Abstract: In addition to the existing concern generated during the current COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in the adult population, we see how this pathology affects the pediatric population in the same way. Several countries have declared health alerts for a new syndrome that occurs late in children exposed to COVID-19, called “multisystem inflammatory syndrome”. These patients manifest symptoms si milar to Kawasaki disease, but at rare ages, and it is considered as the cytokine storm manifestation in children. The objective of this review is to present the available information on COVID-19 and its re lationship with Kawasaki’s disease, as well as to explain the current hypothesis of this new syndrome, its physiopathology, clinical presentation, key differences with Kawasaki’s disease, and its possible therapeutic interventions.

Resumen: Adicional a la ya existente preocupación generada durante el actual brote pandémico por el CO- VID-19 en adultos, vemos como esta patología afecta de igual forma a la población pediátrica. Varios países han declarado alertas sanitarias por un nuevo síndrome que ocurre de manera tardía en niños expuestos a COVID-19, denominado “síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico”, quienes manifiestan síntomas similares a la enfermedad de Kawasaki, pero en edades poco frecuentes, siendo considerado como la forma de manifestación de una tormenta de citoquinas en niños. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar la información disponible sobre COVID-19 y su relación con la enfermedad de Kawa saki, además de explicar la hipótesis vigente de este nuevo síndrome, su fisiopatología, presentación clínica, diferencias claves con la enfermedad de Kawasaki y sus posibles intervenciones terapéuticas.

Abstract The objective of the work was to determine the content of protein and dry matter in the seed (%PROTSEMC, %MATSSEMC), shell (%PROTCASC, %MATSCASC) and pulp (%PROTPULC, %MATSPULC), and percentage of carbohydrates (%CARBCA), fat (%GRASCRU) and ash (%CENCA) in the seed of six accessions of chihua pumpkins (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber), native to the Yucatán Península. The accessions evaluated were: Becal, Edzna, Pixoyal, Chihua local, CACAO and CECHET. The sowing was carried out in June 2017 in Pocyaxum, Municipality of San Francisco de Campeche, Mexico, in a randomized block design with three repetitions, analysis of variance and mean comparisons were performed with the Tukey test (p≤ 0.05). The experimental unit consisted of three rows of 6 m in length, separated at 2.40 m and 1.25 m between plants. For the determination of proteins, the Kjeldahl method was used, and following the process described in AOAC (2000). The CECHET accession showed higher (p≤ 0.05) %PROTESEMC, %PROTCASC, %MATSSEMC and %MATSPULC with 33.6, 14.4, 64.9 and 4.29%, respectively. Edzna, Becal, Local Yucatan presented 3.8% PROTPULC less (p≤ 0.05) compared to the CECHET, CACAO and Pixoyal accessions. Edzná presented higher (p≤ 0.05) % GRASCRU with 45.3%. Becal, presented the highest (p≤ 0.05) %CARBCA with 34.7%. The % MATSCASC of the CACAO accession (12.5% MATSCASC) exceeds (p≤ 0.05) those obtained in the rest of the accessions. There were no differences (p≤ 0.05) for the %CENCA. The accession that stood out was CECHET, with the highest percentage of protein in seed, peel, pulp and dry matter in seed and pulp. Accessions with nutritional intake for consumption were identified that can be an alternative for preparing different foods.

Resumen El trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el contenido de proteína y materia seca en la semilla (%PROTSEMC, %MATSSEMC), cascara (%PROTCASC, %MATSCASC) y pulpa (%PROTPULC, %MATSPULC), y porcentaje de carbohidratos (%CARBCA), grasa (%GRASCRU) y ceniza (%CENCA) en la semilla de seis accesiones de calabaza chihua (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber), nativas de la Península de Yucatán. Las accesiones evaluadas fueron: Becal, Edzná, Pixoyal, Chihua local, CACAO y CECHET. La siembra fue realizada en junio de 2017 en Pocyaxum, San Francisco de Campeche, México, con diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones, se realizó análisis de varianza y comparaciones de medias con prueba de Tukey (p≤ 0.05). La unidad experimental consistió en tres surcos de 6 m de longitud, separados a 2.4 m y 1.25 m entre planta. Para la determinación de proteínas se empleó el método Kjeldahl, y siguiendo el proceso descrito en AOAC (2000). La accesión CECHET mostro mayor (p≤ 0.05) %PROTESEMC, %PROTCASC, %MATSSEMC y %MATSPULC con 33.6, 14.4, 64.9 y 4.29%, respectivamente. Edzná, Becal, Local Yucatán presentaron 3.8% PROTPULC menos (p≤ 0.05) en comparación a las accesiones CECHET, CACAO y Pixoyal. Edzná presento mayor (p≤ 0.05) %GRASCRU con 45.3%. Becal, presento mayor (p≤ 0.05) %CARBCA con 34.7%. El %MATSCASC de la accesión CACAO (12.5% MATSCASC) superan (p≤ 0.05) al resto de las accesiones. No hubo diferencias (p≤ 0.05) para %CENCA. La accesión que sobresalió fue CECHET, con mayor porcentaje de proteína en semilla, cascara, pulpa y materia seca en semilla y pulpa. Se identificaron accesiones con aporte nutricional para consumo que pueden ser alternativa para elaboración de distintos alimentos.

