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au:JORGE, MARIO S.
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1.
Electrophysiological detection of visible wavelengths of artificial lights inducing take-off in adults of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Triatominae)
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Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
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ABSTRACT Rhodnius prolixus is the most important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the northern part of South America. The compound eyes in adults of R. prolixus are involved in the nocturnal flight dispersion from sylvatic environments into human dwellings. During this behavior, the artificial lights play an important role in attracting R. prolixus; however, it is still not clear whether the compound eyes of this species use different visible wavelengths as a cue during active dispersion. We applied electrophysiological (electroretinography or ERG) and behavioral (take-off) experiments in a controlled laboratory setting to determine the spectral sensitivity of the compound eyes and the attraction of R. prolixus adults to discrete visible wavelengths. For the ERG experiments, flashes of 300 ms at wavelengths ranging between 350 and 700 nm at a constant intensity of 3.4 µW/cm2 were tested after adaptation to darkness and to blue and yellow lights. For the behavioral experiments, the adults were exposed to nine visible wavelengths at three different intensities, and their direction of take-off in an experimental arena was established with circular statistics. The ERG results showed peaks of spectral sensitivity at 470–490 nm and 520–550 nm in adults, while behavioral experiments showed attractions to blue, green and red lights, depending on the intensity of the light stimuli. The electrophysiological and behavioral results confirm that R. prolixus adults can detect certain wavelengths in the visible spectrum of light and be attracted to them during take-off.
2.
Diretriz Brasileira de Dispositivos Cardíacos Eletrônicos Implantáveis – 2023
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Teixeira, Ricardo Alkmim
; Fagundes, Alexsandro Alves
; Baggio Junior, José Mário
; Oliveira, Júlio César de
; Medeiros, Paulo de Tarso Jorge
; Valdigem, Bruno Pereira
; Teno, Luiz Antônio Castilho
; Silva, Rodrigo Tavares
; Melo, Celso Salgado de
; Elias Neto, Jorge
; Moraes Júnior, Antonio Vitor
; Pedrosa, Anisio Alexandre Andrade
; Porto, Fernando Mello
; Brito Júnior, Hélio Lima de
; Souza, Thiago Gonçalves Schroder e
; Mateos, José Carlos Pachón
; Moraes, Luis Gustavo Belo de
; Forno, Alexander Romeno Janner Dal
; D’Avila, Andre Luiz Buchele
; Cavaco, Diogo Alberto de Magalhães
; Kuniyoshi, Ricardo Ryoshim
; Pimentel, Mauricio
; Camanho, Luiz Eduardo Montenegro
; Saad, Eduardo Benchimol
; Zimerman, Leandro Ioschpe
; Oliveira, Eduardo Bartholomay
; Scanavacca, Mauricio Ibrahim
; Martinelli Filho, Martino
; Lima, Carlos Eduardo Batista de
; Peixoto, Giselle de Lima
; Darrieux, Francisco Carlos da Costa
; Duarte, Jussara de Oliveira Pinheiro
; Galvão Filho, Silas dos Santos
; Costa, Eduardo Rodrigues Bento
; Mateo, Enrique Indalécio Pachón
; Melo, Sissy Lara De
; Rodrigues, Thiago da Rocha
; Rocha, Eduardo Arrais
; Hachul, Denise Tessariol
; Lorga Filho, Adalberto Menezes
; Nishioka, Silvana Angelina D’Orio
; Gadelha, Eduardo Barreto
; Costa, Roberto
; Andrade, Veridiana Silva de
; Torres, Gustavo Gomes
; Oliveira Neto, Nestor Rodrigues de
; Lucchese, Fernando Antonio
; Murad, Henrique
; Wanderley Neto, José
; Brofman, Paulo Roberto Slud
; Almeida, Rui M. S.
; Leal, João Carlos Ferreira
.
3.
Climate change effects on marginal savannas from central-north Brazil
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COSTA-COUTINHO, JOXLEIDE M. DA
; JARDIM, MÁRIO AUGUSTO G.
; MIRANDA, LEONARDO S.
; CASTRO, ANTONIO ALBERTO JORGE F.
.
