Resumen Objetivo: Explorar las percepciones, preocupaciones y necesidades del personal de salud en una Central de Emergencias de Adultos (CEA) de Argentina. Métodos: Investigación o acción participativa, coordinada y ejecutada por el propio personal de la CEA, que incluyó médicos/as, personal de enfermería y administrativo/as para participar activamente en la recolección de información y en el análisis. Se utilizaron metodologías mixtas: análisis documental de quejas y reclamaciones escritas por parte de los pacientes, 10 entrevistas individuales y 2 grupos focales reflexivos con 10 integrantes del personal de salud (de diferente cargo y antigüedad, y residentes en formación). Resultados: Los tópicos emergentes fueron factores laborales que inducen al error y atentan contra el encuentro clínico centrado en la persona: la sobrecarga y la falta de tiempo, la sobreutilización de recursos por medicina defensiva y la tecnología que reemplaza el contacto físico. El personal de salud manifestó episodios de agresiones de pacientes o sus familiares, cuando las largas esperas y las insuficiencias estructurales (como falta de camas, saturación de sala de espera, incomodidad) atentan contra la paciencia y la tolerancia. A partir de esta reflexión se generaron mejoras en diversas áreas de la CEA. Conclusiones: La identificación de las problemáticas realizadas por los propios actores de la CEA resultó un método pertinente para generar un proceso de cambio de gestión colectiva, promover la reflexión y concientizar, permitir identificar áreas de mejora, diseñar estrategias y propuestas concretas.

Abstract Introduction: To explore perceptions, concerns and needs of healthcare professionals in an emergency department (ED) from Argentina. Methods: Participatory action research, coordinated and carried out by ED healthcare professionals, which included physicians, nurses and administrative staff who actively engaged in both data collection and analysis. Mixed methodologies were used: documentary analysis of complaints and written claims by patients, 10 individual interviews, and two reflective focus groups of 10 healthcare professionals (who differed in occupation, seniority and experience, including residents in training). Results: The topics that emerged were work factors that lead to errors and threaten patient-centered clinical encounters: work overload and lack of time, the overuse of resources for defensive medicine purposes and technology that replaces physical contact. Healthcare professionals reported episodes of aggression by patients or their families, when long waits and structural insufficiencies (such as lack of beds, saturation of the waiting room, discomfort) threaten patience and tolerance. From these insights, improvements were generated in various areas of the ED. Conclusions: The identification of problems by the ED stakeholders l was a relevant approach that led to a process of collective management change, promoted reflection and raised awareness, allowing the identification of areas for improvement, design strategies and concrete feasible proposals.

O artigo analisa o discurso do candidato Andrés Arauz na campanha eleitoral para a Presidência do Equador em 2021 por meio da rede social TikTok, durante novembro de 2020 a abril de 2021. Seu objetivo é divulgar a pesquisa e os resultados obtidos sobre o uso deste rede social pelo candidato na última disputa eleitoral. A pesquisa se baseia em uma metodologia qualitativo-quantitativa, na aplicação de técnicas como revisão documental e análise de conteúdo e na análise em dois momentos, a campanha para o primeiro turno e a campanha para o segundo turno. O resultado mostra que, no primeiro caso, quem mais se falava era o candidato como eixo principal, enquanto no caso dois evidenciou-se uma mudança significativa, uma vez que o partido político do candidato presidencial teria sido incorporado, na mesma medida dentro da mensagem, e ao povo equatoriano, deixando a questão de Arauz como candidata em segundo plano. Entre os principais achados, constatou-se que a mensagem foi transmitida por meio de conteúdos que permitissem atingir um público jovem, mas sem equilíbrio na produção de conteúdo.

