’s Index was calculated to identify clusters with significant spatial autocorrelation. Results: Spatial autocorrelation was checked in univariate analysis of the incidence rate of Zika virus congenital syndrome (I=0,494; p=0,001) and positive correlation in bivariate analysis of the incidence rate with Municipal Human Development Index (I=0,252; p=0,001), population density (I=0,338; p=0,001) and the cities’ time of administrative political emancipation (I=0,134; p=0,001). The correlation between incidence rate with Gini coefficient was not significant (I= -0,033; p=0,131). Five high-incidence clusters were found in distinct areas of the state. Conclusions: Cities with higher MHDI, higher population density and more years of administrative political emancipation had more cases of Zika virus congenital syndrome notified.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the relationship of age at menarche and leptin with the metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MUH) phenotypes in adolescent girls in different body mass index (BMI) categories. Method: an observational and cross-sectional study consisting of 139 female adolescents attended to at the Adolescent Reference Center in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro.: Menarche was classified as early (EM) when the first menstruation occurred at or before 11 years of age; normal menarche (NM) was categorized at ages 12 to 14; menarche was considered late (LM) when it occurred at age 15 or older. The factors required to ascertain the subjects' phenotype, as well as their leptin levels, weight, and height, were measured and their BMIs were calculated. The girls were classified as MH or MUH based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria as adapted for children and adolescents. Results: 82 % (n = 114) of the girls were classified as MH and 18 % (n = 25) as MUH. Mean age at menarche was 11.79 ± 1.39 years. There was a higher prevalence of MUH amongst the girls who had EM (p = 0.04). A higher inadequacy of serum leptin concentrations was found in girls who had EM (p = 0.05) and in those classified as MUH (p = 0.01). The adolescents who were severely obese exhibited inadequate leptin levels (p < 0.01) and had gone through EM (p = 0.02). A total of 8.1 % (n = 7) of the normal-weight girls were classified as MUH, and 29.4 % (n = 5) of those who were severely obese were classified as MH (p < 0.01). Conclusion: early menarche and high serum leptin concentrations are related with the MUH phenotype in adolescent girls in different BMI categories.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la relacion de la edad de la menarquia y los niveles de leptina con los fenotipos metabolicamente saludables (MS) y metabolicamente no saludables (MNS) en adolescentes de diferentes categorias de indice de masa corporal (IMC). Método: estudio observacional y transversal compuesto por 139 adolescentes de sexo feminino, atendidas en el Centro de Referencia para Adolescentes de Macae, Rio de Janeiro. La menarquia se clasifico como precoz (MP) cuando se produjo la primera menstruacion a o antes de los 11 anos de edad; la menarquia normal (MN) se clasifico como aquella sucedida a la edad de 12 a 14 anos; la menarquia se consider tardia (MT) cuando ocurrio a los 15 anos o mas. Se midieron los factores necesarios para determinar el fenotipo de los sujetos, y se midieron sus niveles de leptina, peso y altura, y se calculo su IMC. Las adolescentes se clasificaron como MS y MNS segun los criterios de NCEP-ATP III, adaptados para ninos y adolescentes. Resultados: el 82 % (n = 114) de las adolescentes se clasificaron como MH y el 18 % (n = 25) como MUH. La edad media de la menarquia fue de 11,79 ± 1,39 anos. Hubo una mayor prevalencia de MUH entre las adolescentes que tenian MP (p = 0,04). Se encontro una mayor insuficiencia de las concentraciones sericas de leptina en las adolescentes que tenian MP (p = 0,05) y en aquellas clasificadas como MNS (p = 0,01). Las adolescentes que eran severamente obesas exhibieron niveles inadecuados de leptina (p < 0,01) y habian pasado por una MP (p = 0,02). El 8,1 % (n = 7) de las adolescentes de peso normal se clasificaron como MNS y el 29,4 % (n = 5) de las que eran severamente obesas se clasificaron como MS (p < 0,01). Conclusión: la menarquia temprana y las altas concentraciones sericas de leptina estan relacionadas con el fenotipo MNS en las adolescents de diferentes categorias de IMC.