Resumo A Revisão Periódica Universal (RPU) do Conselho de Direitos Humanos (CDH) da ONU representa uma inovação no monitoramento de direitos humanos no plano internacional. Ao debater com hipóteses sobre shaming, este artigo se afasta da divisão entre aliados e não-aliados para verificar, no âmbito da RPU, a postulação dos interesses dos países do chamado Triângulo Norte e México sobre a proteção dos imigrantes nos EUA. A partir da análise das recomendações realizadas aos EUA no campo migratório, argumentamos que a variável principal a determinar a dinâmica relacional da decisão de fazer e acatar recomendações é o estoque de migrantes indocumentados originários dos países revisores em território estadunidense. Conclui-se que a RPU representa mais do que um espaço de produção de shaming, mas uma oportunidade política para que os países, inclusive os menos poderosos, coloquem publicamente seus interesses diante da potência hegemônica, o que torna ainda mais grave a recente saída dos EUA do CDH.

Abstract The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) represents an innovation in the monitoring of human rights in international level. Discussing with hypotheses about shaming, this article stands back from the division between allies and non-allies to verify, within the scope of UPR, the postulation of the interests of the countries of the so-called Northern Triangle and Mexico on the protection of immigrants in the US. From the analysis of the recommendations made to the US in the migratory field, we argue that the primary variable to determine the relational dynamics of the decision to make and follow recommendations is the stock of undocumented migrants from the recommending countries in the US. The article concludes that UPR represents more than a space to produce shaming, but a political opportunity for countries, including the less powerful ones, to publicly put their interests before the hegemonic power, which makes the recent US exit from HCR even more serious.

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue describir y analizar los patrones de prescripción de fármacos antiulcerosos, los factores asociados a su prescripción y su costo en pacientes ambulatorios polimedicados en un período de 6 meses, en una Entidad Promotora de Salud (EPS) colombiana a nivel nacional. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal, basado en registros electrónicos de prescripción de medicamentos ambulatorios de 2 458 447 afiliados. Se incluyeron pacientes con prescripción de 5 o más fármacos por mes y se excluyeron aquellos cuyos registros transaccionales no tenían información completa para su análisis. Se evaluó la asociación entre prescripción de fármacos antiulcerosos y factores que justifican su prescripción mediante los odds ratio (OR) calculados a partir de un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: de 2 458 447 afiliados, 60 671 pacientes estuvieron polimedicados mensualmente; 40% tuvieron fármacos antiulcerosos y 70% fármacos gastrolesivos. De los gastroprotegidos, 47% fueron adultos mayores y 12% tuvieron asociado diagnóstico de riesgo gastrointestinal superior. Gastroprotección no justificada en 35% de los pacientes polimedicados, representando $75 millones de pesos colombianos (COP) mensuales. No hubo asociación estadística entre la prescripción de antiulcerosos y factores que justifiquen su prescripción (OR: 1,13; IC 95%: 1,00-1,27). Conclusión: ante la falta de asociación entre la prescripción de fármacos antiulcerosos y los factores que la justifican, es probable que su prescripción se haya realizado por la polifarmacia per se. Se recomienda optimizar la gastroprotección y reservarla a pacientes con más de un gastrolesivo y riesgo gastrointestinal superior, estén estos polimedicados o no