The article contains an analysis of the speech of the candidate Andrés Arauz in the electoral campaign for the Presidency of Ecuador in 2021 through the TikTok social network, from November 2020 - April 2021. Its objective is to disseminate the research and results obtained regarding candidate Arauz's use of this social network in the last electoral contest. The research is based on a qualitative-quantitative methodology; in applying techniques such as document review and content analysis. It is analyzed two moments, the campaign for the first electoral round and the campaign for the second electoral round. The result shows that, in the first instance, who was talked mostly about was the candidate as the central axis. At the same time, in case two, a significant change was evidenced since the political party of the presidential candidate would have been incorporated into the same extent within the message and to the Ecuadorian people, leaving the issue of Arauz as a candidate in the background. Among the main findings, it was found that the message was sought to be transmitted through content that would allow it to reach a young audience but without a balance in content production.

El artículo analiza el discurso del candidato Andrés Arauz en la campaña electoral para la Presidencia del Ecuador del 2021 a través de la red social TikTok, durante noviembre 2020-abril 2021. Su objetivo es difundir la investigación y los resultados obtenidos respecto a la utilización de esta red social por parte del candidato en la última contienda electoral. La investigación se basa en una metodología cuali-cuantitativa, en la aplicación de técnicas como la revisión documental y el análisis de contenido y en el análisis en dos momentos, la campaña para la primera vuelta electoral y la campaña para la segunda vuelta electoral. El resultado evidencia que, en primera instancia de quién más se hablaba era del candidato como principal eje, mientras que en el caso dos se evidenció un cambio significativo puesto que se habría incorporado, en igual medida dentro del mensaje, al partido político del presidenciable y al pueblo ecuatoriano, dejando en segundo plano el tema de Arauz como candidato. Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró que se buscó transmitir el mensaje a través de contenidos que le permitieran llegar al público joven, pero sin un equilibrio en la producción de contenidos.

Resumen Este estudio se llevó a cabo en una universidad pública del sureste mexicano. Su principal propósito fue determinar si las modificaciones al diseño instruccional de un curso de inglés en línea beneficia la competencia comunicativa oral de los estudiantes. El diseño del estudio fue cuantitativo y cuasi-experimental con dos grupos; uno de ellos recibió instrucción contextualizada de los diferentes temas lingüísticos del programa. La competencia comunicativa de este grupo fue evaluada en línea, lo cual representó un cambio importante con respecto a la evaluación presencial que tradicionalmente se suministra a estos grupos virtuales. Los resultados mostraron que la evaluación en línea es viable, y que la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes mejoró en relación directa con la intervención.

Abstract This manuscript reports on a study carried out at a public university in southeast Mexico aimed to determine whether changes in the instructional design of an online English course benefit students’ oral communicative competence. The research followed a quantitative quasi-experimental design that involved two groups of students. One of them took a modified version of an online English II course that provided contextualized instruction of the syllabus language topics. This group’s communicative competence was assessed online, which represented a major shift from the face-to-face assessments typically delivered to online groups. The results showed that online assessment is possible, and also that students’ communicative competence improved and was directly related to the intervention.