Abstract This study estimated the potential effects of climate change on peripheral plant diversity by predicting the distribution of species from Cerrado of Northern Brazil. Ecological niche modeling was used to provide present and future projections of responses in terms of occurrence of ten woody species based on four algorithms and four future climate change scenarios for the year 2050. Potential refuge areas for conservation actions were identified, and evidence of the vulnerability of the flora was demonstrated based on the disparity between potential areas of climate stability amid current protected areas. The results suggested a lack of pattern between the scenarios and an idiosyncratic response of the species, indicating different impacts on plant communities and the existence of unequal stable alternative conditions, which could bring consequences to the ecological relationships and functionality of the floras. Even in the most pessimistic scenarios, most species presented an expansion of potential occurrence areas, suppressing or cohabiting with species of adjacent biomes. Typically marginal plants were the most sensitive. Overlapping adequate habitats are concentrated in the NBC. The analysis of habitats in relation to anthropized areas and PAs demonstrate low future effectiveness in the protection of these savannas.
4.
Caracterización y tipificación socioeconómica en productores de cultivos transitorios ubicados en Piedemonte y Altillanura plana
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Molina-Romero, Adriana M.
; Ostos-Triana, Manuel E.
; Buenaventura-Baron, Mario S.
; Argüelles-Cárdenas, Jorge H.
.
Resumen En este trabajo se realizó una tipificación y caracterización socioeconómica de los productores de cultivos transitorios de arroz, maíz y soya, mediante una encuesta estructurada realizada en el semestre 2019A en las zonas del Piedemonte Llanero y la Altillanura plana, complementada con información general de los gremios de la producción (Fenalce, Fedearroz) y Agrosavia, para mejorar y orientar las políticas institucionales y sectoriales acordes a las condiciones actuales de los productores. Se determinó un tamaño de muestra mediante muestreo estratificado con asignación proporcional, con un margen de error de 5% y un nivel de confianza del 95%, para un total de 85 productores, de los cuales 62 están ubicados en el Piedemonte y 23 en la Altillanura. La clasificación de los productores se realizó mediante dos técnicas multivariadas: análisis de correspondencia múltiple (ACM) y análisis de conglomerados jerárquico (AC), en grupos homogéneos, con dieciocho (18) variables sociales y económicas relacionadas con el sistema productivo. Los resultados permitieron generar cinco grupos de productores los cuales fueron tipificados y caracterizados en: 1) productores mayormente maiceros con niveles altos de ingreso y educación superior (n=18), 2) maiceros y soyeros con mayor uso de mano de obra familiar y dependencia financiera de casas comerciales (n=16), 3) mayormente soyeros con gran experiencia y edad (n=18), 4) mayormente arroceros con nivel básica primaria y con vías despavimentadas (n=27) y 5) maiceros y arroceros vinculados al SISBEN y con uso de los recursos de inversión propia (n=6).
Abstract This work involved the socioeconomic typing and characterisation of transitory rice, corn and soybean crop producers in the Piedmont area of Colombia’s Eastern plains and flat high plains areas through a structured survey carried out during the 2019A semester. This was complemented by general information provided by the trade/producers’ associations (Fenalce (cereal growers’ association) and Fedearroz (rice growers’ federation)) and the Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation (Agrosavia) to improve and guide institutional and sector policies according to the producers’ current conditions. Sample size was determined by stratified sampling with proportional allocation (5% margin of error and 95% confidence level); this gave 85 producers, 62 of whom were located in the Piedmont area and 23 on the high plains. The producers were classified into homogeneous groups using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) multivariate techniques, with eighteen production-system-related social and economic variables. The results led to typing and characterising five groups of producers: 1) those having high income and higher education levels (mainly corn farmers) (n=18), 2) corn and soybean farmers relying on greater use of family labour and being dependent on banks/financial institutions (n=16), 3) mostly older soy farmers having great experience (n=18), 4) mostly rice farmers having basic primary education and unpaved roads (n=27) and 5) corn and rice farmers linked to Colombia’s system of identifying social programme beneficiaries (SISBEN) using their own investment resources (n=6).
