RESUMO A ocorrência de ectasia corneana após ceratectomia fotorrefrativa é uma complicação rara, porém grave, em cirurgia refrativa. Os possíveis fatores de risco não são bem avaliados, mas a opinião atual é que a falha na detecção de ceratocone pré-operatório possa ser o principal motivo. Neste relato, descrevemos um caso de ectasia corneana após ceratectomia fotorrefrativa em paciente apresentando padrão tomográfico suspeito no pré-operatório, mas sem alterações degenerativas associadas a ceratocone patológico, conforme revelado por microscopia confocal in vivo da córnea. Além disso, revisamos, na literatura, relatos de casos elegíveis de ectasia pós-ceratectomia fotorrefrativa para encontrar características semelhantes. rara grave refrativa avaliados préoperatório pré operatório motivo relato préoperatório, operatório, patológico córnea disso revisamos literatura pósceratectomia pós semelhantes

ABSTRACT The occurrence of corneal ectasia after photorefractive keratectomy is a rare but serious complication of refractive surgery. Possible risk factors are not well assessed, but a probable reason is the failure to detect keratoconus preoperatively. In this report, we describe a case of corneal ectasia after photorefractive keratectomy in a patient who presented a suspicious tomography pattern preoperatively but had no degenerative alterations associated with pathologic keratoconus, as revealed by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. We also review eligible case reports of post-photorefractive keratectomy ectasia to find similar characteristics. surgery assessed report microscopy postphotorefractive post characteristics

RESUMO A ocorrência de ectasia corneana após ceratectomia fotorrefrativa é uma complicação rara, porém grave, em cirurgia refrativa. Os possíveis fatores de risco não são bem avaliados, mas a opinião atual é que a falha na detecção de ceratocone pré-operatório possa ser o principal motivo. Neste relato, descrevemos um caso de ectasia corneana após ceratectomia fotorrefrativa em paciente apresentando padrão tomográfico suspeito no pré-operatório, mas sem alterações degenerativas associadas a ceratocone patológico, conforme revelado por microscopia confocal in vivo da córnea. Além disso, revisamos, na literatura, relatos de casos elegíveis de ectasia pós-ceratectomia fotorrefrativa para encontrar características semelhantes.

ABSTRACT The occurrence of corneal ectasia after photorefractive keratectomy is a rare but serious complication of refractive surgery. Possible risk factors are not well assessed, but a probable reason is the failure to detect keratoconus preoperatively. In this report, we describe a case of corneal ectasia after photorefractive keratectomy in a patient who presented a suspicious tomography pattern preoperatively but had no degenerative alterations associated with pathologic keratoconus, as revealed by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. We also review eligible case reports of post-photorefractive keratectomy ectasia to find similar characteristics.

Resumo Fundamento Tem sido demonstrado que um aumento dos níveis séricos de PON1 é protetor contra vários distúrbios. Foi relatado que vários polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms ) do gene PON1 estão associados a níveis e atividade de proteínas enzimáticas séricas. Objetivos Investigar a associação de SNPs do PON1 e atividade da paraoxonase sérica com a doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Métodos Foram estudados 601 pacientes não relacionados submetidos à angiografia coronária, incluindo aqueles com estenose >50% (N=266) e aqueles com estenose <30% (N=335). Os SNPs rs662 e rs840560 do gene da paraoxonase foram determinados utilizando o método ARMS-PCR e o SNP rs705379 foi genotipado utilizando análise de PCR-RFLP. A atividade da paraoxonase sérica foi medida utilizando paraoxon como substrato. O valor de p<0,05 foi considerado significante. Resultados A atividade da paraoxonase sérica não foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos de estudo. Após ajuste para idade, sexo, hipertensão, diabetes mellitus e dislipidemia, o genótipo GG e o modelo codominante de rs662 foram positivamente associados a uma angiografia positiva (respectivamente, OR = 2,424, IC 95% [1,123-5,233], p <0,05, OR = 1,663, IC 95% [1,086-2,547]). A atividade da paraoxonase sérica foi significativamente maior no alelo G e variante GG do polimorfismo rs662, alelo A e variante AA de rs854560 e alelo C e variante CC de rs705379. A análise de haplótipos mostrou que o haplótipo ATC foi significativamente mais prevalente no grupo com angiografia negativa. A análise entre os grupos indicou que o alelo A de rs662 foi significativamente associado à menor atividade da paraoxonase no grupo com angiografia positiva (p=0,019). Conclusões A presença do alelo G do polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único rs662 está independentemente associada ao aumento do risco de DAC.

