SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Fetal thymus involvement in prematurity has been studied, and this study aimed to evaluate its relationship with short cervix and amniotic fluid sludge in the second trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 79 pregnant women (19+0 to 24+6 weeks) were included, and cervical length and the presence or absence of amniotic fluid sludge were evaluated. In the three-vessel view of the fetal thorax, the thymus was identified, and its perimeter and transverse diameter were measured and transformed to a zeta score based on gestational age. RESULTS: Data from 22 women with short cervix (<25 mm) and 57 patients with normal cervix (≥25 mm) were analyzed. The transverse diameter of the fetal thymus was significantly greater in the short cervix group compared to that of the normal cervix group (z-score 2.708 vs. −0.043, p=0.003). There were no significant differences in the perimeter (z-score −0.039 vs. −0.071, p=0.890) or the transverse diameter (z-score 1.297 vs. −0.004, p=0.091) of the fetal thymus associated with the presence (n=21) or absence of sludge (n=58). CONCLUSION: A short cervix is associated with an increased transverse diameter of the fetal thymus during the second trimester of gestation.

Abstract The Neotropical armored catfish genus Harttia presents a wide variation of chromosomal rearrangements among its representatives. Studies indicate that translocation and Robertsonian rearrangements have triggered the karyotype evolution in the genus, including differentiation of sex chromosome systems. However, few studies used powerful tools, such as comparative whole chromosome painting, to clarify this highly diversified scenario. Here, we isolated probes from the X1 (a 5S rDNA carrier) and the X2 (a 45S rDNA carrier) chromosomes of Harttia punctata, which displays an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y multiple sex chromosome system. Those probes were applied in other Harttia species to evidence homeologous chromosome blocks. The resulting data reinforce that translocation events played a role in the origin of the X1X2Y sex chromosome system in H. punctata. The repositioning of homologous chromosomal blocks carrying rDNA sites among ten Harttia species has also been demonstrated. Anchored to phylogenetic data it was possible to evidence some events of the karyotype diversification of the studied species and to prove an independent origin for the two types of multiple sex chromosomes, XX/XY1Y2 and X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y, that occur in Harttia species. The results point to evolutionary breakpoint regions in the genomes within or adjacent to rDNA sites that were widely reused in Harttia chromosome remodeling.

RESUMO Objetivo: Glaucoma é a principal causa de cegueira irreversível no mundo. O pico da pressão intraocular é um dos principais fatores de risco para progressão do glaucoma, e o controle pressórico ainda é o único tratamento efetivo para todas as formas de glaucoma. O objetivo principal deste estudo é comparar a redução basal e do pico da pressão intraocular, obtidas através do Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica, entre os dois olhos dos mesmos pacientes utilizando latanoprosta 0,005% em um olho e submetidos à aplicação de trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva no olho contralateral. Métodos: Este é um estudo prospectivo, intervencionista, longitudinal e randomizado. Trinta pacientes consecutivos, glaucomatosos, com pressão intraocular controlada em uso de monoterapia com latanoprosta, foram recrutados de um único centro oftalmológico. Os olhos dos pacientes foram randomizados e um olho foi selecionado para tratamento com trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva e olho contralateral tratado com colírio de latanoprosta 0,005%. Foram avaliados a pressão intraocular basal e pico de pressão intraocular um mês (Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 2) e seis meses (Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 3) após tratamento. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística entre a pressão intraocular pré washout entre os olhos randomizados para trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva e latanoprosta, 13,6 ± 2,1 e 13,3 ± 1,8 mmHg, respectivamente (p=0,182). Em relação à pressão intraocular basal, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos, tanto no Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 2 (p=0,689) e Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 3 (p=0,06). Não houve diferença estatística em relação ao pico de pressão intraocular entre os grupos trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva e latanoprosta, no Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 2 (p=0,771) e Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 3 (p=0,774). Conclusões: Em resumo, nosso estudo demonsrou que a eficácia da redução pressórica é similar entre latanoprosta e trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva, e pacientes glaucomatosos que estão com a pressão intraocular clinicamente controlados com latanoprosta e trocam de tratamento para trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva mantém sua pressão intraocular controlada.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Peak intraocular pressure is one of the main risk factors for glaucoma progression, and intraocular pressure reduction remains the only therapeutic strategy for all types of glaucoma. The main purpose of our study was to compare the baseline and peak intraocular pressure reduction obtained with the water drinking test between the two eyes of the same patients using 0.005% latanoprost in one eye and selective laser trabeculoplasty application in the contralateral eye. Methods: This was a prospective, interventional, longitudinal, and randomized clinical trial, in which 30 consecutive glaucomatous patients, medically controlled using latanoprost monotherapy, were recruited from a single ophthalmological center. The patients’ eyes were randomized, and one eye was selected for SLT treatment and topical 0.005% latanoprost was introduced in the contralateral eye. The baseline intraocular pressure and peak intraocular pressure were evaluated 1 month (water drinking test 2) and 6 months (water drinking test 3) after treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean pre-washout intraocular pressure in the randomized eyes for selective laser trabeculoplasty and latanoprost (13.6 ± 2.1 and 13.3 ± 1.8 mmHg, respectively; p=0.182). Regarding baseline intraocular pressure, there was no significant difference in the water drinking test 2 (p=0.689) and water drinking test 3 (p=0.06) between the groups. There was no significant difference in the intraocular pressure peak between the SLT and latanoprost groups at water drinking test 2 (p=0.771) or water drinking test 3 (p=0.774). Conclusions: The intraocular pressure reduction efficacy is similar between latanoprost and selective laser trabeculoplasty. Glaucomatous patients who are medically controlled with latanoprost and switch treatment to selective laser trabeculoplasty maintain control of intraocular pressure.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar se o uso de pessário cervical associado a progesterona em gestações de gêmeos dicoriônicos-diamnióticos (DC-DAs) com colo do útero curto (≤ 25 mm) apresenta taxa de parto prematuro (PP) equivalente à de gestações gemelares DC-DA sem nenhuma intervenção/não selecionadas. Métodos Um estudo de coorte histórica foi realizado entre 2010 e 2018, incluindo um total de 57 mulheres grávidas com gestações gemelares DC-DA. As mulheres admitidas de 2010 a 2012 (n = 32) não receberam tratamento, e não foram selecionadas pelo comprimento cervical (grupo Não Tratado, GNT), enquanto as admitidas de 2013 a 2018 (n = 25) receberam pessário cervical rotineiramente associado a progesterona após o diagnóstico de colo curto entre a 18a e a 27ª semanas de gestação (grupo Pessário-Progesterona, GPP). O desfecho primário analisado foi a taxa de PP antes de 34 semanas. Resultados Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre o GNT e o GPP em relação ao PP < 34 semanas (respectivamente, 18,8%; versus 40,0%;; p = 0,07) e ao peso médio ao nascer do gêmeo menor (2.037 ± 425 g versus 2.195 ± 665 g; p = 0,327). A análise de Kaplan-Meyer foi realizada, e não houve diferenças entre os grupos antes de 31,5 semanas. A regressão logística demonstrou que o nascimento prematuro anterior (< 37 semanas) apresentou razão de probabilidades (odds ratio, OR) de 15,951 (intervalo de confiança de 95%; [IC95%;]: 1,294-196,557; p = 0,031*) para o nascimento prematuro < 34 semanas no GPP. Conclusão Em gêmeos DC-DA com colo uterino curto (o que significa maior risco de nascimento prematuro), o tratamento com pessário cervical associado a progesterona pode ser considerado equivalente em diversos aspectos relacionados à prematuridade no GNT, apesar da grande diferença entre os grupos.

