RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, de base cualitativa, fue identificar las resoluciones del MERCOSUR sobre la gestión de residuos de productos agrotóxicos en los alimentos publicadas entre los años 1991 y 2022 y analizar los procesos de armonización regional de esos marcos y su incorporación al marco regulatorio de los Estados Partes fundadores del bloque (Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay). En el análisis se identificaron puntos importantes para la regulación y el seguimiento de la gestión de residuos de productos agrotóxicos en los alimentos en el MERCOSUR, tales como los sinónimos utilizados en la definición de productos agrotóxicos y la amplitud del sistema regulatorio de cada país, las diferencias más destacadas en el alcance de los principales marcos regulatorios nacionales, la desigualdad de la incorporación de los reglamentos regionales e internacionales por parte de los Estados Partes y los desafíos para la armonización de la legislación sobre residuos de productos agrotóxicos en los alimentos en el ámbito del MERCOSUR. Además de los limitados avances observados en el intento de armonizar la legislación pertinente dentro del bloque, existe la necesidad de avanzar, a nivel nacional y regional, en los procesos regulatorios sobre la gestión de residuos de productos agrotóxicos en los alimentos, asegurando la calidad de los productos y servicios ofrecidos a la población y fortaleciendo así el comercio de alimentos más inocuos producidos a partir de procesos menos nocivos para el medioambiente en el MERCOSUR.

ABSTRACT The objective of this descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative basis was to identify MERCOSUR resolutions on pesticide residues in food issued between 1991 and 2022, analyzing the regional harmonization processes of these milestones and their incorporation into the regulatory framework of MERCOSUR founding Member States (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay). The analysis identified important points for the regulation and monitoring of pesticide residues in food in MERCOSUR, such as the synonyms used in the definition of pesticides and the scope of the regulatory system in each country, the marked differences in the scope of the main national regulatory frameworks, the unequal incorporation of international and regional regulations by the Member States and the challenges for harmonizing legislation on pesticide residues in food within MERCOSUR. In addition to the limited advances observed in the attempt to harmonize the relevant legislation within the bloc, there is a need to advance, nationally and regionally, in the processes to regulate pesticide residues in food, so as to ensure the quality of the products and services provided to the population and also to strengthen safer agro/food trade that relies on processes that are less harmful to the environment.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo descritivo e exploratório, de base qualitativa, foi identificar as resoluções do MERCOSUL sobre resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos publicadas entre 1991 e 2022, analisando os processos de harmonização regional desses marcos e sua incorporação ao arcabouço regulatório dos Estados Partes fundadores do bloco (Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai). A análise identificou pontos importantes para a regulação e o monitoramento de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos no MERCOSUL, como as sinonímias utilizadas na definição de agrotóxicos e a abrangência do sistema regulatório de cada país, as marcadas diferenças no alcance dos principais marcos regulatórios nacionais, a incorporação desigual de regulamentos internacionais e regionais pelos Estados Partes e os desafios para a harmonização da legislação sobre resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos no âmbito do MERCOSUL. Para além dos limitados avanços observados na tentativa de harmonizar a legislação pertinente dentro do bloco, observa-se a necessidade de avançar, nacional e regionalmente, nos processos regulatórios sobre resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos, garantindo a qualidade dos produtos e serviços ofertados à população e fortalecendo, assim, um comércio de alimentos mais seguros e produzidos a partir de processos menos prejudiciais ao ambiente no MERCOSUL.

Abstract The increasing number of reports of web-based experiences on the success of Cannabis-based therapies in controlling seizures in children suffering from refractory epilepsy have led to efforts by governments and associations to a recent change in legislation. The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) allowed the import of Cannabis extracts in 2015 and the registration of the first industrialized drug in 2017. In 2019, ANVISA approved procedures for the granting of a Sanitary Authorization for manufacturing and imports, establishing marketing requirements, prescribing, dispensing, monitoring and surveillance of cannabis products for medicinal purposes. Similar to other consumer products of health concern, is necessary to ensure the quality and health safety of these products worldwide. The aim of the present study to evaluate the presence of As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr and Mn present in Cannabis extracts and resins used in the treatment of pediatric patients with neurological diseases. Samples (48 national and 24 imported) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry - ICP-MS. The imported extracts presented more homogeneous inorganic element values, while national extracts showed varied levels, thus indicating the highest health risk.

