RESUMO Introdução A debilidade da cadência e da velocidade de rotação no tênis de mesa traz novos desafios à força física dos jovens jogadores, apresentando um redobrado esforço para a aptidão física e a estabilidade dos movimentos de tacada. Objetivo Estudar a influência do exercício aeróbico e anaeróbico no efeito de treinamento dos jogadores de tênis de mesa. Métodos 27 jovens jogadores de tênis de mesa de 9-17 anos de idade do Instituto de Tênis de Mesa da China foram selecionados como os objetos experimentais. Eles foram divididos em 14 no grupo experimental durante 12 semanas de treinamento de força central e 13 no grupo de controle durante 12 semanas de treinamento físico de rotina. Resultados não houve diferença significativa no grupo de controle antes e depois do experimento (P >0,05); não houve diferença significativa na força do núcleo entre o grupo experimental e o grupo de controle antes do experimento (P > 0,05). Conclusão Após o experimento, a força central dos dois grupos de jovens jogadores de tênis de mesa melhorou, e a força central do grupo experimental melhorou significativamente, do quarto nível para o quinto nível de manutenção da mesa de postura corporal. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction The weakness of cadence and rotation speed in table tennis brings new challenges to the physical strength of young players, presenting a redoubled effort for physical fitness and stability of the shot movements. Objective Study the influence of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the training effect of table tennis players. Methods 27 young table tennis players aged 9-17 years old from China Table Tennis Institute were selected as the experimental objects. They were divided into 14 in the experimental group for 12 weeks of core strength training and 13 in the control group for 12 weeks of routine physical training. Results There was no significant difference in the control group before and after the experiment (P > 0.05); there was no significant difference in core strength between the experimental group and the control group before the experiment (P > 0.05). Conclusion After the experiment, the core strength of both groups of young table tennis players improved, and the core strength of the experimental group improved significantly from the fourth level to the fifth level of body posture table maintenance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La debilidad de la cadencia y de la velocidad de rotación en el tenis de mesa plantea nuevos desafíos a la fuerza física de los jóvenes jugadores, presentando un esfuerzo redoblado para la aptitud física y la estabilidad de los movimientos de tiro. Objetivo Estudiar la influencia del ejercicio aeróbico y anaeróbico en el efecto del entrenamiento de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Métodos Se seleccionaron 27 jóvenes jugadores de tenis de mesa de entre 9 y 17 años del Instituto de Tenis de Mesa de China como objetos experimentales. Se dividieron en 14 en el grupo experimental para 12 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza central y 13 en el grupo de control para 12 semanas de entrenamiento físico rutinario. Resultados no hubo diferencias significativas en el grupo de control antes y después del experimento (P > 0,05); no hubo diferencias significativas en la fuerza central entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control antes del experimento (P > 0,05). Conclusión Después del experimento, la fuerza central de ambos grupos de jóvenes jugadores de tenis de mesa mejoró, y la fuerza central del grupo experimental mejoró significativamente desde el cuarto nivel hasta el quinto nivel de mantenimiento de la postura corporal de la mesa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7, POA), a 16-carbon ω-7 monounsaturated functional fatty acid, has been demonstrated a variety of beneficial properties to human health and a wide range of applications in nutrition, medical and chemical industries. Lipozyme® RM IM (Rhizomucor Miehei lipase), a Sn-1,3 specific lipase, was used to catalyze the hydrolysis of seabuckthorn fruit oil and produce monoglycates rich in palmitoleic acid. The fruit oil of seabuckthorn was used as the research object, the dosage of enzyme taking 10% wt.% oil, the influence of water/oil ratio, pH value and reaction temperature to hydrolysis rate were investigated, and then the response surface methodology was applied for optimizing the process conditions. Further, the relationship between the hydrolysis rate and the content of monoacylglycerol was studied under the optimal hydrolysis conditions. The result indicated that the optimal combined condition is as follows: the reaction temperature is 55°C, the pH is 7, the water-oil quality ratio is 1:1. The hydrolysis rate achieved 79.59% within 12 h in the condition above. Under the optimal conditions, the hydrolysis rate was positively correlated with the content of monoester, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 within the first 10 h of the reaction. The hydrolysis rate was 66.76% at 10 h, and the content of monoglyceride reached the highest of 61.11%. Hereafter, the hydrolysis of monoglyceride began if the reaction continued. The content of palmitoleic acid increased from 27.11% to 40.84%, and that of linoleic acid increased from 4.51% to 33.34%, so the total amount of the two functional fatty acids reached 74.18%. Enzymatic hydrolysis can be an effective way to improve the function of seabuckthorn fruit oil.