Abstract Objective The present study aims to determine if the use of cervical pessary plus progesterone in short-cervix (≤ 25 mm) dichorionic-diamniotic (DC-DA) twin pregnancies is equivalent to the rate of preterm births (PBs) with no intervention in unselected DC-DA twin pregnancies. Methods A historical cohort study was performed between 2010 and 2018, including a total of 57 pregnant women with DC-DA twin pregnancies. The women admitted from 2010 to 2012 (n = 32) received no treatment, and were not selected by cervical length (Non-Treated group, NTG), whereas those admitted from 2013 to 2018 (n = 25), were routinely submitted to cervical pessary plus progesterone after the diagnosis of short cervix from the 18th to the 27th weeks of gestation (Pessary-Progesterone group, PPG). The primary outcome analyzed was the rate of PBs before 34 weeks. Results There were no statistical differences between the NTG and the PPG regarding PB < 34 weeks (18.8%; versus 40.0%; respectively; p = 0.07) and the mean birthweight of the smallest twin (2,037 ± 425 g versus 2,195 ± 665 g; p = 0.327). The Kaplan-Meyer Survival analysis was performed, and there were no differences between the groups before 31.5 weeks. Logistic regression showed that a previous PB (< 37 weeks) presented an odds ratio (OR) of 15.951 (95%; confidence interval [95%;CI]: 1.294-196.557; p = 0.031*) for PB < 34 weeks in the PPG. Conclusion In DC-DA twin pregnancies with a short cervix, (which means a higher risk of PB), the treatment with cervical pessary plus progesterone could be considered equivalent in several aspects related to PB in the NTG, despite the big difference between these groups.

Resumo Os peixes gigantes da América do Sul do gêneroArapaima, comumente conhecidos como pirarucus, são um dos mais icônicos de Osteoglossiformes. Estudos citogenéticos prévios identificaram suas características cariotípicas, entretanto a caracterização da diferenciação citotaxonômica através de suas distribuições geográficas ainda são desconhecidas. Nesse estudo, nós comparamos características cromossômicas utilizando técnicas de citogenética clássica e molecular em populações das bacias dos rios Amazonas e Tocantins-Araguaia, a fim de verificar se há alguma diferenciação entre representantes desse gênero. Nossos dados revelaram que indivíduos de todas as populações apresentam número diploide de 2n=56 cromossomos e que seus cariótipos são compostos de 14 pares de cromossomos meta- e submetacêntricos e 14 pares de subtelo- e acrocêntricos. Os sítios maiores e menores de rDNA estão localizados em pares cromossômicos separados, onde os sítios maiores de rDNA correspondem a grandes blocos heterocromáticos. Hibridizações genômicas comparativas (CGH) mostraram que o genoma dos espécimes dessas populações é amplamente compartilhado, devido à falta de sinais substanciais específicos. Nossos dados de citogenética comparativa do pirarucu sugerem que embora diferenças genéticas significativas ocorram entre populações, os padrões cariotípicos gerais se mantêm conservados.