Abstract Background It has been shown that increased serum PON1 levels are protective against several disorders. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PON1 gene have been reported to be associated with serum enzyme protein levels and activity. Objective To investigate the association of SNPs of PON1 and serum paraoxonase activity with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 601 unrelated patients who underwent coronary angiography including those who had >50% stenosis (N=266) and those with <30% stenosis (N=335) were studied. The Paraoxonase gene rs662 and rs840560 SNPs were determined using the ARMS-PCR method and the rs705379 SNP was genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. Serum paraoxonase activity was measured using paraoxon as a substrate. A p value of p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results Serum paraoxonase activity was not significantly different between the study groups. After adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, the GG genotype and co-dominant model of rs662 was positively associated with a positive angiogram (respectively, OR=2.424, 95%CI [1.123-5.233], p<0.05, OR=1.663, 95%CI [1.086-2.547]). Serum paraoxonase activity was significantly higher in the G allele and GG variant of rs662, A allele and AA variant of rs854560 and C allele and CC variant of rs705379. The haplotype analysis has shown that the ATC haplotype was significantly more prevalent among the angiogram negative group. The analysis between groups indicated that the A allele of rs662 was significantly associated with lower paraoxonase activity in the positive angiogram group (p=0.019). Conclusions The presence of the G allele of the rs662 single nucleotide polymorphism is independently associated to increased risk of CAD.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a utilidade de quatro algoritmos diferentes para corrigir erros de medição sem contato da pressão intraocular em pacientes saudáveis e com ceratocone. Métodos: A pressão intraocular não corrigida e as pressões intraoculares corrigidas foram medidas em um olho de 34 pacientes com ceratocone e 34 pacientes do grupo controle saudável pareados por idade e gênero usando a tecnologia Corvis Scheimpflug. Foi calculada a correlação da pressão intraocular não corrigida e das pressões intraoculares corrigidas com idade, comprimento axial e formato, espessura e biomecânica da córnea. As pressões intraoculares corrigidas foram comparadas com a pressão intraocular não corrigida usando o teste t pareado, e gráficos de Bland-Altman (limites de concordância de 95%). Resultados: A pressão intraocular não corrigida correlacionou-se com a espessura da córnea e com os parâmetros biomecânicos em ambos os grupos (todos p≤0,047) e a ceratometria média frontal e posterior no grupo com ceratocone (r=-0,39, p=0,02, r=0,39, p=0,02, respectivamente). Após o ajuste com diferentes algoritmos de correção da pressão intraocular, a pressão intraocular corrigida biomecanicamente revelou uma correlação mínima com as características da córnea e uma diferença não significativa com a pressão intraocular não corrigida no grupo saudável (-0,1 ± 1,1 mmHg, p=0,58; limites de concordância de 95%: -2,3 a 2,1 mmHg). Conclusões: A medição da pressão intraocular usando tonometria sem contato e suas formas corrigidas usando fórmulas lineares, simples, baseadas na espessura da córnea em pacientes com ceratocone estão associadas a muitos erros. O uso de fórmulas mais complexas que consideram mais parâmetros de rigidez da córnea além da espessura da córnea, como fórmula de pressão intraocular corrigida biomecanicamente, pode ser mais confiável e benéfico neste grupo de pacientes.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of four different algorithms to correct noncontact intraocular pressure measurement errors in keratoconus patients and normal individuals. Methods: Noncorrected intraocular pressure and corrected intraocular pressures were measured in one eye of 34 patients with keratoconus and 34 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using Corvis Scheimpflug Technology. The correlation of noncorrected intraocular pressure and corrected intraocular pressures with age, axial length, corneal shape, thickness, and biomechanics was calculated. Corrected intraocular pressures were compared with noncorrected intraocular pressure using paired t test and Bland-Altman plots (95% limits of agreement). Results: The noncorrected intraocular pressure correlated with corneal thickness and biomechanical parameters in both groups (all p≤0.047), and front and back mean keratometry in the keratoconus group (r=-0.39, p=0.02, and r=0.39, p=0.02, respectively). After adjustment with different intraocular pressure correction algorithms, biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure showed a minimal correlation with corneal features and a nonsignificant difference with noncorrected intraocular pressure in the healthy group (-0.1 ± 1.1 mmHg, p=0.58; 95% limits of agreement: -2.3 to 2.1 mmHg). Conclusions: Measuring intraocular pressure using noncontact tonometry and its corrected forms with a corneal thickness-based simple linear formula in patients with keratoconus is associated with many errors. Using more complex formulas that take into consideration more corneal stiffness parameters in addition to corneal thickness, such as biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure formula, may be more reliable and beneficial in this group of patients.

