Resumen El fracaso del proyecto de nación, tras doscientos años de vida independiente, ha obligado a buscar en todos los ámbitos las causas del colapso social, económico y político que México está viviendo. De ahí la importancia que hoy en día reviste la novela histórica, que utiliza la ficción para estudiar el pasado, en un intento de presentar respuestas a los problemas del presente. Con Tierra roja. La novela de Lázaro Cárdenas Pedro Ángel Palou lleva a cabo una revisión del momento histórico en que se intentó erigir a la nación mexicana, convirtiendo en proyecto político la utopía de la revolución: construir una sociedad más justa. La ficción desarrolla un proceso de humanización de Lázaro Cárdenas, el presidente que quiso cumplir con las metas revolucionarias instituyendo una serie de reformas que no logró consolidar de una manera firme, por lo que pocas de sus conquistas e ideales han pervivido en el presente siglo. La novela no engrandece el mito del héroe, sino que presenta a un hombre con sus miedos, contradicciones, anhelos y sueños. Así, la ficción retrata un país en busca de rumbo, cuyo destino no dependía sólo de las decisiones de su presidente, sino de las numerosas acciones de los actantes de un constructo social efervescente: campesinos, obreros, empresarios, políticos, periodistas, artistas. Para generar esa visión de conjunto, la estructura narrativa que establece Palou fusiona dos de los géneros más populares en la narrativa contemporánea, el histórico y el policiaco y sustenta ambos discursos en la parodia y la intertextualidad para crear una novela posmoderna que invita al lector a involucrarse en un ejercicio lúdico en donde historia y ficción se confunden, se contradicen y se complementan, una fábula que gira en torno a la figura de un caudillo, pero que da voz a los seres anónimos que también son parte de la historia, para mostrar que un solo hombre no puede cambiar a una sociedad que no participa activamente en la resolución de sus problemas.

Abstract The failure of the national project, after two hundred years of independent life, has made it necessary to search in all areas for the causes of the social, economic, and political collapse that Mexico is experiencing. Hence the importance that the historical novel has today, which uses fiction to study the past, to present answers to the problems of the present. With Tierra Roja. La novela de Lázaro Cárdenas Pedro Ángel Palou reviews the historical moment in which an attempt was made to build the Mexican nation, turning the utopia of the revolution into a political project: building a more just society. The fiction develops a process of humanization of Lázaro Cárdenas, the president who wanted to fulfill the revolutionary goals by instituting a series of reforms that he was unable to firmly consolidate, so few of his conquests and ideals have survived into this century. The novel does not magnify the myth of the hero but presents a man with his fears, contradictions, desires, and dreams. Thus, fiction portrays a country in search of direction, whose destiny did not depend only on the decisions of its president, but on the numerous actions of the actants of an effervescent social construct: peasants, workers, businessmen, politicians, journalists, artists. To generate this overall vision, the narrative structure established by Palou merges two of the most popular genres in contemporary narrative, history and crime fiction, and supports both discourses in parody and intertextuality to create a postmodern novel that invites the reader to get involved in a playful exercise where history and fiction are confused, contradicted and complemented, a fable that revolves around the figure of a warlord, but which gives voice to anonymous beings who are also part of the story, to show that a single man cannot change a society that does not actively participate in solving its problems.

Resumen Introducción: La trombosis venosa cerebral representa una causa infrecuente de enfermedad cerebrovascular, pero puede resultar en complicaciones altamente letales como el infarto venoso. Afecta con más frecuencia a mujeres en edad fértil, y el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales orales ha demostrado relación causal con esta patología. Caso Clínico: Paciente de 28 años, con antecedentes de uso de anticonceptivos hormonales orales durante 5 años consecutivos, que acude a urgencias aquejando cefalea holocefálica opresiva, vómitos y diplopía, de 6 días de evolución. Se aprecia consciente con tendencia a la obnubilación, hipobulia, bradilalia, bradipsiquia, paresia del VI par craneal (izquierdo) y signo de Babinski bilateral. La exploración funduscópica demuestra papiledema desarrollado bilateral. En la TAC de cráneo no contrastada se evidencian signos directos e indirectos de trombosis del sistema venoso cerebral profundo que involucra venas cerebrales internas, vena de Galeno, y seno recto. La RMN con secuencias T2-FLAIR, Difusión y secuencias vasculares confirmó el diagnóstico, así como presencia de infarto en el territorio venoso correspondiente. Se realiza terapia anticoagulante con heparina de bajo peso molecular durante diez días y se mantuvo durante tres meses la anticoagulación con warfarina. Se suspende el agente causal. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente y hasta la fecha no se presentan recurrencias del evento trombótico. Conclusiones: La trombosis venosa cerebral muestra peor pronóstico cuando implica al sistema venoso profundo; su evolución depende, además, del diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento oportuno.