Abstract An analytical method applying ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was validated for the determination of aflatoxins M2, M1, G2, G1, B2, B1, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, fumonisins B1 and B2, hydrolyzed fumonisins B1 and B2, zearalenone and sterigmatocystin in crackers. The obtained recoveries (70 to 110%) and relative standard deviations (< 13%) were considered satisfactory. Method limits of quantification ranged from 0.20 µg kg-1 (sterigmatocystin) to 12.27 µg kg-1 (deoxynivalenol). The validated method was then applied for mycotoxin determination in 60 cracker samples (cream crackers and water and salt crackers) obtained from the metropolitan area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 were found, respectively, in 100, 50 and 28% of the analyzed samples. The maximum permissible limits established by Brazilian legislation for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were not exceeded in the analyzed samples.

Abstract There is a growing concern about health and food safety when it comes to processed food. In the present study, it has been hypothesized that tomato sauces contain high amounts of metals possibly leached from packaging. Concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Sn and Sb were determined by ICP-MS in tomato sauces stored in metallic, plastic, cellulosic and glass packaging. Packaging composition was determined by XRF. This study has also determined Cr and Sn content, by GF AAS, in simulant solutions prepared to be in contact with the four types of packaging. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the concentrations of metals in products stored in different types of packaging (p>0.05), except for Sn and Ni. Canned products presented higher concentrations of tin (0.19 mg/kg); and nickel contents showed a range of 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg. The only metal that was in higher concentration than the established by law (0.1 mg/kg) was Cr (mean value of 0.3 mg/kg). The XRF identified the presence of chromium in plastic, cellulosic and metallic packaging, and tin only in cans. For simulant solution, the tin from cans was the only identified migrant and chromium migration was not detected.

RESUMO: A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) é uma planta originária da América do Sul, consumida habitualmente na Argentina, Paraguai, Uruguai e no sul do Brasil. Pesquisas, recentes, detectaram na erva-mate a presença de muitas vitaminas e metais. Esses metais podem fazer parte da composição mineral da planta ou por contaminação dos solos e águas pelo uso de fertilizantes, pesticidas, combustão de carvão e óleo, emissões veiculares, mineração, fundição, refinamento e incineração de resíduos urbanos e industriais. Independente da sua origem, os metais são acumulados em todos os tecidos das plantas, sendo desta forma introduzidos na cadeia alimentar. Alguns desses elementos inorgânicos são considerados tóxicos, como arsênico, cádmio e chumbo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar e comparar as concentrações de metais na erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) comercializadas e consumidas nos diferentes estados do sul do Brasil. 104 amostras foram coletadas em supermercados no sul do Brasil: Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) e Rio Grande do Sul (RS). A determinação da concentração de As, Cd, Pb foi feita por espectrometria de massa por plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS), modelo Nexion 300D (Perkin Elmer). As concentrações de As, Cd e Pb em folhas de erva-mate variaram de 0,015-0,15mg kg-1; 0,18-1,25mg kg-1 e 0,1-1,20mg kg-1. 84% do RS, 63% do PR e 75% do SC, a concentração de Cd na erva mate foi superior ao limite estabelecido (0,4mg kg-1), pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), 7% do RS, 5% do PR foram insatisfatórias para Pb e a concentração de As ficou abaixo do limite estabelecido (0,6mg kg-1).