Abstract GnRH analogues were widely used for controlld ovary stimulation, but their effects on oocyte quality remain contradictory. This study aimed to explore the influence of GnRH analogues on oocyte quality in mice. A total of 120 mice were randomly assigned to four groups:(i)GnRH-a+PMSG group; (ii) GnRH-ant+PMSG group; (iii) PMSG group; (iv) Control group. Ovaries were collected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess GDF9 and BMP15 mRNA expression, and protein expression were evaluated by western blotting. Moreover, embryo developmental progress in vitro and implantation rate in vivo were recorded. Compared with control group, both GDF9 mRNA and protein expressions were strengthened in PMSG group, but reduced in the presence of GnRH-a or GnRH-ant. The GnRH-a group exhibited decreased BMP15 mRNA expression compared to PMSG group, while the GnRH-ant group did not show the same pattern. BMP15 protein expression were not statisticlly different among the four groups. Notably, there was no statistically difference in the expression of these two factors between GnRH-a and GnRH-ant groups. The percentage of zygotes progressing to the 2-cell stage and percentage of 2-cell advancing to the blastocyst stage were similar in the PMSG group and control group. However, both the GnRH-a and GnRH-ant groups showed decreased embryos development rates compared to other two groups. The embryonic implantation rate in control group (53.3%) was higher than that in the GnRH-a and GnRH-ant groups (33.3% and 30.8%, P<0.05). The difference between the PMSG (45.0%) and GnRHa group was statistically significant (P value of 0.023), but not between the PMSG and GnRH-ant group (P value of 0.486). No statistical difference was confirmed between GnRH-a and GnRH-ant groups. Our findings shed light on the safety of GnRH analogues in ovary stimulation, and highlight the need for further research to establish optimal and effective controlled ovary stimulation protocol.

Abstract Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster (TQRP), a typical Chinese patent medicine that contains 13 different herbal remedies, is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of cervical spondylosis and osteoarthritis. However, due to a lack of in vitro transdermal studies, the active ingredients of TQRP have not been fully elucidated. This presents a huge obstacle for quality evaluation, pharmacokinetic studies and clinical safety assessment of TQRP. In this work, a UPLC/UV/MS/MS method was established and validated to evaluate five analytes in TQRP. The validation demonstrated linearity (r > 0.99), specificity (no co-eluting peaks at the retention times of the analytes), and precision (RSD < 15%) within acceptable parameters. A skin permeation study was performed to determine the concentrations of drugs delivered to the dermis. The 24-hour cumulative permeation of ferulic acid, aleo-emodin, emodin and piperine were 303.68, 709.31, 671.06 and 25561.01 ng/cm2, respectively. According to the fitting data of the TQRP active components, skin permeation was mainly due to a combination of passive diffusion and drug release after matrix erosion.

Abstract The extract of Belamcanda chinensis leaves (BCLE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes-related hyperlipidemia in Hainan province, South China. In this study, the lipid-decreasing effects of BCLE on obese diabetes were investigated on KK-Ay mice. The component F2 ameliorated lipid disorder, as indicated by decreased levels of body weight, liver index, levels of TC, TG and LDL-c in the serum and liver. The enhancement effect of F2 on liver SOD and the inhibitory effect of F2 on MDA demonstrated that F2 exhibited significant antioxidant activity on liver injury. F2 also prevented vacuolar degeneration and reduced pathological tissue injury in liver. In addition, the component F1 decreased the levels of TG, LDL-c and MDA in the liver. These findings suggest that F2 may have therapeutic potential in the prevention and therapy of hyperlipemia and liver disease associated with obesity-related diabetes.

Abstract High fat diet may cause obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other diseases, and even mortality. The recombinant rice based on mixing lotus seed starch and broken rice flour was used to feed high-fat diet rats, and its effects on body weight and organ index were determined. The changes of intestinal flora in rats were studied by macrogenomic technology, and the effects of lotus seed starch-broken rice flour recombinant rice (LSBR) on intestinal flora in rats were discussed. The results showed that adding enough LSBR could effectively inhibit the weight gain of rats, reduce the liver index from 0.3498 to 0.2836, and the kidney index from 0.0079 to 0.0072. The reduction of intestinal flora abundance and diversity caused by high-fat diet were improved, the relative abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidete was reduced from 11.04 to 2.17, while the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was increased.