ABSTRACT Background: Carbapenem-resistance in healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) is of great concern, and it is urgent to improve surveillance. We aimed to describe and analyze HCAIs trends on Gram-negative antimicrobial susceptibility in a city from a developing country, following the implementation of an active surveillance program. Methods: This is an aggregated study describing data from 24 hospitals with intensive care units, including a trend analysis by Joinpoint regression between January 2012 and December 2017. Results: There were 23,578 pathogens in 39,832 HCAIs, from which 16,225 were Gram-negatives (68.8%). Carbapenem susceptibility was lowest in A. baumannii (15.4–25.9%), K. pneumoniae (51.0–55.9%), and P. aeruginosa (64.9–84.1%) and highest in E. coli (96.5–99.2%). Only K. pneumoniae showed a significant Joinpoint at 95% confidence interval: −10.71% (−18.02; −2.75) from 2012 to 2014, p = 0.02, and 6.54% (−2.00; 15.83) from 2015 to 2017, p = 0.12, which was most influenced by urinary tract infections: −9.98% (−16.02; −3.48) from 2012 to 2014, p = 0.01, and 9.66% (−1.75; 22.39) from 2015 to 2017, p = 0.09. Conclusion: Although we found a significant change toward an improvement in carbapenem susceptibility in K. pneumoniae, resistance is high for most pathogens. These data should encourage health institutions to improve their prevention and control strategies.

RESUMEN Bixa orellana L. es ampliamente utilizado como un tinte y tiene otras propiedades que han sido poco estudiadas, especialmente en relación con las hojas. Este artículo evalúa cómo el secado B. orellana L. influye en las propiedades de los aceites esenciales (EOs) extraídos de sus hojas. El material vegetal recogido se sometió al horno de secado por aire convectivo a temperaturas de 35, 45 y 55 °C. Los perfiles químicos fueron determinados por GC-MS. Se aplicaron modelos matemáticos para representar el proceso de secado y el análisis estadístico realizado utilizando el software Statistica 10. Las EO se obtuvieron a través de la técnica de hidrodestilación con verificación de propiedades fisicoquímicas y actividad antimicrobiana. Para el ensayo de toxicidad se aplicó el bioensayo a Artemia salina. A través de los resultados obtenidos fue posible determinar el modelo matemático que se ajustaba mejor. Se observaron diferencias significativas en las propiedades de los EO. La temperatura de 45 °C permitió obtener el mejor rendimiento de EO, porque la actividad antimicrobiana fue más eficiente. Este estudio afirma a través de las actividades analizadas que la temperatura de secado influye en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas de las EO. Estudios como este evalúan el mejor modelo matemático para predecir el secado, así como las temperaturas específicas que influyen en las propiedades del producto obtenido.

SUMMARY Bixa orellana L. is widely used as a dye, and other properties are still little studied, especially in relation to leaves. This article evaluates how drying B. orellana L. influences the properties of essential oils (EOs) extracted from their leaves. The collected plant material was submitted to convective air-drying oven at temperatures of 35, 45 and 55 °C. Chemical profiles were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Mathematical models were applied to represent the drying process and statistical analysis performed using Statistica 10 software. The EO's were obtained through the hydrodistillation technique with verification of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity by the Disc Diffusion Method. For the toxicity test, the bioassay was applied to Artemia salina. Through the results obtained it was possible to determine that the mathematical model of Verma was the one that best fitted the experimental data. Significant differences in the properties of EO's were observed. The temperature of 45 °C allowed obtaining the best EO yield, still presenting the most efficient antimicrobial activity. This study states through the activities analyzed that the drying temperature influences the physicochemical and biological properties of the EO's, thus requiring studies such as this one that evaluate the best mathematical model to predict drying as well as the specific temperatures that influence the properties of the product obtained.

The current pandemic of COVID-19 - Coronavirus Disease-19, caused by the pathogen SARS-Cov-2, responsible for thousands of deaths in 2020, has mobilized the scientific community, who aim to understand the different aspects of the disease and propose new treatments and prevention modalities. Research in several areas is evaluating the extent of infection and kidney disorders related to the virus. The aim of this study is to describe the effects of COVID-19 on the renal system. Final considerations point to the main complications of the effects of infection and renal disorders caused by COVID-19, such as acute kidney injury and a consequent increase in the disease’s poor prognosis.