Abstract Introduction: Cerebral venous thrombosis represents an infrequent cause of cerebrovascular disease, but can result in highly lethal complications such as venous infarction. It affects women of childbearing age more frequently, and the use of oral hormonal contraceptives has shown a causal relationship with this pathology. Clinical case: We present a 28-year-old patient, with a history of using oral hormonal contraceptives for 5 consecutive years, who came to the emergency room complaining of oppressive holocephalic headache, vomiting and diplopia, of 6 days of evolution. Consciousness with a tendency to obtundation, hypobulia, bradylalia, bradypsychia, paresis of the sixth cranial nerve (left) and bilateral Babinski's sign were appreciated. Funduscopic examination revealed bilateral developed papilledema. Non-contrast computed tomography of the skull shows direct and indirect signs of thrombosis of the deep cerebral venous system involving internal cerebral veins, vein of Galen, and straight sinus. Nuclear magnetic resonance with T2-FLAIR, Diffusion and vascular sequences confirmed the diagnosis, as well as the presence of infarction in the corresponding venous territory.. Anticoagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin was performed for ten days and anticoagulation with warfarin was maintained for three months. The causative agent is discontinued. The patient evolved favorably and to date there have been no recurrences of the thrombotic event. Conclusions: Cerebral venous thrombosis shows a worse prognosis when it involves the deep venous system; Its evolution also depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Resumen Se evaluó el estado de los recursos hidrobiológicos (RHB) de tres Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMPs) del Pacífico de Colombia: Parque Nacional Natural (PNN) Utría, PNN Uramba Bahía Málaga y PNN Sanquianga. Para el análisis se utilizaron cuatro indicadores pesqueros: 1) Abundancia relativa dada como el desembarco por unidad de esfuerzo (DPUE); 2) Esfuerzo (h); 3) Talla (cm); y 4) Porcentaje de individuos capturados por debajo de la talla media de madurez sexual (TMM). Los indicadores de DPUE y esfuerzo, obtuvieron calificaciones bajas de acuerdo con las categorías construidas por Herrera (2020), a excepción del PNN Utría. Con respecto a los indicadores “tallas” y “porcentaje de individuos capturados por debajo de la TMM”, estos presentaron calificaciones bajas, y están estrechamente relacionados con las reducidas tallas de captura en las áreas. Dadas las evidencias de que los recursos en las AMPs están en una condición que no es sostenible (PNN Uramba Bahía Málaga y PNN Sanquianga), es necesario avanzar en el establecimiento de medidas de manejo (tallas mínimas de captura, vedas temporales y espaciales, control de selectividad de artes de pesca), que resulten en la reducción del esfuerzo por pesca y el aumento de capturas por encima de la TMM de las especies.

Abstract The state of the hydrobiological resources (HBR) of three Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) of the Colombian Pacific was evaluated: Utría National Natural Park (NNP), Uramba Bahía Málaga NNP and Sanquianga NNP. Four fishery indicators were used for the analysis: 1) relative abundance given as landing per Unit Effort (LPUE); 2) effort (h); 3) size (cm); and 4) percentage of individuals captured below the average size at sexual maturity (ASM). The LPUE and effort indicators obtained low ratings in the MPAs according the categories constructed in Herrera (2020), with the exception of PNN Utría. Regarding the indicators "sizes" and "percentage of individuals captured below the ASM, these presented low scores, and are closely related to the reduced sizes of capture in the areas. Given the evidence that the resources in the MPAs are in a condition that is not sustainable (PNN Uramba Bahía Málaga and PNN Sanquianga), it is necessary to advance in the establishment of management measures (minimum catch sizes, time and space closures, selectivity control of fishing gear), which result in the reduction of fishing effort and the increase of catches above the TMM of the species.

Resumen Antecedentes: El Tumor de Cuerpo Carotídeo suele ser una neoplasia benigna, pero con potencial maligno. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en el tratamiento de estas neoplasias en un hospital de segundo nivel en el área metropolitana de Querétaro, México. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de la experiencia en el Hospital General Regional 2, el Marqués. Revisión de cuatro casos de tumores del cuerpo carotideo reportados durante un periodo de 3 años y 2 meses en nuestra institución. La presentación del paciente, el abordaje y la resección quirúrgica, la evolución clínica y el seguimiento fueron las variables analizadas. Resultados: Se presentaron cuatro casos, todos pacientes del sexo femenino con una edad promedio de 52 años, rango de 36 a 64, el tipo más frecuente fue Shamblin III. Todos los tumores fueron resecados con éxito, la complicación más grave fue la bradicardia transoperatoria que se presentó en un caso, los restantes sin complicaciones. Los cuatro pacientes tuvieron una evolución favorable durante el seguimiento. Conclusión: La resección quirúrgica de los Tumores de Cuerpo Carotideo se puede realizar de forma segura y eficaz con baja morbilidad y mortalidad en el segundo nivel.

