ABSTRACT Objective To describe the prevalence, characteristics, and factors associated with sexual violence in transgender women and travestis (TGW) in Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in five Brazilian cities (Campo Grande, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Salvador, and São Paulo) between 2019 and 2021. Participants were recruited using the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) technique. The outcome of interest is the self-reported experience of sexual violence throughout the respondents’ lifetime. We evaluated the actions taken by victims of sexual violence and how they dealt with the experience. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between sociodemographic and behavioral factors (such as race, income, drug use, sex work, and access to healthcare) and the outcome. Results A total of 1,317 TGW were interviewed. Among them, 53% (n=698) reported experiencing sexual violence. For 64.4% (n=419) of the respondents, sexual violence occurred on more than one occasion. The majority of TGW did not seek health services (93.2%, n=648), disclose the violence (93.9%, n=653), nor seek support from family or friends (86.5%, n=601). A higher prevalence of sexual violence was associated with homelessness (adjusted prevalence ratio — aPR=1.69, 95% confidence interval — 95%CI 1.01–2.84), a history of engaging in sex work (aPR=2.04, 95%CI 1.46–2.85), self-reporting regular, bad, or very bad emotional health (aPR=1.67, 95%CI 1.28–2.19), and experiencing difficulties accessing health services in the previous year (aPR=2.78, 95%CI 1.74–4.43). Conclusion The high prevalence of sexual violence, analyzed together with the actions of the victims, indicates a context of high vulnerability and low institutional support. In this scenario, violence can be exacerbated, resulting in severe health consequences. characteristics (TGW Brazil crosssectional cross sectional Campo Grande Manaus Alegre Salvador Paulo 201 2021 respondentdriven respondent driven RDS (RDS technique selfreported self respondents lifetime such race income use healthcare 1317 1 317 1,31 interviewed them 53 n=698 n698 n 698 (n=698 644 64 4 64.4 n=419 n419 419 (n=419 occasion 93.2%, 932 93 2 (93.2% n=648, n648 n=648 , 648 n=648) 93.9%, 939 9 (93.9% n=653, n653 n=653 653 n=653) 86.5%, 865 86 5 (86.5% n=601. n601 n=601 . 601 n=601) adjusted aPR169 aPR 69 aPR=1.69 95 95CI CI 1.01–2.84, 101284 1.01–2.84 01 84 1.01–2.84) aPR=2.04, aPR204 04 (aPR=2.04 1.46–2.85, 146285 1.46–2.85 46 85 1.46–2.85) selfreporting reporting regular aPR=1.67, aPR167 67 (aPR=1.67 1.28–2.19, 128219 1.28–2.19 28 19 1.28–2.19) aPR=2.78, aPR278 78 (aPR=2.78 1.74–4.43. 174443 1.74–4.43 74 43 1.74–4.43) scenario exacerbated consequences 20 202 131 31 1,3 n=69 n69 (n=69 6 64. n=41 n41 41 (n=41 93.2% (93.2 n64 n=64 93.9% (93.9 n65 n=65 65 86.5% 8 (86.5 n60 n=60 60 aPR16 aPR=1.6 10128 1.01–2.8 0 aPR=2.04 aPR20 (aPR=2.0 14628 1.46–2.8 aPR=1.67 (aPR=1.6 12821 1.28–2.1 aPR=2.78 aPR27 7 (aPR=2.7 17444 1.74–4.4 13 3 1, n=6 n6 (n=6 n=4 n4 (n=4 93.2 (93. 93.9 86.5 (86. aPR1 aPR=1. 1012 1.01–2. aPR=2.0 aPR2 (aPR=2. 1462 1.46–2. (aPR=1. 1282 1.28–2. aPR=2.7 1744 1.74–4. n= (n= 93. (93 86. (86 aPR=1 101 1.01–2 aPR=2. (aPR=2 146 1.46–2 (aPR=1 128 1.28–2 174 1.74–4 (n (9 (8 aPR= 10 1.01– aPR=2 (aPR= 14 1.46– 12 1.28– 17 1.74– ( 1.01 (aPR 1.46 1.28 1.74 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.
RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a prevalência, características e fatores associados à violência sexual em mulheres trans e travestis (MTT) no Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal conduzido em cinco cidades brasileiras (Campo Grande, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Salvador e São Paulo) entre 2019 e 2021. As participantes foram recrutadas usando a técnica respondent-driven sampling (RDS). O desfecho é a experiência de violência sexual ao longo da vida. As ações tomadas pelas vítimas e como elas lidaram com a experiência foram avaliadas. Análise de regressão logística foi empregada para examinar as associações entre fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais (como raça, renda, trabalho sexual e acesso aos serviços de saúde) e o desfecho. Resultados Um total de 1.317 MTT foram entrevistadas. Entre elas, 53% (n=698) relataram violência sexual. Para 64,4% (n=419) destas, a violência sexual ocorreu em mais de uma ocasião. A maioria das MTT não procurou serviços de saúde (93,2%, n=648), não denunciou (93,9%, n=653) nem buscou apoio de familiares ou amigos (86,5%, n=601). A maior prevalência de violência sexual foi associada à falta de moradia (razão de prevalência ajustada — RPa=1,69, IC 95% 1,01-2,84), histórico de envolvimento em trabalho sexual (RPa=2,04, IC 95% 1,46-2,85), relato de saúde emocional regular, ruim ou muito ruim (RPa=1,67, IC 95% 1,28-2,19) e experiência de dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde (RPa=2,78, IC 95% 1,74-4,43). Conclusão A alta prevalência de violência sexual, analisada em conjunto com as ações das vítimas, indica um contexto de alta vulnerabilidade e baixo suporte institucional. Nesse cenário, a violência pode ser exacerbada, resultando em graves consequências para a saúde. (MTT Brasil Campo Grande Manaus Alegre Paulo 201 2021 respondentdriven respondent driven RDS. RDS . (RDS) vida avaliadas raça renda 1317 1 317 1.31 entrevistadas 53 n=698 n698 n 698 (n=698 644 64 4 64,4 n=419 n419 419 (n=419 destas ocasião 93,2%, 932 93 2 (93,2% n=648, n648 n=648 , 648 n=648) 93,9%, 939 9 (93,9% n=653 n653 653 86,5%, 865 86 5 (86,5% n=601. n601 n=601 601 n=601) razão RPa169 RPa 69 RPa=1,69 95 1,012,84, 101284 1,01 2,84 01 84 1,01-2,84) RPa=2,04, RPa204 04 (RPa=2,04 1,462,85, 146285 1,46 2,85 46 85 1,46-2,85) regular RPa=1,67, RPa167 67 (RPa=1,67 1,282,19 128219 1,28 2,19 28 19 1,28-2,19 RPa=2,78, RPa278 78 (RPa=2,78 1,744,43. 174443 1,74 4,43 74 43 1,74-4,43) institucional cenário exacerbada 20 202 (RDS 131 31 1.3 n=69 n69 (n=69 6 64, n=41 n41 41 (n=41 93,2% (93,2 n64 n=64 93,9% (93,9 n=65 n65 65 86,5% 8 (86,5 n60 n=60 60 RPa16 RPa=1,6 012 1,012,84 10128 101 1,0 284 2,8 0 1,01-2,84 RPa=2,04 RPa20 (RPa=2,0 462 1,462,85 14628 146 1,4 285 1,46-2,85 RPa=1,67 (RPa=1,6 282 1,282,1 12821 128 1,2 219 2,1 1,28-2,1 RPa=2,78 RPa27 7 (RPa=2,7 744 1,744,43 17444 174 1,7 443 4,4 1,74-4,43 13 3 1. n=6 n6 (n=6 n=4 n4 (n=4 93,2 (93, 93,9 86,5 (86, RPa1 RPa=1, 1,012,8 1012 10 1, 2, 1,01-2,8 RPa=2,0 RPa2 (RPa=2, 1,462,8 1462 14 1,46-2,8 (RPa=1, 1,282, 1282 12 21 1,28-2, RPa=2,7 1,744,4 1744 17 44 4, 1,74-4,4 n= (n= 93, (93 86, (86 RPa=1 1,012, 1,01-2, RPa=2, (RPa=2 1,462, 1,46-2, (RPa=1 1,282 1,28-2 1,744, 1,74-4, (n (9 (8 RPa= 1,012 1,01-2 RPa=2 (RPa= 1,462 1,46-2 1,28- 1,744 1,74-4 ( 1,01- (RPa 1,46- 1,74-