Resumo As aves estão entre os melhores bioindicadores, o que pode nos orientar a reconhecer algumas das principais preocupações de conservação dos ecossistemas. Impactos antrópicos como desmatamento, degradação de habitat, modificação de paisagens e diminuição da qualidade dos habitats são as principais ameaças à diversidade de aves. O presente estudo foi desenhado para detectar agentes causadores antropogênicos que atuam na diversidade de aves aquáticas na Represa de Tarbella, rio Indus, Paquistão. Censos de aves aquáticas foram realizados de março de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020 em várias áreas ao redor da barragem. Um total de 2.990 aves aquáticas representando 63 espécies foi registrado. Detectamos a maior riqueza e diversidade de aves aquáticas em Pehure, enquanto a maior densidade foi registrada em Kabbal. Os impactos da atividade humana parecem ser o principal fator determinante das comunidades de aves aquáticas, uma vez que as aves aquáticas foram negativamente correlacionadas com os maiores impactos antrópicos. As aves aquáticas parecem responder rapidamente às perturbações humanas.

Abstract Birds are among the best bio-indicators, which can guide us to recognize some of the main conservation concerns in ecosystems. Anthropogenic impacts such as deforestation, habitat degradation, modification of landscapes, and decreased quality of habitats are major threats to bird diversity. The present study was designed to detect anthropogenic causative agents that act on waterbird diversity in Tarbella Dam, Indus River, Pakistan. Waterbird censuses were carried out from March 2019 to February 2020 in multiple areas around the dam. A total of 2990 waterbirds representing 63 species were recorded. We detected the highest waterbird richness and diversity at Pehure whereas the highest density was recorded at Kabbal. Human activity impacts seemed to be the main factor determining the waterbird communities as waterbirds were negatively correlated with the greatest anthropogenic impacts. Waterbirds seem to respond rapidly to human disturbance.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the perioperative mortality and contributing variables among patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer in recent decades, with comparison between modern (after 2010) and premodern (before 2010) eras. Materials and Methods Using our institutional review board-approved database, we reviewed the records of patients who underwent RC for primary urothelial bladder carcinoma with curative intent from January 2003 to December 2019. The primary and secondary outcomes were 90- and 30-day mortality. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the impact of perioperative variables on 90-day mortality. Results A total of 2047 patients with a mean±SD age of 69.6±10.6 years were included. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 1.3% and 4.9%, respectively, and consistent during the past two decades. Among 100 deaths within 90 days, 18 occurred during index hospitalization. Infectious, pulmonary, and cardiac complications were the leading mortality causes. Multivariable analysis showed that age (Odds Ratio: OR 1.05), Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 2 (OR 1.82), blood transfusion (OR 1.95), and pathological node disease (OR 2.85) were independently associated with 90-day mortality. Nevertheless, the surgical approach and enhanced recovery protocols had no significant effect on 90-day mortality. Conclusion The 90-day mortality for RC is approaching five percent, with infectious, pulmonary, and cardiac complications as the leading mortality causes. Older age, higher comorbidity, blood transfusion, and pathological lymph node involvement are independently associated with 90-day mortality.