Abstract Background: The Carotid Body Tumor is usually a benign neoplasm, but with malignant potential. Objective: To describe the experience in the treatment of these neoplasms in a second level hospital in the metropolitan area of Querétaro, Mexico. Methods: Retrospective study of the experience at Hospital General Regional 2, el Marqués. Review of four cases of carotid body tumors reported during a 3 years and 2 months period in our institution. Patient´s presentation, surgical approach and resection, clinical outcome and follow-up were the analyzed variables. Results: Four cases presented, all female patients with a mean age of 52 years, range from 36 to 64, the most frequent type was Shamblin III. All tumors were successfully resected, the most serious complication was transoperative bradycardia that occurred in one case, the remainders without complications. The four patients had favorable outcome during the follow up. Conclusion: The Surgical resection of Carotid Body Tumors can be carried out safely and effectively with low morbidity and mortality at the second level.

Resumen Introducción: La lectura de artículos originales es fundamental en ciencia. Las escuelas de Medicina han formulado estrategias para formar competencias en investigación, incluyendo la búsqueda de literatura y lectura crítica. Objetivo: Describir las tendencias en las percepciones sobre la literatura científica y la lectura de artículos científicos; y evaluar la asociación entre el número de artículos originales leídos y las percepciones sobre la literatura científica en estudiantes de Medicina Humana expuestos a una estrategia curricular para formar competencias en investigación. Método: Estudio transversal en una universidad privada del Perú. Se aplicó un cuestionario virtual autoadministrado que evaluó las percepciones sobre literatura científica (ocho ítems), motivaciones para leer artículos originales (cinco ítems), importancia (siete ítems) y facilidad de leer (siete ítems) las secciones del artículo original, finalmente se preguntó por el número de artículo originales leídos por semana. Se evaluó la tendencia de los ítems en los años de estudio con un ji cuadrado de tendencia. Se evaluó la asociación entre el número de artículos originales leídos y percepciones sobre la literatura científica mediante una regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Participaron 227 estudiantes, se encontró una tendencia lineal de 43.5% a 72.7% entre el segundo y sexto año de estudio para “sé como encontrar artículos científicos en un determinado tema”, se encontró una tendencia similar de 37.7% a 77.3% para “sé como identificar artículos científicos relevantes para el problema que estoy investigando”. El número de artículos leídos por mes incrementó la percepción de confianza respecto a algunas habilidades con la literatura científica. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de Medicina presentaron una tendencia creciente en su percepción de capacidad para encontrar artículos científicos e identificar aquellos relevantes para su investigación. En el contexto de una estrategia curricular para formar capacidades investigativas, a mayor cantidad de artículos leídos, mejor la percepción de confianza para abordar la literatura científica.

Abstract Introduction: Reading original papers is fundamental in science. Medical schools have formulated strategies to improve competencies in research, including literature search and critical reading. Objective: To describe trends in perceptions about scientific literature and the reading of scientific papers, and to evaluate the association between the number of original papers read and perceptions about the scientific literature in human medicine students exposed to a curricular strategy to improve research competencies. Method: A cross-sectional study at a private university in Peru. A self-administered virtual questionnaire was applied, this evaluated the perceptions about scientific literature (eight items), motivations to read original papers (five items), importance (seven items), and ease to read (seven items) the sections of the original paper, finally asked for the number of original papers read per week. The trend of the items in the years of study was evaluated with a chi-square for trend. The association between the number of original articles read and perceptions about the scientific literature were evaluated using binary logistic regression. Results: 227 students participated, an increasing linear trend of 43.5% to 72.7% was found between the second and sixth year of study to the statement “know how to find scientific articles on a certain topic”, a similar trend was also found from 37.7% to 77.3% for “I know how to identify scientific articles relevant to the problem I am investigating”. The number of articles readed per month increased the perception of confidence regarding some skills with the scientific literature. Conclusions: Medical students presented a growing trend in their perception of their ability to find scientific articles and identify those relevant to their research. In the context of a curricular strategy to build investigative skills, the more articles read, the better the perception of confidence in dealing with scientific literature.