Resumo Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma tipificação e caracterização socioeconômica dos produtores de culturas temporárias de arroz, milho e soja, por meio de uma pesquisa estruturada realizada no semestre de 2019A nas áreas do Piedemonte e Altillanura plana, complementada com informações gerais sobre as guildas de produção (Fenalce, Fedearroz) e Agrosavia, para melhorar e orientar as políticas institucionais e setoriais de acordo com as condições atuais dos produtores. O tamanho da amostra foi determinado através de amostragem estratificada com alocação proporcional, com margem de erro de 5% e nível de confiança de 95%, para um total de 85 produtores, dos quais 62 estão localizados no Piedemonte e 23 na Altillanura. Os produtores foram classificados usando duas técnicas multivariadas: análise de correspondência múltipla (ACM) e análise hierárquica de cluster (CA), em grupos homogêneos, com dezoito (18) variáveis sociais e econômicas relacionadas ao sistema de produção. Os resultados permitiram gerar cinco grupos de produtores que foram tipificados e caracterizados em: 1) produtores principalmente de milho com alto nível de renda e ensino superior (n = 18), 2) produtores de milho e soja com maior uso da mão-de-obra familiar e dependência financeira de casas comerciais (n = 16), 3) agricultores de soja com ampla experiência e idade (n = 18), 4) arrozeiros com nível primário básico e com estradas não pavimentadas (n = 27) e 5) produtores de milho e arroz vinculados ao SISBEN e utilizando recursos de investimento próprio (n=6).
https://doi.org/10.22579/20112629.596
787 downloads
5.
Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la etapa aguda del accidente cerebrovascular isquémico: Guía de práctica clínica del Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud)
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Sequeiros-Chirinos, Joel Mario
; Alva-Díaz, Carlos A.
; Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin
; Huaringa-Marcelo, Jorge
; Huamaní, Charles
; Camarena-Flores, Carla E.
; Durand-Castro, Walter S.
; Valencia-Chávez, Ana María
; Ecos-Quispe, Rosa L.
; Estupinan-Valdez, Paula I.
; Gallo-Guerrero, Marla
; Huamaní-Mendoza, Marlene Doris
; Mariños-Sánchez, Evelyn Vanessa
; Morón-Cabrera, María Elizabeth
; Pulachet-Contreras, Elena
; Ramos-Auccasi, Alfredo
; Rodríguez-Kadota, Liliana
; Saavedra-Rocha, César
; Chávez-Rimache, Lesly
; Timaná-Ruiz, Raúl
.
ABSTRACT Objective: to provide evidence based clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and therapy of the acute stage of ischemic cerebrovascular accident in EsSalud. Materials and methods : a group for producing the guideline was conveyed, including specialized physicians and methodologists. The group prepared 8 clinical questions to be answered by the guideline. Systematic searches of previous reviews were performed, and - when it was deemed necessary - primary studies in Medline and the Cochrane Controlled Registry of Trials for 2018 were reviewed. Evidence was selected aiming to respond each one of the proposed clinical questions. Certainty of the evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work sessions, the group used GRADE methodology for reviewing the evidence and generated recommendations, good clinical practice items, and designed flow charts for both diagnosis and therapy. Finally, the guide was approved with the decree N° 128-IETSI-ESSALUD-2019. Results : this clinical practice guideline focused in 8 clinical questions, which were divided into four topics: screening, diagnosis, therapy, support and rehabilitation. On the basis of these questions, 28 recommendations were formulated (8 strong and 20 conditional), 38 items for good clinical practice, 1 implementation note, and 2 flow charts. Conclusion : this paper summarizes both evidence based methodology and conclusions from a new clinical practice guide for diagnosis and therapy of the acute stage of a cerebrovascular accident in EsSalud.
RESUMEN Objetivo: proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la etapa aguda del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en EsSalud. Materiales y métodos: se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 8 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en Medline y Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials durante el 2018. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y el flujograma de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 128-IETSI-ESSALUD-2019. Resultados: la presente GPC abordó 8 preguntas clínicas, divididas en cuatro temas: tamizaje, diagnóstico, tratamiento, soporte y rehabilitación. En base a estas preguntas se formularon 28 recomendaciones (8 fuertes y 20 condicionales), 38 puntos de buena práctica clínica, 1 nota de implementación y 2 flujogramas. Conclusión: el presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la etapa aguda del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en EsSalud.
6.
Peyronie's disease: Review of the pathology and current events in treatment
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Carrillo-Córdova, Luis D.
; Rodríguez-Valle, Edson D.
; Rodriguez-Robles, Jonathan A.
; Vitar-Sandoval, Jhonatan
; Calvo-Mena, Daniel
; Garduño-Segovia, Noe
; Aguilar-Aizcorbe, Samuel
; Reyes-Sánchez, Adair
; Acevedo-Garcia, Christian
; Jaspersen-Gastelum, Jorge
; Almanza-Gonzalez, Mario S.
.