ABSTRACT Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promising results in alleviating different types of pain. The present study compares the efficacy of three sessions of anodal tDCS applied over primary motor area (M1) or the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or sham on reducing pain and the total opioid consumption in postoperative spine surgery patients. Materials: Sixty-seven out of 75 eligible patients for postoperative spine surgery were randomly allocated into one of the three experimental groups. Group A received anodal tDCS applied over M1 cortex, group B over left DLPF cortex (2 mA, 20 min) and group C received sham tDCS, all for 3 consecutive postoperative days. Patients were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and adynamic visual analogue scale (DVAS) at baseline, and on each of the treatment days. The total morphine consumption over the 3 postoperative days was assessed. Results: Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference in resting VAS between the three groups. However, there was significant pain improvement (P < 0.001) in DVAS in both active groups (group A and B) compared to the sham group (group C) in the postoperative period, with no significant difference between the active groups. Morphine consumption was significantly reduced in both active groups compared with the sham group, but there was no difference in consumption between the active groups. Conclusion: There was a significant postoperative reduction in morphine consumption and DVAS scores after three sessions of active tDCS. Significance: tDCS is a promising tool for alleviating pain in the field of postoperative spine surgery.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La estimulación transcraneal por corriente continua (ETCC o tDCS, por sus siglas en inglés) ha obtenido resultados prometedores para aliviar distintos tipos de dolor. El presente estudio compara la eficacia de tres sesiones de ETCC anódica aplicada sobre el área motora primaria (M1) o la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral (CPFDL) izquierda, o simulada, para reducir el dolor y el consumo total de opioides en pacientes en el postoperatorio de una cirugía de columna vertebral. Materiales: Sesenta y siete de 75 pacientes elegibles en el postoperatorio de una cirugía raquídea fueron asignados a uno de tres grupos experimentales. El grupo A recibió ETCC anódica sobre la corteza M1, el grupo B la recibió sobre la CPFDL izquierda (2 mA, 20 min) y el grupo C recibió una ETCC simulada, todos durante 3 días consecutivos del postoperatorio. Los pacientes se evaluaron mediante una escala analógica visual (EAV) y una escala analógica visual dinámica (EAVD) basalmente y en cada uno de los días de tratamiento. Se evaluó el consumo total de morfina durante los 3 días del postoperatorio. Resultados: El ANOVA de dos vías de medidas repetidas no mostró ninguna diferencia significativa en la EAV de reposo entre los tres grupos. Sin embargo, hubo una mejoría significativa del dolor (P < 0,001) en la EAVD en ambos grupos activos (grupos A y B) frente al grupo con simulación (grupo C) en el postoperatorio, sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos activos. El consumo de morfina se redujo significativamente en ambos grupos activos frente al grupo simulado, pero no hubo diferencias de consumo entre los grupos activos. Conclusión: Hubo una reducción significativa del consumo de morfina y de las puntuaciones de la EAVD en el postoperatorio después de las tres sesiones de ETCC real. Significación: La ETCC es una herramienta prometedora para aliviar el dolor en el campo de la cirugía raquídea durante el postoperatorio.

Abstract Background Contrary to the advantageous anticancer activities of curcumin (Cur), limited bioavailability and solubility hindered its efficacy. Here, nontoxic dendrosomal nano carrier with Cur was used to overcome these problems. Despite considerable antitumor properties of Oxaliplatin (Oxa), the limiting factors are drug resistance and adverse side-effects. The hypothesis of this study was to evaluate the possible synergism between dendrosomal nanocurcumin (DNC) and Oxa and these agents showed growth regulatory effects on SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Methods and materials In the present study, colony formation, wound healing motility, cell adhesion, transwell invasion and migration assay and cell cycle arrest with or without DNC, Oxa and Combination were defined. In addition to, real time PCR and Western blot were used to analyze AKT, PI3K, PKC, JNK, P38 and MMPs mRNAs and proteins expressions. Docking of MMP-2-Cur, MMP-2-DNC and MMP-2-Oxa was performed and the results of all three complexes were simulated by molecular dynamics. Results Our findings illustrated that DNC had the greatest effect on cell death as compared to the Cur alone. Moreover, the growth inhibitory effects (such as cell death correlated to apoptosis) were more intense if Oxa was added followed by DNC at 4 h interval. However, insignificant effects were observed upon simultaneous addition of these two agents in both cell lines. Besides, a combination of agents synergistically alters the relative expression of MMP-9. Conclusions The docking results showed that His70 and Asp100 may play a key role at the MMP-2 binding site. The matrigel invasion as well as cell viability of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3 by DNC alone or in combination with Oxa was inhibited significantly. The inhibitory effects of these agents were due to the differential expression levels of MMP 2 and MMP 9 regulated by multiple downstream signaling cascades. From the molecular dynamic simulation studies, it was confirmed that DNC established a strong interaction with MMP-2.