RESUMO Contexto: O papel dos alimentos lácteos na doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) tem sido controverso e é discutível se os pacientes com DII devem ou não evitar leite e laticínios, bem como a relação entre esses alimentos e sintomas nesta população. Objetivo: Estudo transversal multicêntrico foi projetado para avaliar se é realmente necessário privar os pacientes com DII do consumo desta classe de alimentos. Métodos: Um estudo multicêntrico com 12 centros de referência em gastroenterologia de quatro países foi projetado para avaliar sintomas gastrointestinais após o consumo de alimentos lácteos em todos os ambulatórios de DII durante seis meses e comparar pacientes tratados nos mesmos centros sem DII. Resultados: No total, foram incluídos 1888 casos (872 pacientes com DII e 1016 casos sem DII. 56,6% dos participantes eram do sexo feminino com idade média de 40,1 anos. 79,8% dos participantes eram caucasianos e originalmente eram cidadãos de 10 países. A prevalência relativa de DII foi maior em africanos e indianos e a prevalência mais frequente de intolerância a alimentos lácteos observada nos asiáticos. Entre os pacientes com DII, 571 casos foram diagnosticados como colite ulcerativa e 189 participantes como doença de Crohn. A duração média do diagnóstico como DII foi de 6,8 anos (de 2 meses a 35 anos). Os sintomas de gastrointestinais mais prevalentes após o consumo de todos os alimentos lácteos foram inchaço e dor abdominal. No total, a intolerância aos alimentos lácteos e a deficiência de lactase foi mais prevalente entre os pacientes com DII em comparação com os casos sem DII (65,5% vs 46,1%, P=0,0001). A taxa de queixas gastrointestinais entre os pacientes com DII que não tinham histórico familiar de deficiência de lactase, histórico de sensibilidade alimentar ou ambos foram de 59,91%, 52,87% e 50,33% respectivamente e semelhantes aos casos sem DII (P=0,68, 0,98 e 0,99, respectivamente). Conclusão: A taxa de intolerância de alimentos lácteos entre pacientes com DII sem histórico familiar de deficiência de lactase ou histórico de sensibilidade alimentar é semelhante aos casos sem DII e provavelmente não há razão para privá-los dessa importante fonte de cálcio dietético, vitamina D e outros nutrientes.