ABSTRACT: “Mate” or “Yerba Mate” (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native South American plant, commonly consumed in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and southern Brazil. Recent research has detected the presence of many vitamins and metals in this plant. Theses metals are also part of yerba mate’s mineral composition, due to soil and water contamination by pesticides and fertilizers, coal and oil combustion, vehicle emissions, mining, smelting, refining and the incineration of urban and industrial waste. Regardless of their origin, some inorganic elements, such as arsenic, cadmium and lead, are considered toxic, since they accumulate in all plant tissues and are, thus, introduced into the food chain. In this context, the aim of the present study was to determine and compare arsenic, cadmium, lead concentrations in 104 samples of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) marketed, and consumed in three southern Brazilian States, namely Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Each element was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), on a Nexion 300D equipment (Perkin Elmer). As, Cd and Pb concentrations in yerba mate leaves ranged from 0.015 to 0.15mg kg-1, 0.18 to 1.25mg kg-1 and 0.1 to 1.20mg kg-1, respectively. Regarding Cd, 84% of the samples from RS, 63% from PR and 75% from SC showed higher concentrations than the maximum permissible limit of 0.4mg kg-1 established by the Brazilian National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), while 7% of the samples from RS and 5% from PR were unsatisfactory for Pb. Concentrations were below the established ANVISA limit of 0.6mg kg-1 for all samples.

Samples of whole fluid pasteurized, UHT and powdered milk were analyzed for the presence of organophosphorus pesticide residues (OPR) using the QuEChERS method with detection by GC-FPD and confirmation by UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 23% of fluid milk samples and 27% of powdered milk samples contained at least one organophosphorus residue. The OPR found in the samples showed these can reach the milk and remain even after pasteurization, sterilization and drying processes. Some domestic sanitary residues were also present in the powdered milk samples. These residues have no LMR in Brazilian food legislation and are therefore not taken into account in food intake evaluations. There was an unidentified chromatographic peak in 30% of all the liquid and powdered milk samples, indicating the presence of some other contaminant.

As concentrações de vinte e cinco elementos (Al, As, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V e Zn) foram determinadas em três cogumelos comestíveis, Lentinula edodes (Shiitake), Pleurotus ostreatusi (Shimeji preto) e Pleurotus eryngii (Cardoncello) provenientes de Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas durante o ano de 2010 e o preparo efetuado por secagem, trituração, pré-digestão ácida e mineralização em mufla. As técnicas analíticas utilizadas na determinação dos elementos foram a espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado e a absorção atômica com chama. Dois materiais de referência certificados, Apple Leaves e Mussel Tissue, foram utilizados para a avaliação do procedimento analítico e valores de recuperação em torno de 98 % foram obtidos. Os resultados demonstraram que os cogumelos estudados apresentam altos teores de Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn e Zn, contendo mais de 30% das quantidades recomendadas para ingestão diária desses nutrientes, conforme a legislação brasileira. Esses cogumelos possuem uma razão Na/K muito baixa e os níveis de alguns contaminantes, Cd, Pb e As, estão abaixo dos limites máximos permitidos pela legislação em vigor.

The concentrations of twenty-five elements (Al, As, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb , Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V and Zn) were determined in three edible mushrooms, Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), Black Shimeji (Pleurotus ostreatusi) and Cardoncello (Pleurotus eryngyii) from Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Samples were collected along the year 2010 and their preparations were made after drying, milling, an acid pre-digestion and a decomposition procedure in a muffle furnace. The analytical techniques employed for the elements determination were Mass Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Two certified reference materials, Apple Leaves and Mussel Tissue, were used for the evaluation of the analytical procedure and recovery values around 98% were obtained. The results showed that the analyzed mushrooms have high levels of Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn containing more than 30% the recommended daily intake for these nutrients according to Brazilian legislation. These mushrooms presented a very low ratio Na/K. Regarding the levels of some contaminants, the mushrooms had concentrations of Cd, Pb and As below the recommended maximum limits allowed by Brazilian legislation.

This paper regards the implementation of the QuEChERS method for the analysis by GC-FPD of 53 different pesticides from the organophosphate class, in whole UHT and pasteurized milk. Selectivity, linearity, repeatability, recovery and limits of detection and quantification were evaluated. Of all pesticide recoveries, 51 were considered satisfactory since the values ranged from 70 to 120% with RSD < 20%. The quantification limits ranged from 0.005 to 0.4 mg kg-1. The QuEChERS method was suitable for determination of 52 pesticides, presenting several advantages - quick, cheap, easy, effective, rugged and safe - with regard to other traditional methodologies.