Revista médica del Hospital General de México
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Peyronie's disease is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the penis, which presents a poorly understood pathophysiology, featuring abnormal fibroblasts of the tunica albuginea secondary to trauma or stemming from congenital causes. Currently, there are multiple therapeutic options, such as oral pharmacological treatments that either report poor results or partial improvements, as well as intralesional therapies viewed as controversial and surgery as a therapeutic choice. However, this can be implemented once the disease is in its stable phase. A number of alternatives can be elected regarding the needs and symptoms of patients.
https://doi.org/10.24875/hgmx.m19000017
144 downloads
7.
Primer registro de la salamanquesa asiática Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril & Bibron, 1834 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) en la Cordillera del Cóndor, Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador
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124 downloads
8.
Brazilian legislation on genetic heritage harms Biodiversity Convention goals and threatens basic biology research and education
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ALVES, RUY JOSÉ V.
; WEKSLER, MARCELO
; OLIVEIRA, JOÃO A.
; BUCKUP, PAULO A.
; POMBAL JR., JOSÉ P.
; SANTANA, HÉLCIO R.G.
; PERACCHI, ADRIANO LÚCIO
; KELLNER, ALEXANDER W.A.
; ALEIXO, ALEXANDRE
; LANGGUTH, ALFREDO
; ALMEIDA, ALZIRA MARIA P. DE
; ALBERNAZ, ANA LUISA
; RIBAS, CAMILA C.
; ZILBERBERG, CARLA
; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO V.
; ROCHA, CARLOS F.D.
; LAMAS, CARLOS JOSÉ E.
; HADDAD, CÉLIO F.B.
; BONVICINO, CIBELE R.
; PRADO, CYNTHIA P.A.
; LIMA, DANIELA O. DE
; ROSSA-FERES, DENISE C.
; SANTOS, FABRÍCIO R. DOS
; SALIMENA, FÁTIMA REGINA G.
; PERINI, FERNANDO A.
; BOCKMANN, FLÁVIO A.
; FRANCO, FRANCISCO LUÍS
; GIUDICE, GISELE M.L. DEL
; COLLI, GUARINO R.
; VIEIRA, IMA CÉLIA G.
; MARINHO-FILHO, JADER
; WERNECK, JANE M.C.F.
; SANTOS, JORGE A.D. DOS
; NASCIMENTO, JORGE LUIZ DO
; NESSIMIAN, JORGE LUIZ
; CORDEIRO, JOSÉ LUIS P.
; CLARO, KLEBER DEL
; SALLES, LEANDRO O.
; CASATTI, LILIAN
; PY-DANIEL, LUCIA HELENA R.
; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO
; TOLEDO, LUÍS FELIPE
; OLIVEIRA, LUIZ F. DE
; MALABARBA, LUIZ ROBERTO
; SILVA, MARCELO D. DA
; COURI, MÁRCIA S.
; MARTINS, MÁRCIO
; TAVARES, MARCOS D.S.
; SOBRAL, MARCOS EDUARDO G.
; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINÍCIUS
; OLIVEIRA, MARIA DE LOURDES A.
; PINNA, MÁRIO DE
; HOPKINS, MICHAEL J.G.
; SOLÉ, MIRCO
; MENEZES, NAÉRCIO A.
; PASSOS, PAULO
; D’ANDREA, PAULO SERGIO
; PINTO, PEDRO C.E.A.
; VIANA, PEDRO L.
; TOLEDO, PETER M.
; REIS, ROBERTO E.
; VILELA, ROBERTO
; BASTOS, ROGÉRIO P.
; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE G.
; CERQUEIRA, RUI
; CASTROVIEJO-FISHER, SANTIAGO
; CARAMASCHI, ULISSES
.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820180460
7311 downloads
9.
First chromosome data on Steindachneridion doceanum (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae): a critically endangered catfish endemic of the Doce River basin, Brazil
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Swarça, Ana Claudia
; Orsi, Mário Luis
; Takagui, Fábio Hiroshi
; Dias, Ana Lucia
; Dergam, Jorge Abdala
; Fenocchio, Alberto Sérgio
.