Abstract Introduction: vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is one of the biggest problems in public health worldwide, and night blindness (NB) is the first functional change caused by deficiency of this vitamin. In this context, electroretinography stands out as the gold-standard diagnostic method; however, it is a high-cost method and its applicability in clinical practice presents some difficulties. Objective: to compare NB diagnosis through the use of the standardized interview issued by the World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) and with electroretinography, and to evaluate the association of these diagnoses with serum concentrations of retinol in individuals with class III obesity. Methods: adult patients of both genders, in the 20-60 years age group, with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m², were studied. NB was diagnosed through electroretinography and the standardized interview validated by the WHO/PAHO. Serum retinol was quantified by the HPLC-UV method, and VAD was diagnosed when levels were < 1.05 μmol/L; severity was also evaluated. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21.0 (p< 0.05). Results: mean BMI was 44.9 ± 11.8 kg/m², and a negative correlation was found for serum levels of retinol (p= 0.01). The prevalence of VAD, according to the serum concentration of retinol, was 14 %; of this percentage 23.3 % had NB according to the standardized interview, and 22.0 % according to electroretinography. NB as diagnosed by both methods showed an association with VAD according to serum concentrations of retinol. Of these individuals with NB, according to the standardized interview, 6.9 % had severe VAD, 10.3 % moderate VAD, and 82.8 % marginal VAD. Conclusion: the standardized interview for the diagnosis of NB can be a good strategy to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin A, and it is a simple, non-invasive, low-cost method.

Resumen Introducción: la deficiencia de vitamina A (DVA) es uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a escala mundial, y la ceguera nocturna (CN) es el primer cambio funcional causado por la falta de esta vitamina. En este contexto, la electrorretinografía se destaca como el método de diagnóstico de referencia; sin embargo, es un método de coste elevado y su aplicabilidad en la práctica clínica presenta algunas dificultades. Objetivo: comparar el diagnóstico de CN mediante el uso de la entrevista estandarizada de la Organización Mundial de la Salud/Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OMS/OPS) con la electrorretinografía, y también evaluar la asociación de estos diagnósticos con las concentraciones séricas de retinol en las personas con obesidad de clase III. Métodos: se estudiaron pacientes adultos de ambos sexos, en el grupo de 20 a 60 años de edad y con IMC ≥ 40 kg/m². La NB se diagnosticó mediante electrorretinografía y la entrevista estandarizada validada por la OMS/OPS. El nivel sérico de retinol se cuantificó mediante el método HPLC-UV, y el DVA se diagnosticó cuando los niveles eran < 1.05 µmol/l; también se evaluó la gravedad. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través del Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales, versión 21.0 (p < 0,05). Resultados: el IMC promedio fue de 44,9 ± 11,8 kg/m² y se encontró una correlación negativa en los niveles séricos de retinol (p = 0,01). La prevalencia de DVA, según las concentraciones séricas de retinol, fue del 14 %; de este porcentaje, el 23,3 % tenían NB de acuerdo con la entrevista estandarizada y el 22,0 % según la electrorretinografía. La NB diagnosticada por ambos métodos mostró asociación con el DVA según las concentraciones séricas de retinol. De estos individuos con NB, según la entrevista estandarizada, el 6,9 % tenían VAD grave, el 10,3 % VAD moderado y el 82,8 % VAD marginal. Conclusión: la entrevista estandarizada para el diagnóstico de NB puede ser una buena estrategia para evaluar el estado nutricional de la vitamina A y es un método simple, no invasivo y de bajo coste.