Abstract Vigorous training increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from skeletal muscle, which can contribute to impairing athletic performance and health. Mitochondrial antioxidant such as MitoQ may contribute to protecting against training-induced oxidative stress such as mitochondrial ROS, but the effects on athletic performance are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of MitoQ to exercise training (EX) on VO2max, miRNA expression involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. In this double-blind clinical trial, 32 professional cyclists (25.6±3.8yr) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8); 1) Placebo, 2) EX (cycle ergometer, 75% of VO2max, 90 minutes, 3 sessions/week, and 4 weeks), 3) MitoQ (20 mg.day-1 for 4 weeks), and 4) EX+MitoQ (combined EX with MitoQ for 4 weeks). V˙O2max and gene expression of MicroRNAs (miRNAs)-19b, -181b, -155, and -146a and Serum levels of ROS (peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and alpha oxygen), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by the gas analyzer, real-time polymerase chain reaction (2-ΔΔCt) and ELISA, respectively. Both EX+MitoQ and MitoQ reduced serum levels of ROS (P < 0.05), but there was no change in EX group. Serum GPx levels were increased in EX, MitoQ, and EX+MitoQ (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between groups. Serum SOD remained unchanged in all groups. miRNA-155 and miRNA-19b expressions were decreased in EX+MitoQ compared to EX, whereas miRNA-146a was increased in EX+MitoQ compared to EX (P < 0.05). Placebo-controlled intervention (tapioca powder) had no effects on all outcomes (P < 0.05). MitoQ supplementation and EX reduced ROS levels and altered expression of key miRNAs mediating ROS generation and vascular endothelial inflammation could contribute to improving vascular function.

Abstract Tomato mosaic disease caused by Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) reduces tomato crop production globally. Biocontrol measures using various rhizobacteria and algae have been developed to reduce the adverse effects of plant diseases. To this end, two rhizobacteria (probiotic bacteria) including Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and aqueous extract of brown alga (Sargassum angustifolium) were applied. A certain concentration of bacterial suspension was added to the tomato rhizosphere along with the aqueous extract of brown alga and the plants were subsequently inoculated with ToMV. Semi-quantitative indirect-ELISA was performed to estimate the virus titer within inoculated plants. Also, the disease severity index was determined by visual scoring of the plants at 14 and 28 days post-inoculation. Growth indices of plants were evaluated and the data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that multiple treatments of the rhizobacteria and the aqueous extract of brown alga reduced the disease severity to 27.46%, and inhibit the ToMV accumulation up to 86.48% in tomato plants. Moreover, the growth indices of tomato plants pre-treated with a combination of the rhizobacteria and brown alga extract were significantly improved. Taken together, the results suggest that these biocontrol agents have a synergistic effect and their simultaneous application can, therefore, reduce the crop loss caused by ToMV.

Abstract Artificial pollination is a prerequisite to achieve a sufficient yield of palm trees; hence the identification of superior male palm trees as a standard pollen source for date palm growers has a high priority. The current study was carried out to assess phenotypic diversity among four date palm males namely Hayani, Meghal, Fardh, and Ghannami Ahmer. The genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between palm genotypes were performed using eighteen quantitative morphological parameters of both vegetative and reproductive parts (leaf, leaflets, spines, and spathe). Principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering was performed to identify the differences and similarities between the studied genotypes. Results showed significant differences in morphological parameters between the four male palm trees. Most of the selected morphological parameters could be used as quantitative markers for the identification of date palm male genotypes. Principal component analysis showed that, the studied parameters formed two major homogeneous groups of variables, which possessed a high proportion of the observed phenotypic diversity among the studied date palm males. Cluster analysis showed that Fardh, Ghannami Ahmer, and Meghal, are closer related than Hayani; Ghannami and Fardh males showed the highest genetic similarity while the lowest similarity index was detected between Hayani and Ghannami Ahmer males.

Resumo A polinização artificial é um pré-requisito para obter bom rendimento de tamareiras; portanto, a identificação de tamareiras masculinas superiores como fonte padrão de pólen para produtores de tamareiras é de suma importância. O presente estudo foi realizado para avaliar a diversidade fenotípica entre quatro genótipos masculinos de tamareiras, a saber: Hayani, Meghal, Fardh e Ghannami Ahmer. A diversidade genética e as relações filogenéticas entre os genótipos de tamareiras foram realizadas usando dezoito parâmetros morfológicos quantitativos das partes vegetativa e reprodutiva (folha, folíolos, espinhos e espata). A análise de componentes principais e do agrupamento hierárquico foi realizada para identificar as diferenças e as semelhanças entre os genótipos estudados. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas dos parâmetros morfológicos entre os quatro genótipos masculinos. A maioria dos parâmetros morfológicos selecionados poderia ser usada como marcadores quantitativos para a identificação de genótipos masculinos de tamareira. A análise de componentes principais mostrou que os parâmetros estudados formaram dois grandes grupos homogêneos de variáveis, que possuíam alta proporção da diversidade fenotípica observada entre os genótipos masculinos de tamareira estudados. A análise de agrupamento mostrou que os genótipos Fardh, Ghannami Ahmer e Meghal têm relação mais próxima do que Hayani; Ghannami e Fardh apresentaram a maior similaridade genética, enquanto o menor índice de similaridade foi detectado entre Hayani e Ghannami Ahmer.