ABSTRACT Background: The role of dairy foods in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been controversial and it is debatable if patients with IBD should avoid milk and dairy products or not, as well as the relationship between these foods and symptoms among those population. Objective: This multi centric cross-sectional study designed to evaluate if it is really necessary to deprive IBD patients from consumption of dairy foods. Methods: A multicenter study with 12 gastroenterology referral centers in four countries was designed to evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms after consumption of dairy foods from all outpatients with IBD during 6 months and to compare patients treated at the same centers without IBD (non IBD cases). Results: Overall 1888 cases included (872 IBD patients and 1016 non IBD cases). 56.6% of participants were female with average age of 40.1 years. Racially 79.8% participants were Caucasians and originally they were citizens of 10 countries. Relative prevalence of IBD was higher in Africans and Indians and the most frequent prevalence of dairy foods intolerance was seen in Asians. Among IBD patients, 571 cases diagnosed as ulcerative colitis and 189 participants as Crohn’s disease. Average duration of diagnosis as IBD was 6.8 years (from 2 months to 35 years). The most prevalent GI symptoms after consumption of all the dairy foods were bloating and abdominal pain. Totally, intolerance of dairy foods and lactase deficiency was more prevalent among IBD patients in comparison with non IBD cases (65.5% vs 46.1%, P=0.0001). But the rate of GI complains among IBD patients who had not any family history of lactase deficiency, history of food sensitivity or both were 59.91%, 52.87% & 50.33% respectively and similar to non IBD cases (P=0.68, 0.98 & 0.99 respectively). Conclusion: The rate of dairy foods intolerance among IBD patients without family history of lactase deficiency or history of food sensitivity is similar to non IBD cases and probably there is no reason to deprive them from this important source of dietary calcium, vitamin D and other nutrients.

Resumo Fundamento: O índice de massa corporal (IMC) é o índice mais usado para categorizar uma pessoa como obesa ou não-obesa, e está sujeito a limitações importantes. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito direto do IMC nos desfechos cardiovasculares em participantes sem obesidade central. Métodos: Esta análise incluiu 14.983 homens e mulheres com idades entre 45-75 anos do Estudo de Risco de Aterosclerose em Comunidades (ARIC). O IMC foi medido como obesidade geral e a circunferência da cintura (CC), a relação cintura-quadril (RCQ) e circunferência do quadril como obesidade central. A estimativa de máxima verossimilhança direcionada (TMLE, no acrônimo em inglês) foi usada para estimar os efeitos totais (TEs) e os efeitos diretos controlados (CDEs). A proporção de ET que seria eliminada se todos os participantes fossem não obesos em relação à obesidade central foi calculada usando o índice de proporção eliminada (PE). P<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. As análises foram realizadas no pacote TMLE R. Resultados: O risco de desfechos cardiovasculares atribuídos ao IMC foi significativamente revertido com a eliminação da obesidade na RCQ (p <0,001). A proporção eliminada dos efeitos do IMC foi mais tangível para participantes não obesos em relação à CC (PE = 127%; IC95% (126,128)) e RCQ (PE = 97%; IC95% (96,98)) para doença arterial coronariana (DAC), e RCQ (PE = 92%; IC95% (91,94)) para acidente vascular cerebral, respectivamente. Com relação ao sexo, a proporção eliminada dos efeitos do IMC foi mais tangível para participantes não obesos em relação a RCQ (PE = 428%; IC95% (408.439)) para DAC em homens e CC (PE = 99%; IC95% (89,111)) para acidente vascular cerebral em mulheres, respectivamente. Conclusão: Esses resultados indicam diferentes efeitos potenciais da eliminação da obesidade central na associação entre IMC e desfechos cardiovasculares em homens e mulheres. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):879-886)