Resumo Para verificar a associação entre capacitação em aleitamento materno e conhecimentos, habilidades e práticas profissionais, foi conduzido estudo transversal nos 15 hospitais com mais de 1000 partos/ano do município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistados 215 profissionais, sendo 48,4% em Hospitais Amigos da Criança, por adaptação de questionário de reavaliação desta iniciativa. Os três desfechos, dicotomizados, foram utilizados em análises bivariadas e multivariadas, sendo obtidas razões de prevalência ajustadas por modelo de regressão de Poisson. Dos profissionais, 48,1% tinham conhecimentos; 58,9% habilidades e 74,9% práticas adequadas. A capacitação teórico-prática ≥ 18 horas, considerada adequada, presente em 65,6% dos profissionais, mostrou associação significativa com conhecimentos (RPa = 1,575), habilidades (RPa = 1,530) e práticas (RPa = 1,312). Profissionais com menor tempo de trabalho apresentaram menos conhecimentos (RPa = 0,723), mas relataram melhores práticas (RPa = 1,183). A enfermagem relatou melhores práticas em relação aos médicos (RPa = 0,808) e a outras categorias (RPa = 0,658). Conclui-se que a capacitação contribui para o aprimoramento de conhecimentos, habilidades e práticas em aleitamento materno, fundamentais à assistência materno-infantil.

Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted in the 15 hospitals with over 1000 deliveries/year in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to verify the association between training of health professionals in breastfeeding and professional knowledge, skills and practices. Interviews were staged with 215 health professionals, 48.4% working in Baby-Friendly Hospitals, by means of a questionnaire adapted from the revalidation instrument of the initiative. The three dichotomized outcomes were subjected to bivariate and multivariate analysis. Adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained by the Poisson regression model: 48.1% of the professionals had adequate knowledge, 58.9% adequate skills and 74.9% reported adequate practice. Theoretical and practical training ≥ 18 hours considered adequate (by 65.6% of the professionals) showed a significant association with professional knowledge (aPR = 1.575), skills (aPR = 1.530) and practices (aPR = 1.312). Less working experience was associated with less knowledge (aPR = 0.723), but with better practices (aPR = 1.183). Nursing staff reported better practices than physicians (aPR = 0.808) and other categories (aPR = 0.658). The study concludes that training contributes to improved breastfeeding knowledge, skills and practices that are essential for maternal and child care.

Resumo Para verificar a associação entre capacitação em aleitamento materno e conhecimentos, habilidades e práticas profissionais, foi conduzido estudo transversal nos 15 hospitais com mais de 1000 partos/ano do município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistados 215 profissionais, sendo 48,4% em Hospitais Amigos da Criança, por adaptação de questionário de reavaliação desta iniciativa. Os três desfechos, dicotomizados, foram utilizados em análises bivariadas e multivariadas, sendo obtidas razões de prevalência ajustadas por modelo de regressão de Poisson. Dos profissionais, 48,1% tinham conhecimentos; 58,9% habilidades e 74,9% práticas adequadas. A capacitação teórico-prática ≥ 18 horas, considerada adequada, presente em 65,6% dos profissionais, mostrou associação significativa com conhecimentos (RPa = 1,575), habilidades (RPa = 1,530) e práticas (RPa = 1,312). Profissionais com menor tempo de trabalho apresentaram menos conhecimentos (RPa = 0,723), mas relataram melhores práticas (RPa = 1,183). A enfermagem relatou melhores práticas em relação aos médicos (RPa = 0,808) e a outras categorias (RPa = 0,658). Conclui-se que a capacitação contribui para o aprimoramento de conhecimentos, habilidades e práticas em aleitamento materno, fundamentais à assistência materno-infantil.

Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted in the 15 hospitals with over 1000 deliveries/year in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to verify the association between training of health professionals in breastfeeding and professional knowledge, skills and practices. Interviews were staged with 215 health professionals, 48.4% working in Baby-Friendly Hospitals, by means of a questionnaire adapted from the revalidation instrument of the initiative. The three dichotomized outcomes were subjected to bivariate and multivariate analysis. Adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained by the Poisson regression model: 48.1% of the professionals had adequate knowledge, 58.9% adequate skills and 74.9% reported adequate practice. Theoretical and practical training ≥ 18 hours considered adequate (by 65.6% of the professionals) showed a significant association with professional knowledge (aPR = 1.575), skills (aPR = 1.530) and practices (aPR = 1.312). Less working experience was associated with less knowledge (aPR = 0.723), but with better practices (aPR = 1.183). Nursing staff reported better practices than physicians (aPR = 0.808) and other categories (aPR = 0.658). The study concludes that training contributes to improved breastfeeding knowledge, skills and practices that are essential for maternal and child care.