Abstract The objective of this article is to deepen the concept of educational quality in the reality of the Mexican Educational System. As a problem, it assumes the asymmetry of results and realities experienced in the rural and urban context to question whether there is a common criterion on ‘educational quality’. The concept of educational quality is explored in the face of the federal norms that protect the right to education. On the other hand, it explains the conceptual change that has occurred in the conception of rurality, becoming increasingly diverse. A specific section describes the Community School Model, which educationally serves dispersed and underpopulated communities in Mexico. Methodologically, a hermeneutic reflection of three sources is proposed: the concept of education, the wording of Article 3 of the Mexican Constitution with its various changes and description of the rural educational environment in that period, and the Multigrade Schools promoted by CONAFE as the system that reaches those territories. It is concluded that educational quality is delimited by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and the conditions in which it is developed, the above framed by the following factors: (i) the dignification of the person, (ii) the legal terms described in Art. 3, (iii) contextualized in the geographical reality of the student.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar el concepto de calidad educativa en la realidad del Sistema Educativo Mexicano. Como problema se asume la asimetría de resultados y realidades vividas en el contexto rural y urbano para cuestionar si existe un criterio común sobre la ‘calidad educativa’. Se explora el concepto de calidad educativa cara a las normas federales que amparan el derecho a la educación. Por otro lado, se explica el cambio conceptual que ha habido en la concepción de ruralidad, volviéndose cada vez más diverso. En un apartado concreto se describe el Modelo de Escuelas Comunitarias, quienes atienden educativamente a poblaciones dispersas y con menos pobladores de México. Metodológicamente se propone una reflexión hermenéutica de tres fuentes: el concepto de educación, la redacción del Artículo 3 constitucional mexicano con sus diversos cambios y descripción del entorno educativo rural en dicha temporalidad y las Escuelas Multigrado impulsadas por el CONAFE como el sistema que llega a dichos territorios. Se concluye que la calidad educativa está delimitada por la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicano y las condiciones en las que se desarrolla la misma, lo anterior enmarcado por los siguientes factores: (i) la dignificación de la persona, (ii) los términos jurídicos descritos en el Art. 3, (iii) contextuados en la realidad geográfica del estudiante.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una primera prospección sobre la etnobotánica de plantas tóxicas en el partido de Vicente López (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Se trabajó con personas adultas que residen y/o trabajan en el área de estudio. La información y materiales se recopilaron mediante recorridos por la zona y entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas. Se identificaron 42 especies consideradas tóxicas, cuyas partes producen efectos variados y de distinta gravedad. El consenso sobre su toxicidad es en general bajo y el concepto vernáculo de tóxico no es unívoco; la gente emplea diferentes criterios para clasificar a una especie como tóxica. Las actitudes ante las plantas tóxicas también varían. Los resultados están en concordancia con lo previsto para el conocimiento botánico urbano. La postura de quienes hacen un manejo consciente de estas especies, basado en sus conocimientos y en las particularidades del contexto, es la deseable para conservar la salud y la flora simultáneamente. Este trabajo provee una base para comprender las representaciones y percepciones locales sobre el tema, a partir de las cuales se pueden diseñar programas educativos, a la vez que aporta a la etnobotánica y disciplinas afines.

Summary: The purpose of this study was to carry out a first survey on the ethnobotany of toxic plants in Vicente López district (Buenos Aires, Argentina). The study was performed with adult men and women who live and/or work in the study area. Information and materials were gathered through visits to the surroundings, and open and semistructured interviews. A total of 42 species were considered toxic by the interviewees; their parts produce various effects of different severity. Consensus about their toxicity was generally low and the vernacular concept of toxic was not univocal; people use different criteria to classify a plant as toxic. Attitudes in relation to toxic plants also vary. The results agree with the predictions for urban botanical knowledge. The position of those who make a conscious management of these species, based on their knowledge and the particularities of the context, is the desirable one in order to simultaneously preserve human health and flora. This work provides a basis for understanding local representations and perceptions on the topic, from which educational programs can be designed, and contributes to ethnobotany and related disciplines.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of prolactin (PRL) on the migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the expression of E-cadherin. Methods: We used the wound healing assays to evaluate the migration of MCF-7 cells and the Western blot technique to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin. Results: The results show that PRL produced an increase in the migration of MCF-7 cells without inducing a reduction in the expression of E-cadherin. Conclusions: Prolactin significantly increased the migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line without inducing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which could be related to a collective type of migration.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la prolactina (PRL) sobre la migración de las células de cáncer de mama MCF-7 y la expresión de E-cadherina. Métodos: Utilizamos los ensayos de rasgado y cierre de herida para evaluar la migración de las células MCF-7 y la técnica de Western blot para evaluar la expresión de E-cadherina. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la prolactina produjo un incremento en la migración de las células MCF-7 sin inducir una reducción en la expresión de E-cadherina. Conclusiones: La prolactina incrementó significativamente la migración de la línea celular de cáncer de mama MCF-7 sin inducir una transición epitelial-mesenquimal (TEM), lo cual podría estar relacionado con una migración de tipo colectivo.