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used index to categorize a person as obese or non-obese, which is subject to important limitations. Objective: To evaluate the direct effect of BMI on cardiovascular outcomes among participants without central obesity. Methods: This analysis included 14,983 males and females aged 45-75 years from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC). BMI was measured as general obesity, and waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and hip circumference as central obesity. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) was used to estimate the total effects (TEs) and the controlled direct effects (CDEs). The proportion of TE that would be eliminated if all participants were non-obese regarding central obesity was computed using the proportion eliminated (PE) index. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analyses were performed in the TMLE R package. Results: The risk of cardiovascular outcomes attributed to BMI was significantly reversed by eliminating WHR obesity (p<0.001). The proportion eliminated of BMI effects was more tangible for non-obese participants regarding WC (PE=127%; 95%CI (126,128)) and WHR (PE=97%; 95%CI (96,98)) for coronary heart disease (CHD), and WHR (PE=92%; 95%CI (91,94)) for stroke, respectively. With respect to sex, the proportion eliminated of BMI effects was more tangible for non-obese participants regarding WHR (PE=428%; 95%CI (408,439)) for CHD in males, and WC (PE=99%; 95%CI (89,111)) for stroke in females, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate different potential effects of eliminating central obesity on the association between BMI and cardiovascular outcomes for males and females. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):879-886)

ABSTRACT An analytical method based on vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection is presented for the extraction and determination of malondialdehyde) MDA (in blood plasma of human. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, vortex and centrifuge times, volume, ionic strength and pH of the sample solution were evaluated using, one-variable-at-a-time and response surface methodology. In order to optimize the MDA extraction and determination, seven factors in five- levels were used for design of experiments (DOE). Under optimum extraction condition, this method showed linear range of calibration curve between 10–1150 μg L–1. The detection limit of the proposed method was found to be 0.8 μg L–1 with a relative standard deviation better than 5.5% (n=10) for blood serum samples. Enrichment factor was calculated to be 175 fold and the total analysis time including microextraction was about 13 min. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of MDA in blood plasma of human.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic potential of honey, Nigella sativa (N. sativa) and their combination in rat model of excisional wound healing. Methods: A circular excision wound was established in the back region of 50 Wistar rats. Subsequently, they were divided into 5 groups and daily topical administration of lanolin in the control group, honey in the honey group, cold-pressed N. sativa seed oil in the N. sativa groups, mix of 1:1 ratio of honey and N. sativa seed oil in the mix group, and phenytoin cream in the phenytoin group were used. Then, wound surface areas were evaluated using digital camera immediately after the injury and at post excision days 5, 10, 15 and 20. Results: Significant reduction in wound surface area was observed within and between the groups (P < 0.001). In the post excision days 5, 10, 15 and 20 the wound surface areas in the mix group were significantly lower than the other groups followed by the phenytoin, honey, N. sativa, and control groups. Conclusion: The wound healing may be improved and accelerated by using topical solutions of honey, N. sativa seed oil and especially their mixture.

ABSTRACT This work describes a simple photometric determination of iodine concentrations in urine using a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method. After digestion of the urine samples with ammonium persulfate, iodide was oxidized with nitrous acid to ICl2– anion at concentrated hydrochloric acid, then Rhodamine B is added and the ion-pair formed was extracted into a mixture of toluene (extracting phase) and ethanol (dispersive solvent) and measured spectrophotometrically. By means of this sensitive method, iodine concentrations can be determined in very small amount of urine specimens (250 μL). The calibration curve showed good linearity within the range of 100-900 μg.L–1 (R2 = 0.985), and the limit of detection for urine was 33.3 μg.L–1. The mean recovery of urine were 95.9-101.2 % with RSD of 2.6-6.6 %. The accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated by comparing to the standard Kolthoff-Sandell method. This suggested method affords a number of advantages, such as being simple, rapid, and inexpensive, with low organic solvent consumption, and is remarkably free from interference effects, rendering it an efficient method for the determination of iodine in urine samples in any routine clinical laboratory.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é encontrar associação entre cognição e resultados de exames ecocardiográficos e angiográficos, com base em avaliações neuropsicológicas. Método: Foi avaliada a cognição de 85 pacientes que foram submetidos a angiografia coronária. O escore de Gensini foi calculado para o índice de doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Foi realizado também, o exame ecocardiográfico a fim de descobrir os índices de funcionamento cardíaco. Resultados: A fração de ejeção do ventrículo inferior esquerdo está correlacionada com a baixa pontuação na capacidade visual e espacial, função executiva, velocidade de processamento/atenção e memória verbal (p ≤ 0,05). Alto escore de Gensini e tamanho do átrio esquerdo correlacionados com baixa função executiva, velocidade de processamento/atenção (p ≤ 0,05). No grupo de pacientes com estado cognitivo prejudicado, alto escore de Gensini correlacionado com diminuição da velocidade de processamento/atenção (p = 0,01) e índice e' associado a baixa capacidade da função executiva (p = 0,05). Conclusão: Diminuição da velocidade de processamento/atenção e da função executiva pode estar correlacionado a disfunção cardíaca e DAC. O Color Trail Test pode ser considerado para uma triagem simples de problemas cognitivos em pacientes idosos com DAC ou disfunção diastólica.