Resumen Las enfermedades fúngicas de la madera de la vid (EMVs) están entre los problemas fitosanitarios más dañinos en la industria vitivinícola; entre los principales síntomas observados en campo destaca una reducción drástica de la productividad, calidad y longevidad de los viñedos. Determinamos la distribución espacial y la incidencia y severidad del decaimiento por Botryosphaeria en cinco cuarteles Cabernet Sauvignon y tres de Chardonnay podadas pitón y cargador, respectivamente. Las mediciones se efectuaron planta por planta y cada punto de muestreo fue georreferenciado usando un DGPS. Por otro lado, se determinó el potencial de xilema de las vides en tres mediciones durante la temporada. El decaimiento de la vid presentó una importante variabilidad a nivel intra-predial en Cabernet Sauvignon y la severidad se expresa de forma radial; la incidencia de la enfermedad en Chardonnay tendió a encontrarse hacia un lado de los cuarteles. A su vez, la incidencia y la severidad de la enfermedad fue mayor en los cuarteles Cabernet Sauvignon que en los de Chardonnay (43% y 13% de plantas afectadas, respectivamente). De acuerdo con el potencial de xilema, las vides Cabernet Sauvignon estuvieron sometidas a mayor nivel de estrés hídrico que las vides Chardonnay a lo largo del estudio. Es posible sugerir que existe una respuesta varietal a la enfermedad y que la poda y el estrés hídrico pueden aumentar la susceptibilidad de las vides a las enfermedades de la madera asociadas a especies de la familia Botryosphaeriaceae.

Abstract Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the most damaging phytosanitary problems in the wine industry. The main symptoms observed in the vineyard are a drastic reduction in productivity, quality, and longevity of the vines. Spatial distribution, and incidence and severity of GTDs was determined in five Cabernet Sauvignon and three Chardonnay vineyards pruned in spurs and canes, respectively. Measurements were made plant by plant and each sampling point was georeferenced using a DGPS. On the other hand, the stem water potential was determined on vines in three measurements during the season. GTDs presented an important variability at the intra-farm level mostly in Cabernet Sauvignon, and disease severity was expressed radially. The incidence of the disease in Chardonnay tended to be towards one side of the vineyards. The incidence and severity of the disease was higher in the Cabernet Sauvignon (42% of plants affected) than in Chardonnay (13% of plants affected). Cabernet Sauvignon vines were subjected to a higher level of water stress than the Chardonnay vines throughout the growing season based onto stem water potential values. We can suggest that there is varietal response to GTDs and pruning and water stress can increase the susceptibility of vines to GTDs.

RESUMO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a composição fenólica da polpa de Jussara dos Estados brasileiros de Minas Gerais (MG) e Espírito Santo (ES) usando HPLC-DAD-MS / MS. Dezessete antocianinas foram detectadas, dentre elas, derivadas de cianidina, pelargonidina e peonidina. Dentre os compostos fenólicos não antociânicos, foram identificados flavonóis (derivados de caempferol, quercetina e isorhamnetina), flavan-3-ols (catequina, epicatequina, procianidinas do tipo B e dímeros desconhecidos) e resveratrol em sua forma glicosilada. Catequina (32,41-60,56 mg 100g-1) e epicatequina (18,86-40,92 mg 100g-1) foram os principais flavan-3-óis presentes nas frutas. As amostras apresentaram pequenas concentrações de glicosídeos resveratrol (0,02-0,91 mg 100g-1). A metodologia analítica utilizada (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS / MS) permitiu a identificação de novos compostos relatados presentes na composição da polpa de Jussara.

ABSTRACT: This research assessed the phenolic composition of Jussara pulp from the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais (MG) and Espírito Santo (ES) using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Seventeen anthocyanins were detected in fruits, derived from cyanidin, pelargonidin and peonidin. Among the non-anthocyanic phenolic compounds, flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin derivatives), flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, B-type procyanidins and unknown dimers) and resveratrol in its glycosylated form have been identified. Catechin (32.41-60.56 mg 100g-1) and epicatechin (18.86-40.92 mg 100g-1) were the main flavan-3-ols present in the fruits. The samples showed small concentrations of resveratrol glycosides (0.02-0.91 mg 100g-1). The analytical methodology used (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) permitted the identification of newly reported compounds in this fruit.

Resumen La seguridad alimentaria es la disponibilidad, acceso, utilización y estabilidad de los alimentos en apoyo a la salud y nutrición, lo que contribuye a satisfacer las necesidades de personas y grupos sociales. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la diversidad de las especies vegetales y animales de traspatio y su contribución al mantenimiento familiar en comunidades de Chiapas y Tabasco. Para esto, se encuestaron 180 productores en 50 comunidades de Chiapas y de Tabasco. Los resultados muestran que las ornamentales de mayor importancia fueron cebollín, tulipán y rosas (Fr = 15.8%, 14.0%, 11.4%, respectivamente); las plantas medicinales fueron el maguey morado, sábila, albahaca y orégano (UST es 46.1%, 28.9%, 26.7%, 18.9%); y los árboles frutales con mayor valor fueron cítricos, mango, plátano y aguacate (Fr = 22.1%, 17.2%, 10.7%, 6.1%). Además, se encontró que las aves son las de mayor presencia en los traspatios por ser una fuente de proteína e ingresos. Se concluye que la diversidad biológica representada en los traspatios contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria en las dimensiones de acceso, utilización y disponibilidad.