Abstract. Gender violence in Higher Education Institutions is a frequent problem that generates negative consequences in personal, educational, and social terms. To provide information that contributes to carrying out actions aimed at its prevention and care, through focus groups for discussion, the objectives of this work were to explore and characterize the different manifestations of gender violence experienced by female students from a public university in the state of Coahuila, as well as the type of strategies they carried out to deal with it. Young people from different states of the country participated, between 18 and 24 years old, some mothers and others self-appointed with indigenous people. The information obtained was interpreted from a gender perspective. The results show that symbolic violence is a constant manifestation experienced by university students; however, it was migrant students and single mothers who reported suffering sexual harassment and harassment by some of their classmates and teachers, respectively. It is recognized that regulatory mechanisms do not solve the problem at its roots; however, the need for their implementation to stop it is justified.

Resumen. La violencia de género en las instituciones de educación superior es una problemática frecuente que genera consecuencias negativas en términos personales, educativos y sociales. A fin de aportar información que contribuya a realizar acciones orientadas a su prevención y atención, mediante grupos focales de discusión, los objetivos de este trabajo fueron explorar y caracterizar las distintas manifestaciones de violencia de género que experimentan estudiantes mujeres de una universidad pública del estado de Coahuila, México, así como el tipo de estrategias que llevaron a cabo para enfrentarla. Participaron jóvenes originarias de distintas entidades del país, con edades de entre los 18 y 24 años, algunas madres y otras con autonombramiento como indígenas. La información obtenida se interpretó desde una perspectiva de género. Los resultados muestran que la violencia simbólica es una manifestación constante que experimentaban las universitarias; sin embargo, las estudiantes migrantes y madres en soltería refirieron sufrir acoso y hostigamientos sexual por parte de algunos de sus compañeros y docentes, respectivamente. Aunque se reconoce que los mecanismos normativos no solucionan de raíz la problemática, se justifica la necesidad de su elaboración e implementación para detenerla.

Resumen Este artículo presenta un estudio praxeológico que analiza las reflexiones de los docentes en formación, específicamente, de sus creencias sobre la enseñanza, lo que piensan acerca de las teorías para enseñar inglés y su primera experiencia como maestros. Estas reflexiones fueron compartidas en una comunidad virtual de aprendizaje (CVA) diseñada para promover la reflexión de los docentes en formación en tres momentos: en, sobre y para la acción. Los participantes fueron 25 docentes en formación de un programa de licenciatura en Inglés como lengua extranjera en una universidad privada en Bogotá, Colombia. Se recopilaron datos de las respuestas de los participantes, planeaciones, videos de sus clases compartidas en la CVA y un grupo focal. Los resultados indicaron que al reflexionar en diferentes momentos de la práctica docente y compartir experiencias con otros compañeros, los docentes en formación fueron más conscientes de las teorías de enseñanza de lenguas y su aplicación, sus acciones y decisiones en el aula. Sin embargo, es evidente la necesidad de promover niveles más profundos de reflexión, de manera que los docentes en formación Interpreten y entiendan mejor lo que sucede en su práctica desde un punto de vista crítico y a la luz de la teoría y la realidad de la escuela.

Abstract This paper presents a praxeological study that analyzes pre-setvlce teachers' reflections about their beliefs in teaching, English language teaching theories, and experiences as teachers. These reflections were shared In a VLC (Virtual Learning Community) to promote pre-servlce teachers' reflection in three moments: in, on, and foraction. The participants were 25 pre-setvice teachers from a bachelor's program in English as a foreign language teaching at a private university in Bogotá, Colombia. The data collected came from the participants' responses, lesson plans, video recordings of their classes shared in the VLC, and a focus group. The results indicated that by reflecting on different moments of the teaching practice and sharing experiences with other classmates, pre-servlce teachers became more conscious about language teaching theories, their implementation, their actions, and decisionsin the classroom. However, there is a need to promote deeperlevels of reflection, in which pre-service teachers interpret and understand what happens in their practice better, from a critical point of view and In light of the theory and the reality of the school.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um estudo praxeológico que analisa as reflexões dos professores em formação, especificamente, de suas crenças sobre o ensino, o que pensam sobre as teorias para o ensino de inglês e sua primeira experiência como professores. Estas reflexões foram compartilhadas em uma comunidade virtual de aprendizagem (CVA) projetada para promover a reflexão dos professores em formação em três momentos: em, sobre e para a ação. Os participantes foram 25 professores em formação de um programa de licenciatura em inglês como língua estrangeira em uma universidade privada em Bogotá, Colômbia. Os dados foram coletados a partlrdas respostas dos participantes, planejamentos, vídeos de suas aulas compartilhadas na CVA e um grupo focai. Os resultados indicaram que ao refletir sobre diferentes momentos da prática docente e ao compartilhar experiências com outros colegas, os professores em formação ficaram mais conscientes das teorias do ensino de línguas e sua aplicação, suas ações e decisões em sala de aula. No entanto, é evidente a necessidade de promover níveis de reflexão mais profundos, para que os formandos interpretem e entendam melhor o que acontece na sua prática desde um ponto de vista crítico e à luz da teoria e da realidade da escola.