Abstract Introduction Correction of caudal septal deviations has always been a challenging subject in septorhinoplasty. The septum batten extension graft (SBEG) is a new graft that has potential properties in rhinoplasty. However, few reports have evaluated the surgical outcomes of this technique. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SBEG in correcting caudal septal deviation. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with caudal septal deviation undergoing septorhinoplasty using SBEG at 2 different hospitals in 2019. We then retrospectively reviewed medical records and photographs of 50 patients at the preoperative period, as well as at 1-month, and 12-month postoperatively. Gross changes in nasolabial angle, columellar show, nasal tip projection, and dorsal nasal deviation were evaluated by a photographic analysis method, and nasal obstruction was assessed by patient satisfaction with breathing. Results There was a significant difference between the mean nasolabial angle and columellar show at 1 and 12-months postoperatively, compared with the previous values (p < 0.0001). The nasolabial angles were in a favorable position with an increase of 12 to 15 degrees compared with the preoperative state. The columellar show also improved by an average of 1.2 mm and was in good condition. The postoperative dorsal nasal deviation was significantly reduced, and projection was significantly increased (3.521 ± 0.087 mm vs. 0.719 ± 0.028; p < 0.0001; p < 0.001 ). Moreover, this method had a significant favorable effect on nasal obstruction (p = 0.049). Conclusion Our results showed that septorhinoplasty using SBEG is useful for correcting caudal septal deviation, with favorable surgical outcomes, and it has responded well to all five aforementioned criteria.

Abstract One-year-old transplants of ‘Olinda Valencia orange’, ‘Murcott Tangerine’, and ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’ genotypes were grafted on ‘Macrophylla’ rootstock and subjected, along with ‘Macrophylla’ rootstock, to 24 h of the night chilling (nocturnal) at 20/4 °C±1 (day/night) for three days, (8 h per day), followed by three days of recovery at 30/25 °C±1 (day/night). The results showed that leaf diffusion resistance (LDR), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly in all genotypes, while there was a significant decrease in photosynthetic apparatus, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and catalase (CAT) under nocturnal chilling stress. Under the chilling, Macrophylla rootstock had the highest concentrations of proline and SOD, whereas it had the lowest MDA and total chlorophyll concentrations. Noticeably, the enzymatic antioxidant profiles were enhanced after being recovered. Moreover, ‘Murcott’ had the highest LDR, MDA concentration, thickness of lamina, midvein, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and dimension of midvein vascular bundle. Meanwhile, it had the lowest stomatal conductance (GS) and transpiration rate (E). Similar results were obtained with ‘Valencia’ genotype. In contrast, the ‘Limoneira 8A’ genotype under the chilling had the lowest levels of LDR, antioxidant enzymes (POX, CAT, and PPO), thickness of lamina, midvein, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and dimension of midvein vascular bundle.