Abstract Food security is the availability, access, use, and stability of food in support of health and nutrition, which contributes to meeting the needs of individuals and social groups. The objective of this research was to determine the diversity of backyard plant and animal species and their contribution to family maintenance in communities of Chiapas and Tabasco. To this end, 180 producers in 50 communities of Chiapas and Tabasco were surveyed. Results show that the most important ornamentals were chives, tulips, and roses (Fr = 15.8%, 14.0%, 11.4%, respectively); the medicinal plants found were purple maguey, aloe vera, basil, and oregano (UST is 46.1%, 28.9%, 26.7%, 18.9%); and the fruit trees with the highest value were citrus, mango, banana, and avocado (Fr = 22.1%, 17.2%, 10.7%, 6.1%). Moreover, birds appeared to be more present because they are a source of protein and income. It is concluded that the biological diversity represented in backyards contributes to food security in the dimensions of access, use, and availability.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the short, medium and long-term efficacy and stability in 46 eyes with keratoconus, operated with Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segments. Methods The primary endpoint was the mean keratometry of total corneal refractive power. We also studied the effects of age, degree of keratoconus and clinical phenotype on the results, as well as the following keratometry variations and aberrometry variations: flattest, most curved, mean, maximum, astigmatism, root mean square of primary coma aberration and root mean square of secondary coma aberration. Results The immediate postoperative reduction in mean keratometry of total corneal refractive power was 3.08±1.51 diopters (D) (p<0.001). At 4 years, the mean keratometry of total corneal refractive power increased to 0.57±0.96D (p=0.005). Between 4 and 7 years, there was no change in mean keratometry of total corneal refractive power (p=0.727). The degree of keratoconus was a factor affecting the efficacy of the intrastromal corneal ring segments, achieving a greater effect in those with a greater degree of keratoconus (p=0.012 between groups). The immediate postoperative reduction was 1.77±1.88D for the flattest, 3.91±2.30D for the most curved, 2.76±1.63D for the mean, 4.42±3.26D for the maximum, 2.15±2.68D for astigmatism, 1.03±0.83µm for root mean square of primary coma aberration and root mean square of secondary coma aberration (p<.001 in all cases). At 4 years, most curved increased by 0.42±0.78D (p=0.001), mean increased by 0.54±0.64 (p<0.001) and root mean square of primary coma aberration decreased 0.14±0.27µm (p=0.020). Conclusion Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation is an effective and stable long-term treatment for patients with keratoconus. There is, however, partial regression in the medium term.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a eficácia e a estabilidade a curto, médio e longo prazo em 46 olhos com ceratocone, operados com segmentos de anel intrastromal corneano de Ferrara. Métodos A meta primária foi a ceratometria média de poder refrativo total da córnea. Também estudamos os efeitos da idade, grau de ceratocone e fenótipo clínico nos resultados, bem como as seguintes variações de ceratometria e variações de aberrometria: mais plana, mais curva, média, máxima, astigmatismo, raiz quadrada média da aberração comática primária e raiz quadrada média da aberração comática secundária. Resultados A redução pós-operatória imediata da ceratometria média do poder refrativo total da córnea foi de 3,08±1,51 dioptrias (D) (p<0,001). Aos 4 anos, a ceratometria média do poder refrativo total da córnea aumentou para 0,57±0,96D (p=0,005). Entre 4 e 7 anos, não houve mudança na ceratometria média da potência refrativa total da córnea (p=0,727). O grau de ceratocone foi um fator que afetou a eficácia dos segmentos do anel intrastromal da córnea, alcançando um efeito maior naqueles com maior grau de ceratocone (p=0,012 entre grupos). A redução pós-operatória imediata foi de 1,77±1,88D para a mais plana, 3,91±2,30D para a mais curva, 2,76±1,63D para a média, 4,42±3,26D para a máxima, 2,15±2,68D para o astigmatismo, 1,03±0,83µm para a raiz quadrada média da aberração comática primária e raiz quadrada média da aberração comática secundária (p<0,001 em todos os casos). Aos 4 anos, a maioria das curvas aumentou 0,42±0,78D (p=0,001), a média aumentou 0,54±0,64 (p<0,001) e a raiz quadrada média da aberração comática primária diminuiu 0,14±0,27µm (p=0,020). Conclusão O implante de anel intrastromal corneano Ferrara é um tratamento eficaz e estável a longo prazo para pacientes com ceratocone. Há, no entanto, uma regressão parcial a médio prazo.