Abstract Increased frequency of heat waves (HWs) is one of the prominent consequences of climate change. Its impact on human health has been mostly reported in the northern hemisphere but has been poorly studied in the southern hemisphere. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the HWs waves occurred in the warm season 2013-14 on mortality in the center-north region of Argentina, where 22 million people live. It was carried out an observational study of ecological-type contrasting the mortality occurred during the HWs of the summer 2013-14 with the mortality in the summers 2010-11 to 2012-13, free from HWs. The mortality was analyzed according to the following variables: place of residence, age, sex and cause of death. During the HWs of the summer 2013-14, 1877 (RR=1.23, 95%CI 1.20-1.28) deaths in excess were registered. Moreover, the death risk significantly increased in 13 of the 18 provinces analyzed. The mortality rates by sex revealed heterogeneous behaviour regarding both the time and spatial scale. The death risk increased with age; it was particularly significant in four provinces for the 60-79 years group and in six provinces in people of 80 years and over. The death causes that showed significantly increments were respiratory, cardiovascular, renal diseases and diabetes.

Resumo O aumento da frequência das ondas de calor (OsC) é uma das consequências proeminentes das alterações climáticas. O seu impacto na saúde humana tem sido relatado principalmente no hemisfério norte, mas tem sido mal estudado no hemisfério sul. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos das OsC ocorridas no verão de 2013-14 sobre a mortalidade na região centro-norte da Argentina, onde 22 milhões de pessoas vivem. Foi realizado um estudo observacional de tipo ecológico que contrasta a mortalidade ocorrida durante as OsC do verão 2013-14 com a mortalidade nos verões 2010-11 a 2012-13. A mortalidade foi analisada de acordo com local de residência, idade, sexo e causa de morte. Durante as OsC do verão de 2013-14, registaram-se 1.877 (RR=1.23, 95%IC 1.20-1.28) mortes em excesso. O risco de morte (RM) aumentou significativamente em 13 das 18 províncias analisadas. As taxas de mortalidade por sexo revelaram um comportamento heterogêneo tanto no tempo como na escala espacial. O RM foi aumentado com a idade; este aumento foi particularmente significativo em quatro províncias para o grupo de 60-79 anos e em seis províncias em pessoas com mais de 80 anos. As causas de morte que mostraram significativamente incrementos foram: doenças respiratórias, cardiovasculares, renais e diabetes.

Resumo O aumento da frequência das ondas de calor (OsC) é uma das consequências proeminentes das alterações climáticas. O seu impacto na saúde humana tem sido relatado principalmente no hemisfério norte, mas tem sido mal estudado no hemisfério sul. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos das OsC ocorridas no verão de 2013-14 sobre a mortalidade na região centro-norte da Argentina, onde 22 milhões de pessoas vivem. Foi realizado um estudo observacional de tipo ecológico que contrasta a mortalidade ocorrida durante as OsC do verão 2013-14 com a mortalidade nos verões 2010-11 a 2012-13. A mortalidade foi analisada de acordo com local de residência, idade, sexo e causa de morte. Durante as OsC do verão de 2013-14, registaram-se 1.877 (RR=1.23, 95%IC 1.20-1.28) mortes em excesso. O risco de morte (RM) aumentou significativamente em 13 das 18 províncias analisadas. As taxas de mortalidade por sexo revelaram um comportamento heterogêneo tanto no tempo como na escala espacial. O RM foi aumentado com a idade; este aumento foi particularmente significativo em quatro províncias para o grupo de 60-79 anos e em seis províncias em pessoas com mais de 80 anos. As causas de morte que mostraram significativamente incrementos foram: doenças respiratórias, cardiovasculares, renais e diabetes.