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe and analyze patterns of use of prescription ulcer drugs, factors associated with prescriptions by physicians, and costs for outpatients With polypharmacy at a Colombian healthcare promotion entity (EPS) over a six-month period. Methodology: This is a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study based on electronic records of drugs prescribed to 2,458,447 outpatient members. Patients who took five or more prescription drugs per month were included. Patient were excluded if their records in the transactional data were not complete enough for analysis. Associations between anti-ulcer drugs and factors justifying their prescription were evaluated by the odds ratio (OR) which was calculated from a logistic regression model. Results: Of the 2,458,447 affiliates of the EPS, on average 60,671 patients had polypharmacy each month: 40% used anti-ulcer drugs and 70% used gastro-damaging drugs. Of the gastroprotected patients, 47% were elderly and 12% had associated diagnoses of upper gastrointestinal risk. Gastroprotection was not justified in 35% of patients with polypharmacy. This represents 75 million Colombian pesos every month. There was no statistical association between prescription of anti-ulcer drugs and factors that justify their prescription (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.27). Conclusion: Given the lack of association between prescription of anti-ulcer drugs and factors which justify such prescriptions, it is likely that prescriptions contribute to polypharmacy per se. We recommended optimizing gastroprotection by reserving it for patients with more than one gastrointestinal lesion and with upper gastrointestinal risks whether or not they have polypharmacy

Introducción: Las mutaciones en el LRRK2 (del inglés gen leucinerich repeat kinase 2) o Dardarina se consideran una causa común de enfermedad de Parkinson autosómica dominante. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de estas mutaciones varia en diferentes poblaciones. Objetivo: Snalizar la frecuencia de la mutación p.G2019S (transición c.6055 G>A) del gen LRRK2en una muestra de pacientes colombianos. Métodos: En el presente estudio analizamos la frecuencia de la mutación en 154 pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson familiar o esporádica, y 162 controles normales. Resultados: Se determinó la presencia de la mutación en 2 casos de Parkinson (2/154, 1.3%) los cuales presentan los signos clásicos de la enfermedad y en un control completamente asintomático (1/162, 0.6%). Conclusión: La mutación p.G2019S no es un factor causal importante de la Enfermedad de Parkinson en la población Colombiana, y muestra frecuencias similares a las reportadas en otras poblaciones latinoamericanas.

Introduction: Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2 or Dardarin) are considered to be a common cause of autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson's disease, but the prevalence of these mutations varies among populations. Objective: To analyzed the frequency of the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation (c.6055G>A transition) in a sample of Colombian patients. Methods: In the present study we have analyzed the frequency of the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation in 154 patients with familial or sporadic Parkinson Disease, including early and late onset patients, and 162 normal controls. Results: Our results show occurrence of this mutation in two cases (2/154, 1.3%) with classical Parkinson's signs, and one completely asymptomatic control (1/162, 0.6%). Conclusion: The p.G2019S mutation is not an important causal factor of Parkinson Disease in Colombia having similar frequencies to those reported in other Latin American populations.

Hybrid parallel computing infrastructure between processors and graphics cards is a work environment that has permitted the development of solutions to problems that demands elevate computing resources or problems that should process big data streams in real time. In this environment, infrastructures were configured and administrated to solve diverse problems that exploit the potentialities of a high performance cluster, built using standard hardware components. This environment allows reusing the same hardware infrastructure to solve heterogeneous problems on different applications fields. The present investigation is the result of employ an parallel focus that integrate tools, methods, techniques, standards, paradigms, algorithm design and applications development, aiming to maximize the use of multicore processors and graphics processing units by using hybrids programming models. The study ends with a platform that has been developed employing a horizontal focus that grants the modeling of new and complex computational problems, minimizing their response times.

La infraestructura de computación paralela híbrida entre procesadores y tarjetas gráficas es un entorno que permite la ejecución de soluciones paralelas que demandan elevados requisitos de cómputo o que realizan el procesamiento de grandes flujos de datos en tiempo real. En este entorno se han configurado y administrado infraestructuras paralelas para la solución de disímiles problemas que aprovechan las potencialidades que ofrece un clúster de alto rendimiento, construido empleando componentes de hardware estándar. Este entorno posibilita reutilizar la misma infraestructura de hardware para resolver problemas heterogéneos de diferentes campos de aplicación. La presente investigación es el resultado de emplear un entorno paralelo que integra herramientas, métodos, técnicas, estándares, paradigmas, diseño de algoritmos y desarrollo de aplicaciones, con el objetivo de maximizar el aprovechamiento de los procesadores multinúcleos y las tarjetas de procesamiento gráfico empleando modelos de programación híbridos. El estudio finaliza con la obtención de una plataforma que ha sido desarrollada empleando un enfoque horizontal, lo que posibilita la modelación de nuevos problemas computacionalmente complejos, logrando minimizar sus tiempos de respuestas.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para a propagação vegetativa do jequitibá-rosa (Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze), por meio da técnica de estaquia, avaliando-se a sobrevivência e capacidade produtiva das cepas em coletas sucessivas de estacas em jardim clonal. A sobrevivência, o enraizamento, a altura, o vigor e a biomassa radicular e foliar das estacas, em razão da aplicação de diferentes dosagens do regulador de crescimento ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e do tipo de estaca utilizado. O jardim clonal foi constituído de plantas oriundas a partir de mudas de material seminal, com uma densidade de nove plantas por m², estabelecidas em solo. Foram feitas avaliações quanto ao enraizamento das estacas em dois períodos de tempo diferentes do ano, em casa de vegetação (aos 120 dias), em casa de sombra (aos 140 dias) e em pleno sol (aos 170 dias) após o estaqueamento. A aplicação do AIB não teve efeito na maioria das características avaliadas. No entanto, quanto ao tipo de estaca, as apicais foram as que apresentaram maiores valores para as características estudadas. A sobrevivência das cepas foi de 100% e a produção de brotações mostrou tendência crescente nas coletas sucessivas. Conclui-se que a propagação vegetativa do jequitibá-rosa pela técnica de estaquia é viável, principalmente quando se utilizam estacas apicais, e a aplicação de AIB não mostrou efeitos destacados que indiquem a sua utilização na propagação do jequitibá-rosa pela estaquia.