RESUMO Objetivo Compreender a percepção de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial sobre o cuidado no contexto do consumo de drogas. Métodos Estudo fundamentado na Fenomenologia de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, desenvolvido no segundo semestre do ano de 2015. Foram realizados dois encontros de Grupo Focal, com dez usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas. Os dados foram submetidos à técnica Analítica da Ambiguidade. Resultados O consumo de drogas ora proporciona ao consumidor sensações de prazer, ora contribui para a ocorrência de prejuízos biopsicossociais e/ou novas possibilidades de relação com a droga. Conclusões O consumo de drogas constitui-se em um processo ambíguo, que corresponde à percepção de diferentes perfis de cuidado na relação do consumidor com a droga. Cabe aos profissionais de saúde reconhecer as diversas possibilidades de cuidado e favorecer a construção de projetos terapêuticos baseados na escuta e respeito às necessidades dos consumidores de drogas.

ABSTRACT Objective To understand the perception of users of a Psychosocial Care Center about care in the context of drug use. Methods Study based on the Phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, developed in the Center for Psychosocial Care Alcohol and Other Drugs. The data has been submitted to the Analytical Technique of Ambiguity. Results The drug use sometimes provides the consumer with pleasurable feelings, sometimes contributing to the occurrence of biopsychosocial harm and/or new possibilities for relationship with the drug. Conclusions The drug use is an ambiguous process, which corresponds to the perception of different care profiles in the relationship between the consumer and the drug. It is up to the health professionals to recognize the diverse possibilities of care and to favor the construction of therapeutic projects based on listening and respecting the needs of drug users.

RESUMEN Objetivo Comprender la percepción de los usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial en la atención en el contexto del uso de drogas. Métodos Estudio basado en la fenomenología de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, desarrollado en la segunda mitad de 2015. Se realizaron dos reuniones de grupos de discusión con diez usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial de alcohol y otras drogas. Los datos fueron sometidos a la técnica analítica de ambigüedad. Resultados El consumo de drogas a veces proporciona las sensaciones de placer de consumo, a veces contribuye a la aparición de pérdidas biopsicosociales y/o nuevas posibilidades de relación con la droga. Conclusiones La experiencia con la droga se encuentra en un proceso ambiguo, que es la percepción de los diferentes perfiles de cuidado en la relación del consumidor con la droga. Es necesario al profesional de la salud reconocer las diversas posibilidades de cuidado y promover la construcción de proyectos terapéuticos basados en la escucha y el respeto a las necesidades de los usuarios de drogas.

ABSTRACT Objective To understand the perception of users of a Psychosocial Care Center about care in the context of drug use. Methods Study based on the Phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, developed in the Center for Psychosocial Care Alcohol and Other Drugs. The data has been submitted to the Analytical Technique of Ambiguity. Results The drug use sometimes provides the consumer with pleasurable feelings, sometimes contributing to the occurrence of biopsychosocial harm and/or new possibilities for relationship with the drug. Conclusions The drug use is an ambiguous process, which corresponds to the perception of different care profiles in the relationship between the consumer and the drug. It is up to the health professionals to recognize the diverse possibilities of care and to favor the construction of therapeutic projects based on listening and respecting the needs of drug users.

RESUMEN Objetivo Comprender la percepción de los usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial en la atención en el contexto del uso de drogas. Métodos Estudio basado en la fenomenología de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, desarrollado en la segunda mitad de 2015. Se realizaron dos reuniones de grupos de discusión con diez usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial de alcohol y otras drogas. Los datos fueron sometidos a la técnica analítica de ambigüedad. Resultados El consumo de drogas a veces proporciona las sensaciones de placer de consumo, a veces contribuye a la aparición de pérdidas biopsicosociales y/o nuevas posibilidades de relación con la droga. Conclusiones La experiencia con la droga se encuentra en un proceso ambiguo, que es la percepción de los diferentes perfiles de cuidado en la relación del consumidor con la droga. Es necesario al profesional de la salud reconocer las diversas posibilidades de cuidado y promover la construcción de proyectos terapéuticos basados en la escucha y el respeto a las necesidades de los usuarios de drogas.