Abstract Bruxism is the repetitive muscle-mandibular behavior characterized by clenching and/or grinding of the teeth, which reflects the presence of one or more underlying conditions or factors. The objective of this descriptive study was to determine the association between bruxism and stress self-perceived during the pandemic, as well as their frequency by gender and academic area. An interrogation and self-perceived stress scale PSS-14 were applied to students from the different areas of the Institute of Health Sciences (ICSa) to determine the presence or absence of stress and bruxism symptom, a Chi-square was used for the comparison between variables, considering a value of p<0.005 as significant, a two-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate the difference between the symptoms before and during the isolation of the pandemic. The total number of participants was 825, a final sample of 420 students was obtained, made up of 297 (70.72%) women and 123 (29.28%) men, with an average age of 20±1.75 years. We found an association between the frequency of bruxism and severe stress generated during the social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a high perception of stress in the medicine area and a high frequency of bruxism in the área of nutrition p>0.005. ICSa students between 18 and 24 age perceive symptoms of bruxism and high levels of stress caused during the pandemic.

Resumen El bruxismo es el comportamiento músculo-mandibular repetitivo caracterizado por apretamiento y/o rechinamiento de los dientes, que refleja la presencia de una o varias condiciones o factores subyacentes. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de determinar la asociación del nivel de estrés y síntomas de bruxismo autopercibidos durante la pandemia, así como su frecuencia por género y área académica. Se aplicó un interrogatorio y escala de estrés percibido PSS-14 a los estudiantes de las distintas áreas del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud (ICSa) para determinar la presencia o ausencia de estrés y síntomas de bruxismo, se utilizó una Chi-cuadrada para la comparación entre variables, considerando significativo un valor de p<0,005, así como ANOVA de dos vías para evaluar la diferencia entre los síntomas antes y durante el aislamiento de la pandemia. De los 825 participantes se obtuvo una muestra final de 420 estudiantes compuesta por 297 (70.72%) mujeres y 123 (29.28%) hombres, con un promedio de 20±1.75 años de edad. Existe una asociación entre la frecuencia de bruxismo y estrés severo generados durante el aislamiento social de la pandemia COVID-19, prevaleciendo percepción alta de estrés en el área de medicina y alta percepción en la frecuencia de síntomas de bruxismo en el área de nutrición p>0.0001. Los estudiantes de 18 a 24 años de edad del ICSa perciben síntomas de bruxismo y altos niveles de estrés originados durante la pandemia.

Resumen Introducción: La neumonía por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 es una enfermedad nueva, por lo que las secuelas a largo plazo siguen siendo poco claras y los reportes del tema son aún escasos. El presente estudio buscó describir los hallazgos tomográficos al ingreso hospitalario y luego de 3 meses de neumonía asociada a COVID-19 y correlacionarlos con la alteración de las pruebas de función pulmonar a los 3 meses de la hospitalización. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo que evaluó las secuelas funcionales pulmonares y la evolución del compromiso imagenológico a los tres meses de hospitalización por neumonía asociada a COVID-19. Todos los exámenes fueron revisados por un radiólogo experto. Se identificó el patrón tomográfico predominante y se estableció la extensión de las alteraciones mediante un puntaje, previamente validado. En las TC de seguimiento, se evaluó la extensión del compromiso imagenológico, el porcentaje de reducción del compromiso del espacio aéreo y presencia de otras alteraciones. Estos hallazgos se relacionaron con las pruebas de función pulmonar (PFP) a los 3 meses (espirometría, DLCO y test de caminata de 6 min: TC6M). Para estos análisis los pacientes se agruparon según la oxigenoterapia utilizada en la hospitalización: oxigenación estándar (O2), cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) o ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI). Resultados: Se evaluaron un total de 116 pacientes, de los cuales 75 eran hombres, edad promedio fue 60,6 ± 14,5 años. Los pacientes fueron seguidos en promedio 100 días. 70 pacientes pertenecieron al grupo O2 estándar, 25 CNAF y 21 VMI. La TC control a los 3 meses mostró que 78 pacientes presentaron recuperación tomográfica mayor a 50%. El promedio del puntaje de extensión del compromiso tomográfico fue significativamente mayor en el grupo con PFP alterada, comparado con el grupo con PFP normal (espirometría 6,8 vs. 4,6, p = 0,03; DLCO 5,7 vs. 4,1, p = 0,04, TC6M 7,0 vs. 4,2, p = 0,002). Conclusiones: En el seguimiento de los pacientes adultos hospitalizados por neumonía asociada a COVID-19, los pacientes con mayor extensión del compromiso imagenológico pulmonar fueron los que presentaron alteraciones funcionales pulmonares significativas.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is an emergent disease, then long term sequelae are still on investigation. This study evaluated the imaging features at the admission to the hospital and then 3 months after discharge of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia and compared findings with functional respiratory recovery. Patients and Methods: Prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in “Hospital Naval Almirante Nef”, Viña del Mar Chile. Imaging evolution and respiratory function were analyzed after 3 months discharge. All the imagens were reviewed by an expert radiologist, who identified a predominant pattern and defined an extension score previously validated. These findings were compared with 3 months CT and respiratory function evaluated with spirometry, DLCO and 6 minutes walking test (6MWT). Also, patients were categorized in 3 different group, depending on oxygen support: conventional oxygen, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and mechanical ventilation. Results: 116 patients were evaluated, 75 men with a mean age of 60.6 ± 14.5 years-old. The median follow-up was 100 days. 70 patients were on conventional oxygen group, 25 in high-flow nasal cannula and 21 in mechanical ventilation. 3-month CT control showed tomographic recovery > 50% in 78 patients. The mean score of extension was significant higher in the group with altered respiratory functional test, compared with the group with normal results (spirometry 6.8 vs. 4.6, p = 0.03; DLCO 5.7 vs. 4.1, p = 0.04; 6MWT 7.0 vs. 4.2, p = 0.002). Conclusion: 3 months after discharge of COVID-19 pneumonia, patients with higher tomographic score present significant abnormalities in respiratory functional test.