Abstract Increased frequency of heat waves (HWs) is one of the prominent consequences of climate change. Its impact on human health has been mostly reported in the northern hemisphere but has been poorly studied in the southern hemisphere. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the HWs waves occurred in the warm season 2013-14 on mortality in the center-north region of Argentina, where 22 million people live. It was carried out an observational study of ecological-type contrasting the mortality occurred during the HWs of the summer 2013-14 with the mortality in the summers 2010-11 to 2012-13, free from HWs. The mortality was analyzed according to the following variables: place of residence, age, sex and cause of death. During the HWs of the summer 2013-14, 1877 (RR=1.23, 95%CI 1.20-1.28) deaths in excess were registered. Moreover, the death risk significantly increased in 13 of the 18 provinces analyzed. The mortality rates by sex revealed heterogeneous behaviour regarding both the time and spatial scale. The death risk increased with age; it was particularly significant in four provinces for the 60-79 years group and in six provinces in people of 80 years and over. The death causes that showed significantly increments were respiratory, cardiovascular, renal diseases and diabetes.

ABSTRACT El estudio evaluó el efecto de temperaturas de almacenamiento de 7 y 22 °C durante 168 h en tomates (cv. Charleston) inoculados con 107 UFC mL-1 de la cepa Escherichia coli del patogrupo enterotoxigénico (ECET) sobre índices de color (ángulo de tono, h° y croma, C*) firmeza, acidez titulable (% ácido cítrico), ácido ascórbico, azúcares solubles totales y azúcares reductores (glucosa, fructosa y sacarosa). ECET sobrevivió con poblaciones de 7 y 9.2 Log UFC g-1 a 7 y 22 °C, respectivamente, hasta las 120 h. La adherencia y colonización bacteriana en ambas condiciones de almacenamiento se confirmaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido. El índice C* y el ácido ascórbico tuvieron valores más altos a 22 °C, mientras que el parámetro h°, firmeza y ácido cítrico tuvieron valores más bajos a la misma temperatura de almacenamiento. La temperatura de 7 °C afectó la concentración de azúcares solubles totales; glucosa y fructosa con valores menores (0,054 y 0,057 g 100 g-1, respectivamente). Finalmente, los frutos inoculados exhibieron diferencias significativas en los parámetros de preferencia del consumidor de tomates frescos como color, firmeza, azúcares y ácidos orgánicos, los cuales se vieron afectadas dependiendo de la temperatura de almacenamiento.

RESUMEN The study evaluated the effect of storage temperatures of 7 and 22 °C for 168 h on tomatoes (Charleston cv.) inoculated with 107 CFU mL-1 of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli pathogroup (ETEC) strain on color indexes (hue angle, h°, and chroma, C*), firmness, titratable acidity (% citric acid), ascorbic acid, total soluble sugars and reducing sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose). ETEC survived with populations of 7 and 9.2 Log CFU g-1 at 7 and 22 °C, respectively until 120 h. Bacterial adherence and colonization under both storage conditions were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The index C* and ascorbic acid had higher values at 22 °C, while the parameters h°, firmness, and citric acid had lower values at the same storage temperature. At 7 °C, the concentration of total soluble sugars was affected; glucose and fructose showed lower values (0.054 and 0.057 g 100 g-1, respectively). Finally, the inoculated fruits exhibited significant differences in the parameters of consumer preference of fresh tomatoes such as color, firmness, sugars, and organic acids, which were affected depending on the storage temperature.