As mensagens sobre alimentação veiculadas nos meios de comunicação merecem atenção, pois estudos apontam que a mídia exerce papel fundamental na formação de novos hábitos alimentares. Visando atender a um novo perfil de consumidores preocupados com a saúde e o bem-estar físico e interessada nesse mercado promissor, a indústria intensifica as estratégias de estímulo ao consumo de determinadas categorias de alimentos, como os produtos diet e light. Este estudo analisou 20 peças publicitárias de alimentos veiculadas em revistas e jornais de circulação nacional entre junho e outubro de 2006, contemplando: o emissor; o destinatário; a linguagem e a mensagem. Constatou-se que o discurso publicitário focou principalmente as mulheres, propondo o consumo sem culpa e prometendo a combinação entre estética e saúde. Na busca da valorização do produto, as peças publicitárias secundarizaram informações nutricionais relevantes, outras realizaram combinações perigosas para a saúde, como a associação do alimento a medicamentos e a indução a substituição de refeições pelo produto em questão. Os resultados sinalizam a necessidade de se ampliar a discussão sobre as estratégias da publicidade de alimentos, pois o direito do cidadão à informação e à saúde não podem estar subjugados a valores de mercado.

Current advertising messages for food products deserve special attention, since they indicate that the media has played a central role in shaping new eating habits. The food industry, seeking to serve a new customer segment (increasingly preoccupied with health and physical well-being), and with a specific interest in this promising market, has intensified its marketing strategies for stimulating consumption of diet and light food products. This study analyzed 20 food advertisements published from June to October 2006 in Brazilian magazines and newspapers with nationwide circulation. The following elements were analyzed in the advertisements: the advertiser; the audience; the language; and the message. It was seen that the advertising message mainly targeted women, proposing guilt-free consumption, promising a combination of esthetics and health. In order to enhance their product, several advertisements omitted relevant nutritional information while others promoted hazardous combinations with pharmaceutical products, and still others induced the target public to replace regular meals with their product. The results signal the need to broaden the discussion on the strategies for food advertising, as the citizen's right to information and health cannot be subjugated to market values.

As mensagens sobre alimentação veiculadas nos meios de comunicação merecem atenção, pois estudos apontam que a mídia exerce papel fundamental na formação de novos hábitos alimentares. Visando atender a um novo perfil de consumidores preocupados com a saúde e o bem-estar físico e interessada nesse mercado promissor, a indústria intensifica as estratégias de estímulo ao consumo de determinadas categorias de alimentos, como os produtos diet e light. Este estudo analisou 20 peças publicitárias de alimentos veiculadas em revistas e jornais de circulação nacional entre junho e outubro de 2006, contemplando: o emissor; o destinatário; a linguagem e a mensagem. Constatou-se que o discurso publicitário focou principalmente as mulheres, propondo o consumo sem culpa e prometendo a combinação entre estética e saúde. Na busca da valorização do produto, as peças publicitárias secundarizaram informações nutricionais relevantes, outras realizaram combinações perigosas para a saúde, como a associação do alimento a medicamentos e a indução a substituição de refeições pelo produto em questão. Os resultados sinalizam a necessidade de se ampliar a discussão sobre as estratégias da publicidade de alimentos, pois o direito do cidadão à informação e à saúde não podem estar subjugados a valores de mercado.