RESUMEN El mosquito Aedes aegypti es una especie antropoflica que se ha adaptado a entornos urbanos y es el principal vector de enfermedades como el dengue, la fiebre de Zika, la enfermedad del Chikungunya y la fiebre amarilla, lo que representa una importante carga al sistema de salud, en especial en países tropicales donde es endèmico. Ejercer apropiadamente la vigilancia en salud pública es fundamental para la prevención de estas enfermedades mediante sistemas de información. El propósito de este trabajo es proporcionar una plataforma de tecnologias de la información (TI), integrando tecnologias abiertas Web GIS y mHealth para la vigilancia entomológica del vector a partir de colaboración abierta distribuida para la generación de mapas de infestación. Se realizó un piloto con un grupo focal de 23 estudiantes del curso de epidemiologia, que permitió registrar l20 elementos en 55 reportes en la Universidad de los Llanos para la generación automática de 21 mapas de calor de sintomas, zancudos y criaderos, y un mapa global de infestación. Este trabajo sugiere una perspectiva novedosa de interacción y participación colaborativa de la comunidad con las autoridades de salud soportado por las TI.

RESUMO O mosquito Aedes aegypti è uma espècie antropofílica que se adaptou aos ambientes urbanos e è o principal vetor de doenças como dengue, febre Zika, doença Chikungunya e febre amarela, o que representa uma carga significativa para o sistema de saúde, especialmente em países tropicais onde é endêmica. O exercício adequado da vigilância em saúde pública è essencial para a prevenção dessas doenças por meio de sistemas de informação. O objetivo deste trabalho è fornecer uma plataforma de tecnologia da informação (TI), integrando tecnologias abertas Web GIS e mHealth para a vigilância entomológica do vetor com base em uma colaboração aberta distribuída para a geração de mapas de infestação. Um piloto foi realizado com um grupo focal de 23 estudantes do curso de epidemiologia, que permitiu o registro de l20 elementos em 55 relatórios na Universidad de los Llanos para a geração automática de 2l mapas de calor de sintomas, mosquitos e criadouros, e um mapa de infestação global. Este trabalho sugere uma nova perspectiva de interação e participação colaborativa da comunidade com autoridades de saúde apoiadas por TI.

ABSTRACT The Aedes aegypti mosquito is an anthropophilic species that has adapted to urban environments and it is the main vector of diseases such as dengue, Zika fever; Chikungunya disease and yellow fever; which represents a significant burden on the health system, especially in tropical countries where it is endemic. Properly exercising public health surveillance is essential for the prevention of these diseases through information systems. The purpose of this work is to provide an information technology (IT) platform, integrating open technologies Web GIS and mHealth for the entomological surveillance ofthe vector; based on crowdsourcing for the generation of infestation maps. A pilot was carried out with a focus group of 23 students from the epidemiology course, which allowed the registration of l20 elements in 55 reports at the Universidad de los Llanos for the automatic generation of 2l heatmaps of symptoms, mosquitoes and breeding sites, and a global infestation map. This work suggests a novel perspective of interaction and collaborative participation of the community with health authorities supported by IT