Abstract Background: Pediatric emergence delirium is characterized by a disturbance of a child’s awareness during the early postoperative period that manifests as disorientation, altered attention and perception. The incidence of emergence delirium varies between 18% and 80% depending on risk factors and how it is measured. Reports from Canada, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, and France demonstrated a wide range of preventive measures and definitions, indicating that there is a lack of clarity regarding emergence delirium. We aimed to assess the practices and beliefs among Brazilian anesthesiologists regarding emergence delirium. Methods: A web-based survey was developed using REDCap®. A link and QR Code were sent by email to all Brazilian anesthesiologists associated with the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology (SBA). Results: We collected 671 completed questionnaires. The majority of respondents (97%) considered emergence delirium a relevant adverse event. Thirty-two percent of respondents reported routinely administrating medication to prevent emergence delirium, with clonidine (16%) and propofol (15%) being the most commonly prescribed medications. More than 70% of respondents reported a high level of patient and parent anxiety, a previous history of emergence delirium, and untreated pain as risk factors for emergence delirium. Regarding treatment, thirty-five percent of respondents reported using propofol, followed by midazolam (26%). Conclusion: Although most respondents considered emergence delirium a relevant adverse event, only one-third of them routinely applied preventive measures. Clonidine and propofol were the first choices for pharmacological prevention. For treatment, propofol and midazolam were the most commonly prescribed medications.

ABSTRACT The project is developed for Industrial Engineering Schools in the Latin American context, developing two critical aspects of higher education centers: the employability of students after their training and the role of the University in establishing the facilities to achieve it. The main objective of this study is to characterize the current situation of the employability of Industrial Engineering graduates through the measurement of the current working conditions for the improvement of services and processes that this study demands. Although the study is carried out on high school and undergraduate graduates of industrial engineering, the improvements of services and processes, established as a result of the study, will influence all students of the participating universities and the employability study itself will serve as a basis for future studies extended to the other careers of the institutions. The research proceeds through a quantitative approach, descriptive correlational scope, and a non-experimental transectional correlational design; in which the program curriculum and employability are evaluated by means of a content analysis and questionnaires to graduates. The solutions refer to the establishment of strategic activities towards the integral strengthening of the career, which show the interest of the career with the commitment to academic excellence, through the process of continuous improvement applied in an institution of higher education.

RESUMEN El proyecto se desarrolla para Escuelas de Ingeniería Industrial del contexto Latinoamericano, desarrollando dos aspectos críticos de los centros de Educación superior: la empleabilidad de los estudiantes tras su formación y el papel de la Universidad en establecer las facilidades para lograrlo. El objetivo principal de este estudio es caracterizar la situación actual de la empleabilidad de las personas egresadas de la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial a través de la medición de las condiciones laborales actuales para la mejora de los servicios y procesos que este estudio demande, si bien el estudio se realiza sobre graduados de bachillerato y licenciatura de ingeniería industrial, las mejoras de servicios y procesos, establecidas como consecuencia del estudio, influirán en todos los estudiantes de las universidades participantes y el propio estudio de empleabilidad servirá de base a futuros estudios extendidos a las demás carreras de las instituciones. Se procede a través de una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo correlacional, y un diseño no experimental transeccional correlacional; en la cual el currículo del programa y la empleabilidad, se evalúan por medio de un análisis de contenido y cuestionarios a egresados. Las soluciones se refieren al establecimiento de actividades estratégicas hacia el fortalecimiento integral de la carrera, que ponen de manifiesto el interés de la carrera con el compromiso con la excelencia académica, a través del proceso de mejora continua aplicada en una institución de educación superior.