ABSTRACT We aimed to determine whether there is an association between cognition and the results of echocardiography and angiography, based on neuropsychological assessments. Methods: We assessed the cognition of 85 patients who had recently undergone coronary artery angiography. We calculated the Gensini score for the coronary artery disease index. We also performed echocardiography to find indices of cardiac functioning. Results: The lower left ventricular ejection fraction correlated with lower scores on visuospatial, executive function, processing speed/attention and verbal memory capacities (p ≤ 0.05). A higher Gensini score and left atrial size correlated with lower executive function and processing speed/attention (p ≤ 0.05). In the group of patients with an impaired cognitive state, higher Gensini scores correlated with decreased processing speed/attention (p = 0.01) and the e' index was associated with lower capacity of executive function (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Decreased processing speed/attention and executive function may correlate with cardiac dysfunction and coronary artery disease. The Color Trail Test may be considered for simple screening for cognitive problems in elderly patients with coronary artery disease or diastolic dysfunction.

ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis is a worldwide tropical infectious disease caused by different species of intracellular protozoa parasites of the genus Leishmania . Herein, we report a 78-year-old man with unusual diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) who had a history of opium abuse and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He had multiple papular, crusted and severely ulcerated lesions extended to his arm and chest. Direct smears and skin punch biopsy of the lesions were suggestive of leishmaniasis. Parasite DNA was amplified from ulcers, and identified as Leishmania major by PCR-RFLP, confirmed by sequencing analyses. The aim of the current study was to bring to attention this atypical form of disease in CL endemic countries. Thus, this is the first case of DCL in an opium abuser with COPD due to L. major in Northeastern Iran indicating that atypical and extensive forms of CL (DCL) owing to L. major are increasing in Iran.

Abstract Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P) is a common congenital malformation worldwide, with complex etiology. It has been proposed that interaction of genes and environmental factors play a role in the predisposition to this disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between AXIN2 (axis inhibition protein 2) rs7224837, BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) rs17563, and IRF6 (interferon regulatory factor 6) rs861019 and 2235371 polymorphisms and NSCL/P in an Iranian population. Material and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 132 unrelated NSCL/P patients and 156 healthy subjects. The variants were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The findings suggest that BMP4 rs17563 polymorphism significantly decreased the risk of NSCL/P in codominant (OR=0.36, 95%CI=0.17-0.79, p=0.012, CT vs CC and OR=0.11, 95%CI=0.01-0.88, p = 0.019, TT vs CC), dominant (OR=0.30, 95%CI=0.15-0.62, p = 0.0007, CT+TT vs CC), recessive (OR=0.12, 95%CI=0.02-0.99, p = 0.023, TT vs CC+CT), overdominant (OR=0.39, 95%CI = 0.18-0.84, p=0.021, CT vs CC+TT), and allele (OR=0.28, 95%CI=0.15-0.55, p<0.0001, T vs C) inheritance models. Our findings did not support an association between AXIN2 rs7224837 and IRF6 rs861019 polymorphism and risk/protection of NSCL/P. The IRF6 2235371 variant was not polymorphic in our population. Conclusion: The results indicate that the BMP4 rs17563 variant is likely to confer a protective effect against the occurrence of NSCL/P in a sample of the southeast Iranian population.