RESUMO O presente trabalho apresenta a primeira descrição citogenética de Steindachneridion doceanum, grande bagre que se encontra atualmente em alto risco de extinção e listado como ameaçado na lista vermelha do Ministério do Meio Ambiente, também sugere relações cariotípicas com outras espécies do mesmo gênero, endêmicas de outras bacias hidrográficas. Os resultados revelaram um número diplóide de 56 cromossomos e o cariótipo composto por 18 elementos metacêntricos, 20 submetacêntricos, 10 subtelocêntricos e 8 acrocêntricos (NF = 104). As marcações AgNORs e CMA3 foram coincidentes ocupando o braço curto de um par de cromossomos acrocêntricos (par 25), em uma constrição secundária. Os genes 5S rDNA foram detectados nos braços curtos de um par subtelocêntrico. A banda C revelou blocos terminais nos braços curtos em vários cromossomos, bem como blocos terminais nas duas extremidades de um par submetacêntrico. A banda C também evidenciou um grande bloco heterocromático na constrição secundária (par 25) coincidente com os sítios AgNORs e as bandas CMA3 positivas. Apesar de S. doceanum representar um táxon endêmico, suas características citogenéticas mostram semelhanças com outras espécies do gênero das quais se encontra geograficamente isolado.
ABSTRACT The present report represents the first cytogenetic description of Steindachneridion doceanum, great catfish which is currently at high extinction risk and it is listed as threatened on the red list of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, also are suggested karyotype relationships with other species of the same genus endemic from other river basins. The results revealed a diploid number of 2n = 56 and the karyotype composed of 18 metacentric, 20 submetacentric, 10 subtelocentric and 8 acrocentric chromosomes (NF = 104). The AgNORs and CMA3 signals were coincident in location occupying the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome pair (25th), in a secondary constriction. The 5S rDNA genes were localized on the short arms of one subtelocentric pair. C-banding revealed terminal blocks on the short arms on many chromosomes as well as terminal positive bands at the both ends of a submetacentric pair. C banding also revealed a large heterochromatic block in the secondary constriction (25th) region that was coincident with the AgNORs sites and CMA3+ bright bands. In spite S. doceanum represent an endemic taxon, in spite their geographic isolation their cytogenetic characteristics show similarities with other species of the genus.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180066
1012 downloads
10.
Ecuaciones de biomasa aérea y volumen para Pinus halepensis Mill., en Coahuila, México
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Montoya Jiménez, Juan C.
; Méndez González, Jorge
; Sosa Díaz, Librado
; Ruíz González, Cecilia G.
; Zermeño González, Alejandro
; Nájera Luna, Juan A.
; Manzano Camarillo, Mario G.
; Velázquez Rodríguez, Alma S.
.
Abstract Conducting studies to measure biomass in terrestrial ecosystems is essential to assess carbon stores and how forest species contribute to the mitigation of climate change. The objective of this study was to adjust allometric equations to estimate aerial biomass and volumen of Pinus halepensis Mill. in the Sierra de Zapalinamé, Coahuila. It was assumed that the variables basal diameter and height adequately predict aerial biomass and volume of P. halepensis. 40 trees were used, with basal diameter that varied from 25 cm to 75 cm. The biomass of stem and branches (64%) was, on average, double that of leaves and twigs (36%) and its proportion increased with respect to the total height of the tree, according to the equation: y = 53.4 + 1.2x. The best fits were in volume (R2 = 0.82) and total biomass (R2 = 0.77) with allometric equations of logarithmic linear form, with diameter and height as independent variables (lny = β0 + β1 ln (Db 2 H). Aerial biomass of P. halepensis was 2.5 times smaller than that of other coniferous species, possibly due to the fact that the trees of this species branched almost from the base of the tree, on average 85% of the tree presented branches between 5 cm and 10 cm in diameter.
Resumen Realizar estudios para medir la biomasa en ecosistemas terrestres es fundamental para evaluar los almacenes de carbono y cómo las especies forestales contribuyen a la mitigación del cambio climático. El objetivo de este estudio fue ajustar ecuaciones alométricas para estimar biomasa aérea y volumen de Pinus halepensis Mill. en la sierra de Zapalinamé, Coahuila. Se partió de la hipótesis de que las variables diámetro basal y altura predicen adecuadamente la biomasa aérea y el volumen de P. halepensis. Se utilizaron 40 árboles, con diámetro basal que varió de 25 cm a 75 cm. La biomasa de fuste y ramas (64%) fue en promedio el doble que la de hojas y ramillas (36%) y su proporción aumentó con respecto a la altura total del árbol, de acuerdo con la ecuación: y = 53.4 + 1.2x. Los mejores ajustes fueron en volumen (R2 = 0.82) y biomasa total (R2 = 0.77) con ecuaciones alométricas de forma lineal logarítmica, con diámetro y altura como variables independientes (lny = β0 + β1 ln(Db 2 H). La biomasa aérea de P. halepensis fue 2.5 veces más pequeña que la de otras especies de coníferas, debido posiblemente a que los árboles de esta especie se ramifican casi desde la base del árbol. En promedio, 85% del árbol presentó ramas de entre 5 cm y 10 cm de diámetro.