Abstract To preserve natural resources, reforestation with useful native species has been proposed. An example of the above is Myrtillocactus geometrizans, commonly known as garambullo. This cactus grows in arid areas of Mexico and its fruit is considered a nutraceutical food due to its high content of phytochemical compounds. Therefore, the purpose of the project here described was to assess two reforestation direct systems: with cuttings and with cuttings developed at a nursery. Specimens were selected according to the characteristics of the fruits and health conditions of the plant; as a result, 1 000 cuttings were obtained to use in direct reforestation and 1 000 cuttings to be developed in the nursery. There were five rustic nurseries under the same management conditions to produce garambullo plants, recording new structures (such as roots) and vigor of the cutting. Reforestation was carried out in the El Garabatillo community, Dolores Hidalgo municipality, state of Guanajuato, where the species grows naturally. In the case of direct reforestation, the survival of the plant was 70.3 % with good plant development, while the survival of the plant at the nursery was 90.6 % with good root growth at the time of planting in the field. It was determined that both systems (direct planting and nursery development) are reliable for reforesting lands with garambullo, especially in regions where the species naturally exists.

Resumen Para conservar los recursos naturales se ha propuesto la reforestación con especies nativas que tengan una utilidad. Ejemplo de lo anterior es Myrtillocactus geometrizans, conocido comúnmente como garambullo; esta cactácea crece en zonas áridas de México y su fruto se considera como un alimento nutraceútico por su alto contenido de compuestos fitoquímicos. Por ello, la finalidad del proyecto aquí descrito consistió en evaluar dos sistemas de reforestación directa, con esquejes y con esquejes desarrollados en vivero. Se seleccionaron ejemplares de acuerdo con las características de los frutos y condiciones de sanidad de la planta; como resultado se obtuvieron 1 000 esquejes para usarlos en reforestación directa y 1 000 esquejes para cultivarlos en vivero. Fueron cinco viveros rústicos bajo las mismas condiciones de manejo para producir planta de garambullo; se registró el desarrollo de estructuras nuevas (como raíces) y vigor del esqueje. La reforestación se realizó en la comunidad de El Garabatillo, municipio Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, donde crece la especie de forma natural. En el caso de la reforestación directa, la supervivencia de la planta fue de 70.3 % con una buena evolución de los ejemplares, mientras que la supervivencia de la planta en vivero fue de 90.6 % con un buen desarrollo radicular al momento de la plantación en campo. Se determinó que ambos sistemas (plantación directa y desarrollo en vivero) son confiables para reforestar predios con garambullo, sobre todo en regiones donde la especie existe en forma natural.

Resumen El contenido de etanol en mosto fermentado es el parámetro más importante para la producción de whisky en términos de volumen de destilado por unidad de malta. La biosíntesis de etanol durante la fermentación de mosto depende de muchos factores; no obstante, la cantidad inicial de carbohidratos fermentables afecta significativamente el contenido final de etanol en el mosto fermentado. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes condiciones de maceración y fermentación sobre el contenido de etanol en mosto fermentado; asimismo, determinar las condiciones que contribuyen en el incremento de este compuesto. Se observó que la maceración isotérmica a 65 °C por 3 h, con una relación malta:agua 1:3, resulta en mostos con mayor contenido de carbohidratos fermentables. Además, se determinó que el mejor rendimiento de etanol se obtiene con fermentadores cerrados a 20 °C en mostos de 12.5 °P. Lo anterior resulta en una eficiencia de 0.34 g de etanol/g de sólidos solubles; además de la reducción significativa de metanol y glicerol.

Abstract Ethanol content in fermented wort is the most important parameter for whisky production, in terms of volume of distillate per unit of malt. Ethanol biosynthesis during wort fermentation depends on many factors, however, the initial concentration of fermentable carbohydrates significantly affects the final ethanol content in fermented wort. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different mashing and fermentation conditions on ethanol content in fermented wort, and to determine the conditions that better contribute to the increase of this compound. It was observed that an isothermal mashing of 65 ºC for 3 h, with a 1:3 grist:water ratio, results in worts with high fermentable carbohydrates content. In addition, it was determined that the higher ethanol yield is attained with closed fermenters at 20 ºC and 12.5 ºP worts. These conditions result in a conversion efficiency of 0.34 g of ethanol/g of soluble solids, in fermented worts with reduced amounts of methanol and glycerol.