RESUMO Objetivo Compreender a percepção de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial sobre o cuidado no contexto do consumo de drogas. Métodos Estudo fundamentado na Fenomenologia de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, desenvolvido no segundo semestre do ano de 2015. Foram realizados dois encontros de Grupo Focal, com dez usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas. Os dados foram submetidos à técnica Analítica da Ambiguidade. Resultados O consumo de drogas ora proporciona ao consumidor sensações de prazer, ora contribui para a ocorrência de prejuízos biopsicossociais e/ou novas possibilidades de relação com a droga. Conclusões O consumo de drogas constitui-se em um processo ambíguo, que corresponde à percepção de diferentes perfis de cuidado na relação do consumidor com a droga. Cabe aos profissionais de saúde reconhecer as diversas possibilidades de cuidado e favorecer a construção de projetos terapêuticos baseados na escuta e respeito às necessidades dos consumidores de drogas.

Abstract OBJECTIVE Unveil the perception of students from basic education about drugs. METHODS Phenomenological study based on Maurice Merleau-Ponyt, conducted with 14 students of a school in Bahia, Brazil, through the Focus Group, in the months of April to June of 2013. The reports have been analyzed based on the Ambiguity Analytics technique. RESULTS They have been presented in the form of three categories: common sense and scientific knowledge occupy opposite locus; drug addicts; the good and evil of legal and illegal drugs. CONCLUSIONS The students' perception of drugs intertwined with scientific knowledge and at the same time placing it at the center of the phenomenon, separating the lawful as good and illicit as bad, which points to the need for socio-educational measures among educators, students and family members, aimed at the decentralization of the drug place in the context in which the phenomenon happens so that we understand the complexity involved in the theme.

Resumen OBJETIVO Conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de educación básica sobre las drogas. MÉTODOS Estudio fenomenológico basado en Maurice Merleau-Ponty, realizado con 14 estudiantes en el interior de una escuela de Bahía, Brasil, a través de un grupo de enfoque, los meses de abril a junio de 2013, las historias fueron analizados sobre la base de la técnica Analítica Ambigüedad. RESULTADOS Se presentan en forma de tres categorías: el sentido común y el conocimiento científica ocupan locus opuesto; drogadictos; el bien y el mal de las drogas legales e ilegales. CONCLUSIÓN La percepción de los estudiantes sobre las drogas entrelazadas al conocimiento científico y al mismo tiempo colocándola en el centro del fenómeno, separando las lícitas como buenas e ilícitas como malas, apunta a la necesidad de medidas socioeducativas, entre educadores, estudiantes y familiares, que visen Descentralizar el lugar de la droga en el contexto en que el fenómeno ocurre para que comprendamos la complejidad involucrada en el tema.

Resumo OBJETIVO desvelar a percepção de estudantes da educação básica sobre drogas. MÉTODOS Estudo fenomenológico fundamentado em Maurice Merleau-Ponty, realizado com 14 estudantes em escola do interior da Bahia, Brasil, por meio do Grupo Focal, entre abril e junho de 2013, os relatos foram analisados com base na Analítica da Ambiguidade. RESULTADOS Foram apresentados em três categorias: senso comum e conhecimento científico ocupam locus opostos; droga vicia; o bem e o mal das drogas lícitas e ilícitas. CONCLUSÕES a percepção dos estudantes sobre as drogas entrelaçada ao conhecimento científico e, ao mesmo tempo colocando-a no centro do fenômeno, separando as lícitas como boas e ilícitas como más, aponta para a necessidade de medidas socioeducativas, entre educadores, estudantes e familiares, que visem descentralizar o lugar da droga no contexto em que o fenômeno acontece para que compreendamos a complexidade envolvida no tema.