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2018.2401880
599 downloads
11.
Uma avaliação da demanda creditícia para automóveis no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2012
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Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo estimar uma função demanda por crédito para veículos no Brasil no período 2000:06 a 2012:12. Nossos resultados mostraram que essa função pode ser enquadrada dentro de um arcabouço tradicional no qual a taxa e prazo de financiamento, o preço do veículo assim como o estado da economia se apresentam como as variáveis explicativas do modelo. Mostramos ainda com base no modelo Markov Switching (MS) com variável endógena (Kim, 2004) que tal função de demanda esteve sujeita a três regimes distintos ao longo do período amostral. Dois desses estados estão associados com regimes de expansão e retração inerentes as fases de uma economia de mercado no qual o estado da economia é determinado pelos seus fundamentos. Um ciclo de forte expansão acontece entre 2004 e 2007 enquanto um ciclo de retração vigora entre o final de 2007 e início de 2008. O terceiro regime, também de expansão, acontece num único ciclo entre 2008 e 2009 sendo no nosso entendimento gerado de modo artificial em decorrência do emprego de medidas anticíclicas fomentadas pelo governo. Entre elas, pode-se destacar a redução da base de recolhimento do compulsório e da alíquota do IPI. Essas providências promoveram a imediata expansão do crédito e levaram a um processo de formação de bolha no mercado de veículos, que culminou com a necessidade de introdução das chamadas medidas macroprudenciais, a partir de dezembro de 2010, quando já havia em curso uma tendência de contínuo aumento da inadimplência no crédito.
Abstract The aim of this study is to estimate the demand function for credit for vehicles in Brazil during the period between of July 2000 to December 2012. Our results showed that this function can be framed within a traditional framework in which the rate and the term of financing, the price of the vehicle as well as the state of the economy are the explanatory variables of the model. The Markov Switching (MS) model with an endogenous variable (Kim, 2004) showed that such a demand function was subject to three different regimes throughout the sample period. Two of these states are associated with expansion and retraction regimes in which the state of the economy is determined by its fundamentals. A cycle of strong expansion takes place between 2004 and 2007 while a cycle of retraction is in force between the end of 2007 and the beginning of 2008. The third regime, also of expansion, takes place in a single cycle between 2008 and 2009 and was artificially generated as a result of the use of countercyclical measures fomented by the government. Among them, we can highlight the reduction in the compulsory and the reserve requirement imposed by the Central Bank and the tax rate on the production of vehicles. These measures promoted the immediate expansion of credit and led to a process of bubble formation in the vehicle market. This culminated in the need to introduce the so-called macroprudential measures in December 2010, when there was already a continuous and growing trend in the credit default.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-3533.2017v26n2art6
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12.
Dung removal by dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and macrocyclic lactone use on cattle ranches of Yucatan, Mexico
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Basto-Estrella, Gertrudis S.
; Rodríguez-Vivas, Roger I.
; Delfín-González, Hugo
; Navarro-Alberto, Jorge A.
; Favila, Mario E.
; Reyes-Novelo, Enrique
.
ResumenLa expansión en el uso de lactonas macrocíclicas (LM) para el tratamiento de endo y ectoparásitos del ganado en las regiones tropicales puede reducir las poblaciones de escarabajos del estiércol, interrumpiendo así el proceso de eliminación de estiércol de ganado en los pastizales. Durante el período reproductivo (época de lluvias) de dos grupos funcionales de escarabajos coprófagos (paracópridos y telecópridos), se comparó la cantidad removida de estiércol usando trampas de exclusión cebadas con 500 g de estiércol de vaca libre de LM en dos ranchos donde se usan y en dos donde no se usan LM, en la península de Yucatán, México. En cada rancho se establecieron dos transectos (separados por 500 m) con seis trampas cada uno, las cuales estuvieron activas durante 24 horas. Después de este tiempo, todos los restos de estiércol en cada trampa se pesaron para registrar la remoción. Los resultados mostraron que las cantidades de remoción fueron similares en ranchos con y sin uso de LM. Los escarabajos estercoleros removieron 40.1 % del peso total del excremento. Los paracópridos removieron 87.46 % y los telecópridos 12.54 % del total de excremento removido. Los resultados indican que la función ecológica de los escarabajos estercoleros en los potreros estudiados no parece verse afectada por el uso de LM y que las especies paracórpidas remueven la mayor parte del excremento. Se requiere hacer más estudios en ambos tipos de ranchos, en los que se tome en cuenta la dinámica poblacional y el movimiento de las especies más importantes de la región, acoplados a estudios de laboratorio que evalúen el efecto de las LM sobre el éxito reproductivo, y de esta manera esclarecer el efecto de las LM sobre la función ecológica de este grupo de insectos tan importante para la sustentabilidad de los sistemas ganaderos.