Resumen Antecedentes: Aunque el uso de enzimas degradadoras de polisacáridos no amiláceos (NSPasas) en dietas a base de maíz, avena, centeno, cebada o trigo ha sido investigado, se ha prestado poca atención a la mezcla de trigo y cebada como materias primas básicas para la alimentación del pollo de engorde. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de diferentes niveles de enzimas NSP comerciales en dietas basadas en maíz y en la mezcla de trigo/cebada sobre el crecimiento, calidad de la canal y metabolitos sanguíneos del pollo de engorde. Métodos: Trescientos pollos machos de 1 d de edad (Ross-308) fueron alimentados con dos dietas (una dieta a base de maíz y una dieta basada en trigo/cebada), dos enzimas comerciales (Kemin® y Rovabio®), y dos niveles de enzimas (0,025 y 0,05%) en un arreglo factorial de 2×2×2, desde el d 1 al 42 de edad. Resultados: En general, las aves alimentadas con dietas a base de maíz (con o sin suplementación enzimática) consumieron más alimento (p<0,05) durante todo el experimento, mostraron mayor aumento de peso (p<0,05) y menor FCR (p<0,05) en comparación con la dieta basada en trigo/cebada (con o sin suplementación enzimática). Sin embargo, cuando se proporcionaron las enzimas, la FCR no mejoró en las aves alimentadas con la dieta a base de maíz. Por el contrario, en las aves alimentadas con trigo/cebada aumentó el peso corporal y la conversión alimenticia mejoró (p<0,05) con la inclusión de 0,05% NSPasas. Los tratamientos dietarios no afectaron (p>0.05) las características económicas de la canal, mientras que parámetros de bioquímica sanguínea como glucosa, colesterol, VLDL y HDL cambiaron (p<0,05) al incorporar enzimas en la dieta. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran la bioeficacia de xilanasas y glucanasas en dietas avícolas a base de trigo/cebada, ricas en NSPasas, lo que se podría traducir en beneficios económicos para el productor.

Abstract Background: Although the use of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPases) in corn, oat, rye, barley or wheat-based broiler diets has already been researched for some years, little attention has been given to the mixture of wheat and barley, as basic raw materials for broiler feed. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of commercial NSP enzymes in corn or in the mixture of wheat/barley-based diets on growth performance, carcass quality and blood parameters of broilers. Methods: Three hundred 1 d-old male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were fed two basal diets (corn and a wheat/barley-based diets), two commercial feed enzymes (Kemin® and Rovabio®), and two enzyme levels (0.025 and 0.05%) in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement, from 1 to 42 d of age. Results: Overall, birds fed corn-based diets with or without enzyme supplementation consumed more feed (p<0.05) over the entire experiment, experienced higher weight gain (p<0.05) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR; p<0.05) when compared with wheat/barley-based diet. Notwithstanding, FCR did not improve in birds fed corn-based diets with enzymes, while gain and FCR improved (p<0.05) feeding wheat/barley-based diets with 0.05% NSPases. Economical traits of carcass were not affected (p>0.05) by the treatments, while blood biochemistry parameters, such as glucose, VLDL and HDL changed (p<0.05) when enzymes were supplied. Conclusion: Our results show bio-efficacy of feeding xylanases and glucanases in wheat/barley based-poultry diets, rich in NSPases, which could translate into economic benefits.