The present studyaimed to develop a vegetative propagationmethodology for jequitibá-rosa (Carinianaestrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze) by using the technique of cuttings evaluating the survival and productive capacity of the strains in successivecuttings collections in the clonal garden.Moreover, wereevaluated the rooting, height, vigor and root biomass and leaf cuttings due to the application of different dosages of growth regulator (IBA) and type of cutting. The clonal garden was built from plants derived from seedlings coming from seminal material with a density of 9 plants per m² established directly in the soil. Rootingevaluations were performedin two periods of the year, in a greenhouse (at 120 days), in the shade (at 140 days) and atfull sun (at 170 days), after the establishment. The application of IBA did not influencemost of the evaluated characteristics; however, as for the type of cutting, the apical stumps presented the greatest values for the studied characteristics. The survival of strains was 100% and production of shoots showed a rising trend in successive collections. It is concluded that the vegetative propagation of jequitibá-rosa by cutting technique is feasible, especially when using apical cuttings. IBA application promotedno significant effects, indicating that its use is not necessaryforpropagation by cuttings of jequitibá-rosa.

Los sistemas de soporte a la decisión (DSS) y el comercio electrónico (CE) han surgido como áreas individuales. Sin embargo, actualmente, y desde hace unos años, los DSS y el CE se han fusionado para traer mayores ventajas y valor agregado a los clientes. Es sabido que existen diversos tipos de DSS y de categorías y modelos de negocio de CE. Por tal razón, la aplicabilidad de una área sobre la otra se expande a las posibles combinaciones que se puedan realizar entre esta diversidad de categorías. Algunos ejemplos representativos están relacionados con, por ejemplo, los sitios de subastas que a través de la aplicación de agentes inteligentes se pueda saber sobre cuál producto ofertar o cuándo y dónde vender; los portales web para clientes y empleados, los DSS permiten controlar la información de la empresa a la que pueden acceder y de esta forma tomar decisiones; las tiendas virtuales se pueden afectar positivamente con la aplicación de data mining y data warehouse; en los sistemas de servicio al cliente se podrían usar complejos algoritmos de predicción y análisis "qué sucedería si" para identificar oportunidades de ingresos en mercados competitivos; y un sinnúmero más de aplicaciones, en donde el limite es la imaginación. Se requiere que las investigaciones en DSS/CE sean continuas debido al constante surgimiento de nuevos modelos de negocio y de subsistemas DSS. Para cada uno, las aplicaciones pueden ser variadas y aportar de forma bidireccional. Los nuevos mecanismos de interacción y los esfuerzos por satisfacer al cliente son también el centro de inspiración para nuevas aplicaciones de sistemas DSS en el comercio electrónico.

Decision support systems (DSS) and e-business (EB) have emerged as separate areas. However, currently, and for some years now, DSS and EB have become merged to provide customers with greater benefits and added value. There are different types of DSS and different categories and business models for EB; one area's applicability to the other thus expands the possible combinations which can arise from such different categories. Some representative examples would include auction sites which, through applying intelligent agents, can learn about which products to offer or when and where to sell them; DSS allow a company's information avilable in web portals for customers and employees to be accessed in a controlled way and decisions thus made; virtual stores may be positively affected by data mining and data warehousing being applied; complex algorithms could be used in customer relationship management for predicting and analysing "what would happen if" to identify revenue opportunities in competitive markets; and a wide range of other applications where imagination is the limit. Research into DSS / BE must be ongoing due to the constant emergence of new business models and DSS subsystems. Applications can be varied and provide bi-directional support for each one. New interaction mechanisms and efforts to satisfy customers are also the focus of inspiration for new applications for DSS systems in EB.