Current advertising messages for food products deserve special attention, since they indicate that the media has played a central role in shaping new eating habits. The food industry, seeking to serve a new customer segment (increasingly preoccupied with health and physical well-being), and with a specific interest in this promising market, has intensified its marketing strategies for stimulating consumption of diet and light food products. This study analyzed 20 food advertisements published from June to October 2006 in Brazilian magazines and newspapers with nationwide circulation. The following elements were analyzed in the advertisements: the advertiser; the audience; the language; and the message. It was seen that the advertising message mainly targeted women, proposing guilt-free consumption, promising a combination of esthetics and health. In order to enhance their product, several advertisements omitted relevant nutritional information while others promoted hazardous combinations with pharmaceutical products, and still others induced the target public to replace regular meals with their product. The results signal the need to broaden the discussion on the strategies for food advertising, as the citizen's right to information and health cannot be subjugated to market values.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de resíduos de antibióticos no leite bovino pasteurizado comercializado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e propor um programa de monitoramento à Vigilância Sanitária Municipal com base nesses dados. Durante o período de abril a agosto de 2006 foram analisadas 57 amostras de leite através de ensaios imunoenzimáticos para análise qualitativa dos betalactâmicos, tetraciclinas e estreptomicina/diidroestreptomicina na forma de kits. Os resultados evidenciaram que os antimicrobianos continuam sendo utilizados no tratamento do gado leiteiro.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial residues present in pasteurized milk commercialized in the city of Rio de Janeiro Brazil and to suggest a monitoring program based on these data. During the period from April to August 2006, 57 milk samples were analyzed through and enzyme immunoassays for the qualitative analysis of beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and streptomycin/dihydrostreptomycin test Kits. The results showed that the studied antibiotics are have been used for the treatment of the dairy cattle.

A técnica de espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite (GF AAS) foi a técnica escolhida pelo laboratório de contaminantes inorgânicos do Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS/FIOCRUZ) para ser validada e aplicada em análises de rotina para detecção e quantificação de arsênio. Os parâmetros de validação seletividade, linearidade, sensibilidade, limite de detecção e quantificação, exatidão e precisão foram estudados e otimizados usando as condições STPF (Stabilized Temperature Platform Furnace). Os resultados encontrados apresentaram limites de detecção 0,13 µg.L-1 e quantificação de 1,04 µg.L-1, uma precisão média para arsênio total inferior a 15% e uma exatidão de 96%. Para quantificar as espécies químicas As(III) e As(V), utilizamos uma resina de troca iônica (Dowex 1X8, forma de Cl-) e os parâmetros físico-químicos foram otimizados, obtendo-se uma recuperação de As(III) de 98% e de As(V) de 90%. O método foi aplicado em amostras de águas subterrâneas, águas minerais e água purificada para hemodiálise. Todas as amostras apresentaram resultados abaixo do limite máximo permitido pelas legislações em vigor: 50 µg.L-1, 10 µg.L-1 e 5 µg.L-1, respectivamente. Todos os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente.

The Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) was the technique chosen by the inorganic contamination laboratory (INCQ/ FIOCRUZ) to be validated and applied in routine analysis for arsenic detection and quantification. The selectivity, linearity, sensibility, detection, and quantification limits besides accuracy and precision parameters were studied and optimized under Stabilized Temperature Platform Furnace (STPF) conditions. The limit of detection obtained was 0.13 µg.L-1 and the limit of quantification was 1.04 µg.L-1, with an average precision, for total arsenic, less than 15% and an accuracy of 96%. To quantify the chemical species As(III) and As(V), an ion-exchange resin (Dowex 1X8, Cl- form) was used and the physical-chemical parameters were optimized resulting in a recuperation of 98% of As(III) and of 90% of As(V). The method was applied to groundwater, mineral water, and hemodialysis purified water samples. All results obtained were lower than the maximum limit values established by the legal Brazilian regulations, in effect, 50, 10, and 5 µg.L-1 para As total, As(III) e As(V), respectively. All results were statistically evaluated.