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract In the scientific literature, there are few studies that have explored the possible interactions between the explanatory factors of the creation of science-based companies (Berbegal-Mirabent, Ribeiro-Soriano, and Sánchez García, 2015) and addressed the differences in the creation of this type of company according to the gender of the entrepreneur (Sinell, Mueller-Wieland and Muschner, 2018); Most of the research on the creation of science-based companies of university origin has focused on the effect of isolated variables to explain their emergence and at one or two levels of analysis, in this sense, it seeks to answer: how do they differ the causal configurations of science-based companies according to the gender of the entrepreneur? The objective is to identify causal differences in the creation of science-based companies according to the gender of the entrepreneur, taking into account analysis variables at the macro, meso and micro levels. The study includes companies supported by incubators and accelerators located in different cities in Mexico. 185 university companies were analyzed, not all of which are scientifically based. The information was collected through an online survey and processed through comparative qualitative analysis for fuzzy sets. As a result, it was found that no variable by itself is a sufficient condition to generate science/technology-based companies regardless of the gender of the entrepreneurs, since all the causal configurations that reached the minimum consistency of 0.80 were made up of more than one variable. When the data on spin-offs generated by men is analyzed, only a sufficient configuration emerges in which the presence of a degree of study, area of knowledge, experience in research, a regulatory framework that allows the researcher to obtain royalties for the intellectual property generated in the institution and a team of founders. When the analysis is carried out only for the female gender, it was identified that the presence of a degree of studies, area of knowledge, experience in research, experience in the industry, a regulatory framework that allows obtaining royalties from the intellectual property generated in the institution, entrepreneurial culture and external financing, in both cases the configurations reach the minimum of 0.80. It is concluded that women replace the founding team, necessary for men, with experience in industry, entrepreneurial culture and external financing while they coincide in degree of studies, area of knowledge, experience in R&D and the presence of regulations that ensure the participation of academics in the royalties generated by the institution from which the company emerges. It is noteworthy that in none of the configurations does the presence of technology transfer offices appear necessary.

Resumo Na literatura científica, são poucos os estudos que exploraram as possíveis interações entre os fatores explicativos da criação de empresas de base científica (Berbegal-Mirabent et al., 2015) e abordam as diferenças na criação desse tipo de empresa de acordo com ao gênero do empreendedor (Sinell et al., 2018); De fato, a maior parte das pesquisas sobre a criação de empresas de base científica e universitária tem se concentrado no efeito de variáveis isoladas para explicar seu surgimento e em um ou dois níveis de análise. Diante disso, levantou-se a seguinte questão: como as configurações causais das empresas de base científica diferem de acordo com o gênero do empreendedor? O objetivo é identificar diferenças causais na criação de empresas de base científica de acordo com o gênero do empreendedor e levando em consideração variáveis de análise nos níveis macro, meso e micro. O estudo inclui empresas apoiadas por incubadoras e aceleradoras localizadas em diferentes cidades do México. Foram analisadas 185 empresas universitárias, nem todas com base científica; Em cada empresa, obteve-se a resposta do empresário empresarial. As informações foram coletadas por meio de uma pesquisa online e processadas por meio de análise qualitativa comparativa para conjuntos fuzzy. Como resultado, verificou-se que nenhuma variável por si só é condição suficiente para gerar empresas de base científica/tecnológica, independentemente do gênero dos empreendedores, pois todas as configurações causais que atingiram a consistência mínima de 0,80 foram compostas por mais do que uma variável. Quando se analisam os dados dos spin-offs gerados pelos homens, surge apenas uma configuração suficiente em que a presença de um grau de estudos, área de conhecimento, experiência em pesquisa, um marco regulatório que permita ao pesquisador obter royalties para a propriedade intelectual gerada na instituição e uma equipe de fundadores. Quando a análise é realizada apenas para o gênero feminino, identificou-se que a presença de um grau de estudos, área de conhecimento, experiência em pesquisa, experiência na indústria, um marco regulatório que permite a obtenção de royalties da propriedade intelectual gerados na instituição, cultura empreendedora e financiamento externo. Em ambos os casos as configurações atingem o mínimo de 0,80. Conclui-se que as mulheres substituem a equipe fundadora, necessária para os homens, com experiência na indústria, cultura empreendedora e financiamento externo, ao mesmo tempo em que coincidem em grau de estudos, área de conhecimento, experiência em P&D e presença de regulamentações que assegurem a participação de acadêmicos nos royalties gerados pela instituição da qual a empresa surge. Note-se que em nenhuma das configurações parece necessária a presença de escritórios de transferência de tecnologia.