Abstract The South American giant fishes of the genus Arapaima, commonly known as pirarucu, are one of the most iconic among Osteoglossiformes. Previously cytogenetic studies have identified their karyotype characteristics; however, characterization of cytotaxonomic differentiation across their distribution range remains unknown. In this study, we compared chromosomal characteristics using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols in pirarucu populations from the Amazon and Tocantins-Araguaia river basins to verify if there is differentiation among representatives of this genus. Our data revealed that individuals from all populations present the same diploid chromosome number 2n=56 and karyotype composed of 14 pairs of meta- to submetacentric and 14 pairs of subtelo- to acrocentric chromosomes. The minor and major rDNA sites are in separate chromosomal pairs, in which major rDNA sites corresponds to large heterochromatic blocks. Comparative genomic hybridizations (CGH) showed that the genome of these populations shared a great portion of repetitive elements, due to a lack of substantial specific signals. Our comparative cytogenetic data analysis of pirarucu suggested that, although significant genetic differences occur among populations, their general karyotype patterns remain conserved.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o efeito da panfotocoagulação retiniana nos parâmetros topográficos do disco óptico em pacientes não glaucomatosos com retinopatia diabética proliferativa. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional prospectivo e unicêntrico. Trinta e oito olhos de 26 pacientes diabéticos foram submetidos à panfotocoagulação retiniana para retinopatia diabética proliferativa. As estereofotografias e os parâmetros do disco óptico foram avaliados usando o retinógrafo Visucam da Zeiss e o oftalmoscópio confocal de varredura a laser (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph), respectivamente, no início e 12 meses após a conclusão da panfotocoagulação. Resultados: Trinta e oito olhos de 26 pacientes (15 mulheres) com média de idade de 53,7 anos (intervalo de 26-74) foram recrutados. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre a média horizontal e vertical para relação escavação/disco óptico determinadas pelas estereofotografias antes e após o tratamento com panfotocoagulação retiniana (p=0,461 e 0,839, respectivamente). Os valores globais dos parâmetros do disco óptico analisados com a tomografia de varredura a laser não mostraram nenhuma mudança significativa entre o início até os 12 meses, incluindo disk area, cup area, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, C/D area ratio, linear C/D ratio, mean cup depth, maximum cup depth, cup shape measure, height variation contour, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness e cross-sectional area. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que a panfotocoagulação retiniana não causa alterações morfológicas no disco óptico em pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa após um ano de seguimento.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the effect of panretinal photocoagulation on optic disk topographic parameters in non-glaucomatous patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This was a prospective, single-center, observational study. Thirty-eight eyes of 26 patients with diabetes underwent panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Stereoscopic disk photographs and optic nerve head parameters were evaluated using the Zeiss fundus camera and the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph), respectively, at baseline and 12 months after the completion of panretinal photocoagulation. Results: Thirty-eight eyes of 26 patients (15 female) with a mean age of 53.7 (range 26-74) years were recruited. No significant difference was found between the stereo photography determined mean horizontal and vertical cup-to-disk ratio before and after panretinal photocoagulation treatment (p=0.461 and 0.839, respectively). The global values of the optic nerve head parameters analyzed with the HRT3 showed no significant change from baseline to 12 months, including the disk area, cup area, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, cup-to-disk area ratio, linear cup-to-disk ratio, mean cup depth, maximum cup depth, cup shape measure, height variation contour, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and cross-sectional area. Conclusion: Our results suggest that panretinal photocoagulation does not cause morphological optic disk changes in patients with diabetic proliferative retinopathy after 1 year of follow-up.

Abstract Aim: Reactive oxygen species and high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines are related to diseases that are often triggered during the aging process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity physical exercise, twice a week, on oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. Methods: Participants were older women aged 60-70 years, engaged in a moderate-intensity exercise program carried out in 60 minutes sessions, twice a week, for 24 weeks. Exercise sessions consisted of step, resistance and stretch exercises. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum iron and cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and IL-1ra were determined using specific kits. Physical fitness was assessed using tests provided by AAPHERD. A paired t test was performed. Results: Moderate-intensity exercise program provided a reduction in lipid peroxidation (27%) and in the serum release of prooxidant iron ions (40%). Cytokine levels were reduced by 37% for IL-6, 16% for IL-1β and 32% for IL-1ra. Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (13%), muscular endurance (11%) and flexibility (12%) were also observed. Conclusion: Diminished redox state and inflammation were obtained using a twice-weekly exercise program. These results have important implications for older adults who are unable or unwilling to attend exercise programs more than twice a week. Moreover, these results could re-establish the minimum exercise activity necessary for obtaining health benefits in the elderly population.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in nonglaucomatous patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: This is a prospective, single center, observational study. Thirty-eight eyes of 26 diabetic patients underwent PRP for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured using scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) with variable corneal compensation (GDx VCC; by Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Heidelberg Spectralis, Carlsbad, USA) at baseline and 12 months after PRP was performed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eyes of 26 patients (15 female) with a mean age of 53.7 years (range 26 to 74 years) were recruited. No significant difference was found among all RNFL thickness parameters tested by GDx VCC software (p=0.952, 0.464 and 0.541 for temporal-superior-nasal-inferior-temporal (TSNIT) average, superior average, inferior average, respectively). The nerve fiber indicator (NFI) had a nonsignificant increase (p=0.354). The OCT results showed that the average RNFL thickness (360° measurement) decreased nonsignificantly from 97.2 mm to 96.0 mm at 1 year post-PRP (p=0.469). There was no significant difference when separately analyzing all the peripapillary sectors (nasal superior, temporal superior, temporal, temporal inferior, nasal inferior and nasal thickness). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that PRP, as performed in our study, does not cause significant changes in peripapillary RNFL in diabetic PDR patients after one year of follow-up.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a espessura de coroide (EC) e sua variação durante o teste de sobrecarga hídrica (TSH) em olhos emétropes (EE) e míopes (ME) utilizando a tomografia de coerência óptica Spectral-Domain (SD-OCT). Métodos: Ensaio clinico realizado em um hospital terciário. 30 olhos selecionados randomizadamente, 15 míopes e 15 emétropes de 15 pacientes em cada grupo foram submetidos ao TSH e scans maculares com SD-OCT realizados 10 e 45 minutos após a ingestão de água. Os principais resultados avaliados foram média da EC na região macular pelo SD-OCT e pressão intraocular (PIO) durante o TSH. Resultados: O equivalente esférico médio foi de 0.15 ± 0.24 dioptrias em emétropes e -7,1 ± 1,75 dioptrias nos olhos míopes (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas durante a resposta ao TSH entre EE e ME. EE apresentaram maior EC em comparação com ME, tanto na região foveal (361,4 ± 55,4 vs 257,9 ± 95,3; p<0,001), 3 milímetros nasal à fóvea (158,0 ± 71,8 vs 122,5 ± 54,5; p=0,047) e 3 mm temporal à fóvea (310,6± 52.4 vs 247,6 ± 90,1; p=0,05). Em relação à variação da EC, diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram demonstrados na região foveal, 10 minutos após a ingestão de água em ambos EE e ME, sem diferenças entre os grupos. Moderada correlação entre pico de PIO durante o TSH e EC foi demonstrada em ME ( r=0,52; p=0,04). Conclusão: A diferença na variação da EC provocada pelo TSH não foi estatisticamente diferente entre olhos emétropes e míopes, o que sugere um comportamento semelhante da coroide nestes dois grupos quando submetidos ao TSH. Além disso, a EC é mais fina nos olhos alto míopes, e a variação na EC não explica o aumento da PIO durante o TSH.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate variations in choroidal thickness (CT) during the water drinking test (WDT) in emmetropic eyes (EE) and highly myopic eyes (ME) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Clinical trial performed at a tertiary care hospital comprising 30 randomly selected eyes. The WDT and SD-OCT macular scans were performed 10 and 45 min after water ingestion in 15 myopic and 15 EE of 15 healthy patients in each group. Primary study outcomes were average macular CT measured by SD-OCT and intraocular pressure (IOP) during the WDT. Results: The mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.15 ± 0.24 D in emmetropic and -7.1 ± 1.75 D in ME (p<0.001). No statistical differences between EE and ME were observed during the WDT response. EE had higher CT compared with ME at the fovea (361.4 ± 55.4 vs 257.9 ± 95.3; p<0.001), 3 mm nasal to the fovea (158.0 ± 71.8 vs 122.5 ± 54.5; p =0.047), and 3 mm temporally to the fovea (310.6 ± 52.4 vs 247.6 ± 90.1; p=0.05). Regarding CT variation, significant differences in foveal CT at 10 min after water ingestion were observed in both EE and ME, with no statistically significant difference observed between groups. A moderate correlation between IOP peak during the WDT and CT was demonstrated in ME (r=0.52; p=0.04). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences in CT variation during the WDT were observed between EE and ME, indicating similar behavior of the choroidal bed during the WDT in both groups. Further, CT was thinner in highly ME, with CT variation unable to explain elevations in IOP observed during the WDT.