OBJETIVOS: Confirmar observações anteriores (PARRA e col. 19,20) que sugeriam a possibilidade de fazer crescer o fígado em animais intactos, por estímulo hepatotrófico exógeno, ultrapassando seu tamanho biologicamente pré-determinado. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Dois grupos de fêmeas de ratos Wistar, foram injetadas diariamente na cavidade peritoneal (40 ml/kg) por sete dias consecutivos com as seguintes soluções: GRUPOA (controle) - solução salina com carboximetilcelulose (CMC) a 0.25%; GRUPO B - solução de fatores hepatotróficos exógenos constituída de glicose, aminoácidos, insulina, glucagon, vitamins, eletrólitos, trilodotironina e CMC na mesma concentração do grupo controle. No oitavo dia os animais foram sacrificados e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: variação da massa hepática e DNA total do fígado dos animais do grupo experimental em relação ao grupo controle. RESULTADOS: Foi observado crescimento da massa hepática de 114,16 ± 7,9% acima do esperado e aumento do DNA total hepático de 12,99 ± 0,46 mg para 20,17 por fígado (p=0.0002). CONCLUSÃO: O aumento do tamanho do fígado a partir de sua massa primitiva, estimulada por fatores hepatotróficos exógenos, pode vir a ter aplicações em hepatologia, como em casos de cirroses revertendo parcialmente as alterações histológicas e funcionais, ou em transplantes intre-vivos, criando maior massa hepática a ser dividida entre doador e receptor.

In mammals, liver size is related to animal body weight at the 2.5 to 3% proportion, a ratio mediated by the afflux of hepatotrophic factors. Formulas capable of modifying this ratio have been developed in previous studies on the rat, with enhancement of liver size brought about by intraperitoneal (portal) infusion of exogenous factors such as glucose, amino acids, insulin, glucagon, vitamins, electrolytes, and triiodothyronine. However, the efficacy of these formulations was accompanied by increased animal mortality (PARRA et al.19,20 ). The present study, which was carried out with small methodological modifications on a larger number of rats using daily intraperitoneal injections of a solution of exogenous hepatotrophic factors (40 ml/kg) for seven days, confirms the previous findings, with a 114.16 ± 7.90% enhancement of liver size beyond the expected value for the body weight of the animal. However, the problem of animal mortality was not fully resolved.

OBJETIVOS: Estudar em ratos, a repercussão da desnutrição calórico-protéica na morfologia hepática, comparativamente com o emagrecimento dos animais e com a redução do tamanho de órgãos não irrigados por sangue esplâncnico como rins e baço. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Em dois grupos de ratos, um alimentado "ad libitum" e outro sem alimento, só com água por 7 dias, foram deteminadas as modificações no peso dos animais, nas massas do fígado, rins e baço, proteína, DNA e relação proteína/DNA no tecido hepático e tamanho dos hepatócitos. RESULTADOS: Foi observado que o fígado diminuiu de massa (27,41%) em proporção significantemente maior (p<0,05) que o emagrecimento corpóreo (19,22%). Rins e baço tiveram suas massas reduzidas em 18,68% e 24,28%, respectivamente, semelhante à diminuição do peso corpóreo. A redução da massa hepática ocorreu por hipoplasia e atrofia, respectivamente diminuição no número e no tamanho dos hepatócitos. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que existe um consumo preferencial de proteína hepática na desnutrição calórico-protéica que poderia eventualmente resultar da ação aditiva dos efeitos do consumo geral de reservas orgânicas pela desnutrição em si e da redução do estímulo hepatotrófico.

We studied the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the liver morphology of rats as compared to animal emaciation and to reduction in size of the organs not irrigated by splanchnic blood such as kidneys and spleen. The animals were divided into two groups, one of them fed ad libitum rate (N=10) and the other (N=14) receiving water but no food for 7 days, and the changes in animal weight, liver, kidney and spleen mass were determined. DNA and the protein/DNA ratio, as well as hepatocyte size, were determined in liver tissue. The liver decreased in mass (27.14%) at a significantly higher proportion (p<0.05) when compared to body emaciation (19.22%). Similar to the reduction in body weight, the masses of kidneys and spleen were reduced by 18.68% and 24.28%, respectively. The reduction in liver mass occurred due to hypoplasia and atrophy, i.e., a decrease in hepatocyte number and size, respectively. We conclude that there is a preferential consumption of liver protein in protein-energy malnutrition which is suggested to result from the additive action of the effects of overall consumption of organic reserves due to malnutrition proper and to the reduction of the hepatotrophic stimulus.