Resumo Antecedentes: Embora o uso de enzimas degradadoras de polisacarideos não amiláceos (NSPasas) em dietas de frangos de corte à base de milho, aveia, centeio, cevada ou trigo já venha a ser estudada há vários anos, pouca atenção tem sido dada à mistura de trigo e cevada como matérias-primas básicas para a ração de frangos. Objetivo s: Avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de enzimas NSP comerciais em dietas à base de milho e à base da mistura de trigo/cevada sobre o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade da carcaça e os parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos em frangos de corte. Métodos: Trezentos frangos de corte machos de 1 d de idade (Ross-308) foram alimentadas com duas dietas basais (uma à base de milho e outra à base de trigo e cevada), dois produtos enzimáticos comerciais (Kemin® e Rovabio®) e dois níveis dessas enzimas (0,025 e 0,05%), num arranjo fatorial 2×2×2, de 1 a 42 d de idade. Resultados: Em geral, as aves alimentadas com dietas à base de milho (com ou sem suplementação enzimática) consumiram mais alimentos (p <0,05) ao longo do experimento, apresentaram maior ganho de peso (p <0,05) e menor RRF (p<0,05) em comparação com a dieta à base de trigo/cevada (com ou sem suplementação enzimática). No entanto, quando as enzimas foram fornecidas, o FCR não melhorou em aves alimentadas com a dieta à base de milho. Em contraste, em aves alimentadas com trigo/cevada, o peso corporal aumentou e a conversão alimentar melhorou (p<0,05) com inclusão de 0,05% de NSPasas. Os tratamentos dietéticos não afetaram as características econômicas da carcaça (p>0,05), enquanto os parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue, como glicose, colesterol, VLDL e HDL, mudaram (p<0,05) ao incorporar enzimas na dieta. Conclusão: Os resultados confirmam a bioeficiência da inclusão de xilanases e glucanases nas dietas à base de trigo e cevada, ricas em NSPasas, o que poderá trazer benefícios económicos para o produtor.

Abstract Background In the current study we aimed to find out the impact of cytokine-inducible Src homology 2 domain protein (CISH) gene polymorphisms on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a sample of Iranian population. Materials and methods Polymorphisms of CISH rs2239751, rs414171, and rs6768300 were determined in 200 PTB patients and 200 healthy subjects using T-ARMS-PCR or PCR-RFLP method. Results The results showed that rs414171 A>T genotypes significantly decreased the risk of PTB (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.10–0.27, p < 0.0001, AT vs AA; OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14–0.68, p < 0.0001, TT vs AA; OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.12–0.29, p < 0.0001, AT+TT vs AA; OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.20–0.42, p < 0.0001, T vs A). For rs6768300, the findings indicated that this variant decreased the risk of PTB (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33–0.82, p = 0.005, CG vs GG; OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38–0.87, p = 0.012, C vs G). No significant association was observed between CISH rs2239751 polymorphism and risk/protection of PTB. Conclusion Our findings indicated that CISH rs414171 and rs6768300 variants might be associated with protection from PTB.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate possible interactions among Angiotensin-I converting enzyme genotype, insertion/deletion polymorphism and atherosclerosis of vein grafts in Iranian patients, and characterize their clinical and demographic profile. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery more than five years ago, were included for angiographic analysis. Atherosclerosis was determined by quantitative angiography and adjusted Gensini score. The gene angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients participated in this study. Eighty-four patients were male. The frequency distribution of DD, ID and II polymorphism were 23.6%, 62.7% and 13.7% respectively. There were no differences among genotypic groups in age, sex, number of risk factors, number of vein grafts and months since bypass surgery. According to adjusted Gensini score [0.18±0.12 (II) vs. 0.11±0.09 (ID) and 0.1±0.09 (DD) P=0.021] the II genotype was associated with severity of vein graft atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: Although there are conflicting results about gene angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism and the degree of venous bypass graft degeneration, this study suggests an association between ACE genotype II and atherosclerosis of saphenous vein grafts, however, large samples considering clinical, demographic and ethnic profile are necessary to confirm these results.