Resumo Transplantes de um ano de idade de genótipos ‘Laranja Olinda Valência’, ‘Tangerina Murcott’ e ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’ foram enxertados em porta-enxertos‘Macrophylla’ e submetidos,juntamente com porta-enxertos ‘Macrophylla’, a 24 horas de resfriamento noturno(noturno) a 20/4 °C±1 (dia/noite), durante três dias (8 horas por dia),seguidos de três dias de recuperação a 30/25 °C±1 (dia/noite). Os resultados mostraram que a resistência à difusão foliar (RDF), prolina, malondialdeído (MDA), peroxidase (POX) esuperóxido dismutase(SOD) aumentaram significativamente, em todos os genótipos, enquanto houve diminuição significativa no aparelho fotossintético, polifenol oxidase (PPO) e catalase(CAT)sob estresse de resfriamento noturno. Sob o resfriamento, o porta-enxerto‘Macrophylla’apresentou as maiores concentrações de prolina e SOD, enquanto apresentou asmenores concentrações de MDA e clorofila total. Notavelmente, os perfis antioxidantesenzimáticos foram melhorados após serem restaurados. Além disso, a Tangerina ‘Murcott’ apresentou a maior RDF, concentração de MDA, espessura da lâmina, veia mediana, tecidopaliçado,tecido esponjoso e dimensão do feixe de veia mediana. Enquanto isso, teve osmenores teores de condutância estomática (GS) e taxa de transpiração (E). Resultadossemelhantes foram obtidos com o genótipo ‘Valência’. Em contraste, o genótipo ‘Limoneira8A’, sob o resfriamento, apresentou os menores níveis de RDF, enzimas antioxidantes (POX, CAT e PPO), espessura da lâmina, veia mediana, tecido paliçado, tecido esponjoso e dimensão do feixe de veia mediana.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of gravel impact compaction piers system (GICPs) in improving a 3.5m thick loose silty sand in a multilayer coastal soil system located in Bushehr, Iran. The liquefiable sandy soil layer was layered on clay layers with moderate to very stiff consistency and below the engineering embankment layer with a thickness of 1.8 m. Implementation of gravel impact compaction piers is a new generation of aggregate piers. Gravel impact compaction piers were used to improve the liquefiable soil layers and to increase the bearing capacity and reduce subgrade settlement to withstand surface infrastructures. The process of making gravel impact compaction piers in a triangular or square-patterned grid was created using three types of special mandrels and feeding and compacting the gravels in the cavity in several stages without removing the soil from the cavities. The experience gained in this case study showed that artificial liquefiable was created immediately after the construction of these piers in a limited area and the soil became unstable. After about 11-14 days, the soil stabilized rapidly. The results of the standard penetration test in the matrix soil around the piers showed that the amount of (N1)60 in compacted soils was in the range of 21-30 and on average 15 times the amount of (1-3) in the initial soil. Also, the relative density of the initial soil was increased from 25% to 75% after soil improvement. Accordingly, by relying merely on the compaction properties of the piers and without relying on other primary soil remediation factors, such as piers drainage and soil texture change, the safety factor of the improved soil is 1.7-1.95 times the minimum required according to the two risk levels in the design.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o efeito das relações marca-consumidor na fidelidade à marca mediada pela criação de valor da marca e moderada pelas características da comunidade de marca no setor de hospitalidade. Referencial teórico Com base na teoria marca-consumidor, buscou-se entender melhor o comportamento do consumidor no setor hoteleiro, a fim de chegar a um quadro explicativo que possa diferenciar variáveis-chave para a permanência das marcas hoteleiras no mercado. Metodologia Os dados coletados de 250 consumidores de hotéis de 4 e 5 estrelas em Teerã foram analisados usando a abordagem de modelagem de equações estruturais (SEM). Resultados Com base nos resultados, a atitude da marca e a qualidade da relação com a marca afetaram significativamente a satisfação com a marca. Além disso, a criação de valor da marca teve um efeito significativo na fidelidade à marca. Ainda, as características da comunidade de marca moderaram significativamente as relações de “satisfação com a marca e criação de valor da marca” e “criação de valor da marca e fidelidade à marca”. A qualidade da relação com a marca afetou positivamente a criação de valor da marca por meio do papel mediador da satisfação com a marca. Implicações práticas e sociais da pesquisa Os resultados contribuem para o desenvolvimento da literatura existente sobre o setor hoteleiro e suas práticas, e oferece instruções adequadas para estudos futuros. Além disso, este estudo pode fornecer aos profissionais de marketing hoteleiro referências para a gestão de marketing. Contribuições Este estudo contribui para o avanço das pesquisas que envolvem o relacionamento marca-consumidor no setor hoteleiro.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of brand-consumer relationships on brand loyalty mediated by brand value creation and moderated by brand community characteristics in the hospitality industry. Theoretical framework Based on brand-consumer theory, we sought to better understand consumer behavior in the hospitality industry to arrive at an explanatory framework that can differentiate key variables for hotel brands to remain in the market. Design/methodology/approach The data collected from 250 consumers of 4- and 5-star hotels in Tehran were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Findings Based on the results, brand attitude and brand relationship quality significantly affected brand satisfaction. In addition, brand value creation had a significant effect on brand loyalty. Furthermore, brand community characteristics significantly moderated the relationships between brand satisfaction and brand value creation and between brand value creation and brand loyalty. Brand relationship quality positively affected brand value creation through the mediating role of brand satisfaction. Practical & social implications of research The results contribute to the development of the existing literature on the hospitality (hotel) industry and its practices, and they offer proper instructions for future studies. Also, this study can provide hotel marketers with a reference for marketing management. Originality/value This study contributes to the advancement of research involving brand-consumer relationships in the hospitality industry.