Abstract:The expanded use of macrocyclic lactones (ML) to treat endo- and ectoparasites in cattle in tropical regions, can reduce dung beetle populations, and thus interrupt the dung removal process in cattle pasture ecosystems. During the reproductive period (the rainy season) of two functional groups of dung beetles (paracoprid and telocoprid Scarabaeinae), we compared dung removal amount in ranches where ML are and are not used in Yucatan, Mexico, through exclusion traps baited with 500 g of ML-free cow dung. On each ranch, two transects (separated by 500 m) with six traps each, were set up for 24 hours. After this time, all the dung remnants in each trap were obtained and weighed in order to record the dung removal. Results showed that dung removal amounts were similar in ranches with and without ML use. Dung beetles removed 40.1 % of all cow dung weighed. Paracoprids removed 87.46 % and telocoprids 12.54 % of all the dung that was removed. Our results indicated that the ecological function of dung beetles in the pastures studied, does not seem to be affected by the ML use, and that paracoprid species removed most of the dung. For both types of ranch, further studies that take into account the population dynamics and movement of the most important dung beetle species in the region are required, coupled with laboratory studies evaluating the effect of ML on their reproductive success. This could give some light on the effect of ML on the ecological function of this important insect group in the sustainability of cattle production systems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (3): 945-954. Epub 2016 September 01.
https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i3.21044
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13.
Altitudinal gradient effect on morphometric variation and leaf symmetry of Platanus mexicana Moric
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Galván-Hernández, Dulce Ma.
; Lozada-García, J. Armando
; Flores-Estévez, Norma
; Galindo-González, Jorge
; Vázquez-Torres, S. Mario
.
Revista Chapingo serie ciencias forestales y del ambiente
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Morphometric variation and leaf symmetry was characterized in a population of Platanus mexicana along a riparian altitudinal gradient in Veracruz. A total of eight morphometric characters were evaluated in 1,800 leaves from 15 trees per site, collected at 70, 200,600 and 1,700 m. Morphometric differences among sites (F(24, 5189) = 21.1, P < 0.05) were determined using a discriminant function analysis. Characters related to length and width of leaves showed significant intrapopulation differences (P ≤ 0.05). Based on Mahalanobis distances, the site located at 70 m is the most distant morphometrically. Cluster analysis showed ten different leaf groups along the altitudinal gradient. Differences in leaf size were observed, the leaves are larger at 70 m and decrease with altitude. The index of leaf symmetry of P. mexicana showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among sites in the altitudinal gradient of the Colipa river. The results determine the responsiveness of P. mexicana to the environmental heterogeneity along the altitudinal gradient of the Colipa river.
La variación morfométrica y simetría foliar de una población de Platanus mexicana se caracterizaron en un gradiente altitudinal ripario del estado de Veracruz. Ocho caracteres morfométricos se evaluaron en 1,800 hojas provenientes de 15 individuos por sitio (70, 200, 600 y 1,700 m de altitud). Las diferencias morfométricas entre sitios (F(24, 5189) = 21.1, P < 0.05) se determinaron con un análisis de funciones discriminantes. Los caracteres relacionados con el largo y ancho de las hojas determinaron diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.05) a nivel intrapoblacional. Con base en las distancias de Mahalanobis, el sitio ubicado a 70 m de altitud es el más distante morfométricamente. El análisis de conglomerados mostró 10 grupos foliares diferentes entre sí a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal. Existen diferencias en el tamaño foliar de mayor a menor altitud, indicando que hay hojas más grandes a 70 m. El índice de simetría foliar de P. mexicana no mostró diferencias significativas (P > 0.05) entre sitios del gradiente altitudinal del río Colipa. Los resultados fueron útiles para determinar la capacidad de respuesta de P. mexicana ante la heterogeneidad ambiental a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal del río Colipa.
https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2014.08.034
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14.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
15.