Objective Thyroid disease affects 6.6% of the general population. The liver is fundamental in metabolizing thyroid hormones, and hepatocytes are often affected in thyroid disease. We aimed to compare clinical and laboratory parameters among thyroid disease patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels above vs. below the upper tertile. Subjects and methods A retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the endocrinology clinic at Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital. Patients with thyroid disease between August 2012 and January 2014 were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected from medical records. Results One hundred patients were included, of which 14.0% were male, with a mean age of 49.1 ± 14.4 years. ALT levels ranged from 9 to 90 U/L, and the ALT upper tertile was defined as 0,64 times the upper normal limit (xUNL). Patients with ALT levels above the upper tertile exhibited a higher proportion of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), a higher mean abdominal circumference and a higher frequency of elevated TSH levels than did patients with ALT levels below the upper tertile. In multivariate analysis, ALT ≥ 0.64 (xUNL) was independently associated with abdominal circumference (odds ratio [OR] = 0.087, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0012-0167, P = 0.022). ALT (xUNL) correlated positively with total cholesterol (r = 0.213, P = 0.042). Conclusions In patients with thyroid diseases, it was observed that those with ALT above the upper tertile are associated with abdominal circumference and ALT levels correlate with total cholesterol.

O eletroretinograma de padrão reverso é utilizado para avaliar a função das camadas internas da retina, particularmente a camada de células ganglionares retinianas, utilizando um estímulo em xadrez ou barras alternantes, mantendo constante o nível de contraste total. A resposta transiente normal é constituída por uma onda positiva (P50) seguida de uma onda maior negativa (N95). A neuropatia óptica glaucomatosa causa perda progressiva das células ganglionares da retina, detectável como anormalidades no exame, especialmente na onda N95. Por isso, o eletroretinograma de padrão reverso pode ser útil no diagnóstico e seguimento de pacientes glaucomatosos. Este artigo é uma revisão atualizada dos dados publicados a respeito da capacidade do eletroretinograma de padrão reverso em detectar alterações retinianas induzidas pelo glaucoma.

Pattern electroretinography is used to assess the function of the inner retinal layers, particularly the retinal ganglion cell layer, using a reversing checkerboard or grating pattern that maintains a constant overall mean luminance over time. A normal transient response comprises a positive component of the wave (P50) followed by a longer negative component of the wave (N95). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy causes progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, potentially detectable as abnormalities on examination, particularly in the N95 component. Therefore, pattern electroretinography may be useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of glaucoma. The present article is an updated review of published data regarding the use of pattern electroretinography for the detection of glaucoma-induced retinal changes.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados em curto e médio prazo dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca minimamente invasiva robô-assistida. MÉTODOS: De março de 2010 a março de 2013, 21 pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca robô-assistida. Os procedimentos realizados foram: plastia valvar mitral, troca valvar mitral, cirurgia de correção da fibrilação atrial, correção cirúrgica da comunicação interatrial, ressecção de tumor intracardíaco, revascularização do miocárdio totalmente endoscópica e pericardiectomia. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 48,39±18,05 anos. O tempo médio de circulação extracorpórea foi de 151,7±99,97 minutos, e o tempo médio de pinçamento aórtico foi de 109,94±81,34 minutos. O tempo médio de intubação orotraqueal foi de 7,52±15,2 horas, sendo que 16 (76,2%) pacientes foram extubados ainda em sala operatória, imediatamente após o procedimento. O tempo médio de permanência em unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 1,67±1,46 dias. Não houve conversões para esternotomia. Não houve óbito intra-hospitalar ou mesmo durante o seguimento em médio prazo dos pacientes. A média do tempo de acompanhamento dos pacientes foi de 684±346 dias, variando de 28 dias a 1096 dias. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia cardíaca robô-assistida mostrou-se exequível, segura e efetiva, podendo ser aplicada na correção de diversas patologias intra e extracardíacas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short and medium-term outcomes of patients undergoing robotic-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery. METHODS: From March 2010 to March 2013, 21 patients underwent robotic-assisted cardiac surgery. The procedures performed were: mitral valve repair, mitral valve replacement, surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, surgical correction of atrial septal defect, intracardiac tumor resection, totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass surgery and pericardiectomy. RESULTS: The mean age was 48.39±18.05 years. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 151.7±99.97 minutes, and the mean aortic cross-clamp time was 109.94±81.34 minutes. The mean duration of intubation was 7.52±15.2 hours, and 16 (76.2%) patients were extubated in the operating room immediately after the procedure. The mean length of intensive care unit stay was 1.67±1.46 days. There were no conversions to sternotomy. There was no in-hospital death or deaths during the medium-term follow-up. Patients mean follow up time was 684±346 days, ranging from 28 to 1096 days. CONCLUSION: Robotic-assisted cardiac surgery proved to be feasible, safe and effective and can be applied in the correction of various intra and extracardiac pathologies.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the 24-hour repeatability of diurnal intraocular pressure patterns in glaucomatous and ocular hypertensive individuals. METHODS: A prospective analysis of 88 eyes from 88 ocular hypertensive or open-angle glaucoma patients was conducted on diurnal tension curves obtained by the same examiner on two consecutive days. The intraclass correlation coefficient test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-eight eyes from 88 patients were analyzed. Fifty-seven patients (64.8%) were female. The mean age of all participants was 68.7 (SD 10.8, range 51-79) years. The intraclass correlation coefficient values for measurements at 8 AM, 11 AM, 2 PM, and 4 PM were 0.80, 0.82, 0.83, and 0.86, respectively (all intraclass correlation coefficient values, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Diurnal intraocular pressure data collected on a single day characterize the diurnal intraocular pressure variability over 24 hours in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between central corneal thickness and outflow facility assessed by intraocular pressure peak and fluctuation during the water drinking test. METHODS: Fifty-five newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma patients submitted to central corneal thickness measurements and water drinking test were enrolled in this retrospective study.;. Patients were divided into three groups according to their central corneal thickness. Pearson's Correlation test was performed in the groups with lower and higher pachymetric values. RESULTS: The mean age was 65,65 ± 28,28 years; 63,63% were female and 52,72% were caucasian. The mean central corneal thickness was 544,32 ± 36,86 µm, and the mean baseline intraocular pressure was 23,36 ± 6,26 mmHg. During the water drinking test, the mean intraocular pressure peak and mean intraocular pressure fluctuation were 30,43 ± 8,13 mmHg and 31,46 ± 18,46%, respectively. No relevant correlation was detected between the central corneal thickness and the intraocular pressure peak (r² = 0,021) or between the central corneal thickness and the intraocular pressure fluctuation (r² = 0,011). Group 1 presented a mean central corneal thickness of 505,81 ± 13,86 µm, and Group 3 was 583,55 ± 27,87 µm (p = 0,001). The mean intraocular pressure peak was 31,05 ± 9,05 mmHg and 27,83 ± 4,92 mmHg in Group 1 and in Group 3, respectively (p = 0,193). The difference of intraocular pressure fluctuation was not statistically significant between Group 1 (mean 28,47±16,25%) and Group3 (mean 33,27 ± 21,27%) (p = 0,43). CONCLUSION: In our case series, no correlation was found between central corneal thickness and water drinkingtest results.