Resumo O tumor maligno da bainha do nervo periférico é um dos raros sarcomas que têm um diagnóstico desafiador. Ocorre independentemente com a neurofibromatose tipo 1. Alguns estudos referem que o tumor maligno da bainha do nervo periférico apresenta pior prognóstico quando ocorre na região da cabeça e pescoço. No caso relatado, um paciente do sexo masculino com manifestações de neurofibromatose tipo 1 apresentou uma grande massa na região temporal. Com base na história, histopatologia e achados imuno-histoquímicos, a lesão foi diagnosticada como um tumor maligno de bainha de nervo periférico de baixo grau com características rabdoides. A ressecção cirúrgica seguida de radioterapia de intensidade modulada foi o tratamento de escolha.

Abstract The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is one of the rare sarcomas that have a challenging diagnosis. It occurs independently with neurofibromatosis type 1. Some studies referred that malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor attains a worse prognosis when it occurs in the head and neck region. In the reported case, a male patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 manifestations presented with a large mass in the temporal region. Based on the clinical history, histopathology, and immunohistochemical findings, the lesion was diagnosed as a low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with rhabdoid features. Surgical resection followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy was the treatment of choice.

Synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from natural resources not only enables green synthesis and production of environmentally friendly materials, but also provides a cost-effective probe as a fluorescence nanosensor. The proposed sensor introduces a unique one-pot hydrothermal CDs synthesis from alfalfa leaves, which is promising for sensing hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) via inner filter effect (IFE) and resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). The as-prepared CDs had wide emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, high solubility, high stability, and visible fluorescence light with a quantum yield of up to 11%. The absorption of HCTZ overlapped with the excitation spectra of CDs. Therefore, CDs represented excellent quenching due to IFE when HCTZ was gradually added. Furthermore, this fluorescent sensor was successfully used to quantify HCTZ in the linear ranges (0.17-2.50 μg mL-1) with the limit of detection of 0.11 μg mL-1. The sensing system was simple as no surface functionalization was required for CDs, leading to less laborious steps and more cost-effective synthesis. The reaction time was short, i.e., less than 2 min, indicating a simple approach for rapid analysis of HCTZ. By optimizing conditions, successful measurements were carried out on pharmaceutical tablets.

Abstract This research focuses on the delivery of fresh fruits and veggies via a third-party carrier. Despite the fact that the major concern is transportation, a different fitness function was presented to maximize the transporter's revenues by taking into account specific constraints. The major goal of this study is to figure out how much vegetables and fruit should be bought in order to transport them to various locations at the highest potential profit. Traditional problem-solving techniques are used to address the issue. Furthermore, the simplex approach used allows for the identification of restrictions and the determination of the best solution to the issue that meets transportation needs while also generating the most profit. Overall, the findings show that the greatest profit that can be made in a single trip is $1,840.00, fulfilling three distinct firms' requirements. Research has discussed several ways to solve maximization and transport problems. Nevertheless, this research views them as two separate elements since the transportation method is normally used for minimization. Hence, both this method and the simplex method are coupled to maximize resources.

Abstract While new types of consumer services emerge to fulfill people's diverse requirements, one of the most pressing societal concerns is how to improve the health of the elderly and allow them to live their golden years in good physical and mental health. This research is based on the Whole Systems Research (WSR) method, which expands and improves the theoretical research field of delivery service. The planning and service process of healthy diet opens up new service content and service system for the logistics and delivery industry; the research results of this paper are based on the innovation of systematic service model in three levels: physical, physical, and human, which can broaden the service model for related logistics enterprises and new retail market. The research results of this paper, which are based on the innovation of systematic service model from physical and human levels, can broaden the marketing mode and funding source for related logistics enterprises and new retail market; the overall research process and the application of research method can provide theoretical reference for related research institutions.