Performance of the Visual Analogue Scale of Happiness and of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia in the Tremembé Epidemiological Study, Brazil
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César, Karolina G.
; Brucki, Sonia M.D.
; Takada, Leonel T.
; Nascimento, Luiz Fernando C.
; Gomes, Camila M.S.
; Almeida, Milena C.S.
; Oliveira, Maira O.
; Porto, Fábio H.G.
; Senaha, Mirna L.H.
; Bahia, Valéria S.
; Silva, Thaís Bento L.
; Ianof, Jéssica N.
; Spíndola, Lívia
; Schmidt, Magali T.
; Jorge, Mário S.
; Vale, Patrícia H.F.
; Cecchini, Mário A.
; Cassimiro, Luciana
; Soares, Roger T.
; Gonçalves, Márcia R.
; Smid, Jerusa
; Porto, Claudia S.
; Carthery-Goulart, Maria Teresa
; Yassuda, Mônica S.
; Mansur, Letícia L.
; Nitrini, Ricardo
.
A depressão é um problema importante e crescente de saúde pública. É muito comum ser encontrada uma relação significativa entre depressão e a presença de distúrbios cognitivos nos estudos populacionais. Objetivo: Estabelecer a correlação entre a Escala Analógica Visual de Felicidade e a Escala Cornell de Depressão em Demência na população de 60 anos ou mais da cidade de Tremembé, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico no qual foram realizadas visitas domiciliares na cidade de Tremembé. A amostra foi aleatória, através do sorteio de 20% da população acima de 60 anos de cada setor censitário do município. Este estudo foi de fase única, tendo sido realizada anamnese, exames físico e neurológico, avaliação cognitiva e aplicação de escalas Cornell de Depressão em Demência e Escala Analógica de Felicidade para verificar a presença de sintomas depressivos. Foi adotado como critério da presença de sintomas depressivos, pontuação maior ou igual a 8 na escala de Cornell. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 623 pessoas e destas 251 (40,3%) apresentaram sintomas depressivos significativos clinicamente na escala de Cornell, com associação significativa com gênero feminino (p<0,001) e com a baixa escolaridade (p=0,012). Cento e trinta e seis participantes (21,8%) apontaram para faces de infelicidade, com associação significativa com idade (p<0,001), com gênero feminino (p=0,020) e com baixo nível socioeconômico (p=0,012). Embora tenha havido significância estatística no teste de correlação, a correlação entre as duas escalas analisadas não foi alta (rho=0,47). Conclusão: A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi elevada nesta amostra e a Escala Analógica de Felicidade e a Escala Cornell de Depressão em Demência não devem ser utilizadas como alternativas similares para avaliar a presença de sintomas depressivos, pelo menos em populações com baixa escolaridade.
Depression is a major growing public health problem. Many population studies have found a significant relationship between depression and the presence of cognitive disorders. OBJECTIVE: To establish the correlation between the Visual Analogue Scale of Happiness and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia in the population aged 60 years or over in the city of Tremembé, state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: An epidemiological survey involving home visits was carried out in the city of Tremembé. The sample was randomly selected by drawing 20% of the population aged 60 years or older from each of the city's census sectors. In this single-phase study, the assessment included clinical history, physical and neurological examination, cognitive evaluation, and application of both the Cornell Scale and the Analogue Scale of Happiness for psychiatric symptoms. The presence of depressive symptoms was defined as scores greater than or equal to 8 points on the Cornell Scale. RESULTS: A total of 623 subjects were evaluated and of these 251 (40.3%) had clinically significant depressive symptoms on the Cornell Scale, with a significant association with female gender (p<0.001) and with lower education (p=0.012). One hundred and thirty-six participants (21.8%) chose the unhappiness faces, with a significant association with age (p<0.001), female gender (p=0.020) and low socioeconomic status (p=0.012). Although there was a statistically significant association on the correlation test, the correlation was not high (rho=0.47). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was high in this sample and the Visual Analogue Scale of Happiness and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia should not be used as similar alternatives for evaluating the presence of depressive symptoms, at least in populations with low educational level.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-57642014DN84000014
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