A rotulagem de alimentos é o principal elo entre o consumidor e o produto, além de representar um importante instrumento de educação alimentar. O presente estudo avaliou o hábito de leitura e compreensão dos rótulos de produtos alimentícios pelos freqüentadores de supermercados do município de Niterói/RJ - nos meses de setembro a dezembro de 2003. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais (estudo quali-quantitativo) nas quais foi usado como instrumento de estudo um questionário sobre os rótulos, que foi aplicado a 400 indivíduos. Os resultados referentes à parte qualitativa do estudo evidenciaram que os principais problemas na compreensão da rotulagem dos produtos alimentícios foram: a baixa confiança pelos consumidores nas informações vinculadas pelos rótulos; o uso da linguagem técnica; o excesso de propagandas veiculadas pelas diversas mídias; e a pouca informação sobre componentes alimentares potencialmente alergênicos. O estudo apontou a necessidade do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de comunicação para melhor orientar os consumidores na escolha de seus alimentos através da rotulagem de alimentos, estimulando-os no desenvolvimento de práticas alimentares mais adequadas.

The food label is an important link between consumers and products, and may be used for educational purposes. This study was carried out aiming at evaluating the habit of reading and understanding foodstuff label contents. The population studied was formed by clients of a supermarket chain located in the city of Niterói/RJ, Brazil - from September to December, 2003. Individual interviews were carried out (quali-quantitative study) in which a questionnaire about the labels was used and applied to 400 customers. The results regarding the qualitative part of the study showed that the main problems in the understanding of the food product labels are: the low confidence of the consumers in the information on the labels, the use of technical language, the excess of propaganda made by different means of communication and the scarce information on potentially allergenic food components. The study pointed out the need for the development of public communication strategies to better guide consumers to choose their food.

This paper reports the development of a methodology for simultaneously determining As, Cd and Pb, employing GF AAS with polarized Zeeman-effect background correction. In order to make the procedure applicable, the influence of pyrolysis and atomization temperatures and the amount of chemical modifiers were studied. Factorial and central composite designs were used to optimize these variables. Precision and accuracy of the method were investigated using Natural Water Reference material, Nist SRM 1640. Results are in agreement with certified values at the 95% confidence limit when the Student t-test is used. This methodology was used for quality control of purified water for hemodialysis.

Um estudo transversal foi realizado em uma comunidade agrícola localizada em Nova Friburgo, RJ, para conhecer os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais da exposição múltipla a agrotóxicos em uma amostra representativa de 102 pequenos agricultores, de ambos os sexos. Os trabalhadores foram submetidos a um extenso protocolo que incluía aplicação de questionário ocupacional, coleta de amostras biológicas para exame toxicológico e avaliação clínica - geral e neurológica. Os resultados dos exames toxicológicos revelaram episódios leves a moderados de intoxicação aguda aos organofosforados descritos pelos agricultores ou observados durante o exame clínico. Foram também diagnosticados 13 (12,8 %) quadros de neuropatia tardia e 29 (28,5%) quadros de síndrome neurocomportamental e distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos associados ao uso crônico de agrotóxicos. Os resultados apontam para a ocorrência de episódios recorrentes de sobre-exposição múltipla, a elevadas concentrações de diversos produtos químicos, com grave prejuízo para as funções vitais desses trabalhadores, especialmente por se encontrarem em uma faixa etária jovem (média = 35 ± 11anos) e período produtivo da vida. Estes dados demonstram a importância do monitoramento da múltipla exposição a agrotóxicos, uma cadeia de eventos de grande repercussão na saúde pública e para o meio ambiente.

A cross section study was carried out in a farming community from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, to examine epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of multiple exposure to pesticides in a representative sample of 102 small farmers. Both males and females were submitted to an extensive protocol which included an occupation questionnaire, biological sample collection for toxicology analysis and clinical - general and neurological - evaluation. The toxicology test results showed light to moderate episodes of acute intoxication by organophosphorates either described by the farmers or observed during clinical examination. Thirteen cases of delayed neuropathies (12,8%) as well as 29 cases of neural behavioral syndromes and psychiatric disorders associated to the continued use of pesticides were diagnosed. These results indicate recurrent multiple overexposures to high concentrations of different chemicals, with serious damage to vital functions, especially considering their young age (average 35 ± 11 years old) and the productive period in their lifetime. These results show how important it is to monitor multiple exposure to pesticides - a chain of events that may have major impacts on public health and the environment.