Abstract The object of this study was to investigate the influence of bagging or the combination of umbrella and bags on berry composition, especially anthocyanin accumulation, in ‘Kyoho’ (V. labruscana) berry skins. Five different colors and bag materials commonly used in production were chosen for this study: white, green, yellow, nonwoven and transparent, and the umbrellas were made of plastic material. The composition and content of anthocyanins in the berry skin of ‘Kyoho’ were analyzed by HPLC-MS. The results showed that bagging or a combination of umbrella and bags on anthocyanin concentration in ‘Kyoho’ grapes showed inconsistent effects that depended on the colors and materials of the bags and the use of an umbrella or not. Compared with the control, the inhibition effects of white, green and yellow bags on the soluble solids content and the total and individual anthocyanin concentrations in ‘Kyoho’ grapes reached significant levels; effects of green and yellow bags were the most significant among them. The plastic umbrella used in this study also presented a lower relative light intensity and produced more even-colored clusters. White, green, and yellow bags and combinations of umbrella and bags significantly increased some stable anthocyanin proportions to varying degrees, such as coumaroylated and methylated anthocyanins, compared to the control.

Abstract The brittle failure of rock is closely related to the rock crack initiation, propagation, coalescences and nucleation. Although many brittleness indexes have been proposed to describe the brittle behavior of rocks, the relationship between the brittleness index and crack initiation stress under triaxial compressive states has not been fully understood. This paper introduced the current main brittleness indexes and discussed their applicabilities for triaxial compressive tests. Granite specimens from a gold mine are prepared for experimental tests. The triaxial compressive tests are carried out on stiff testing machine and the confining pressures are 5 to 110 MPa. Experimental results on the stress-strain curves show that the post-peak behaviors of the granite under confining pressures are in Class I and Class II types. The brittleness indexes, crack initiation stress, compressive strength, elastic moduls and Poisson’s ratio of the granite are obtained and discussed. It has been found that, the crack initiation stress linearly increases with the increasing of confining pressure. Moreover, a power function can describe the relationship between the brittleness index and crack initiation stress for Class I rock behavior while an exponential function can describe the relationship between the brittleness index and crack initiation stress for Class II rock behavior.

Abstract Histone methylation plays a crucial role in various biological processes, from heterochromatin formation to transcriptional regulation. Currently, no information is available regarding histone methylation modifiers in the important rubber-producing plant Hevea brasiliensis. Here, we identified 47 histone methyltransferase (HMT) genes and 25 histone demethylase (HDM) genes as possible members of the histone methylation modifiers in the rubber tree genome. According to the structural features of HMT and HDM, the HbHMTs were classified into two groups (HbPRMs and HbSDGs), the HbHDMs have two groups (HbLSDs and HbJMJs). Expression patterns were analyzed in five different tissues and at different phases of somatic embryogenesis. HbSDG10, 21, 25, 33, HbJMJ2, 18, 20 were with high expression at different phases of somatic embryogenesis. HbSDG10,14, 20, 21, 33 and HbPRMT4 were expressed highly in anther, HbSDG14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 33, 35 and HbPRMT1 HbJMJ7 and HbLSD1, 2, 3, 4 showed high expression levels in callus. HbSDG1, 7, 10, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 35, HbPRMT1, 8, HbJMJ5, 7, 11, 16, 20 and HbLSD2, 3, 4 were expressed highly in somatic embryo. HbSDG10, 21, 25, 33, HbLSD2, 3 were expressed highly in bud of regenerated plant. The analyses reveal that HbHMTs and HbHDMs exhibit different expression patterns at different phases during somatic embryogenesis, implying that some HbHMTs and HbHDMs play important roles during somatic embryogenesis. This study provide fundamental information for further studies on histone methylation in Hevea brasiliensis.

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo es investigar la fuente de luz estándar para calificar y mostrar el color de jadeíta roja y clasificarlo. Con el espectrómetro Raman, el espectrofotómetro ultravioleta-visible y el espectrómetro de fluorescencia de rayos X, los resultados muestran que el Fe 3+ es el principal mineral cromogénico de la jadeíta roja, que se correlaciona negativamente con el ángulo tonal, mientras que el color de la jadeíta roja tiene una correlación positiva con el contenido de hematita. El color de 120 muestras de jadeíta roja se examinó recogiendo el reflectante señalado desde la superficie de la muestra utilizando una esfera de integración con el espectrofotómetro portátil X-Rite SP62 basado en espacio de color uniforme CIE 1976 L*a*b*. Se analizaron los parámetros de color de las muestras de jadeíta bajo las fuentes de luz estándar D65, A y CWF. El espectro de luz de la fuente de luz D65 es continuo, relativamente suavizado con alta temperatura de color, lo que hace que el color de la muestra sea similar al de la luz natural y puede usarse como la mejor fuente de luz de evaluación. Una fuente de luz contribuye a mejorar el tono rojo de jadeíta, que es la mejor fuente de luz para la exhibición comercial de jadeíta roja. La fuente de luz CWF se puede utilizar como iluminación auxiliar para la evaluación del color. El color de la jadeíta roja se divide en cinco niveles, de mejor a peor, utilizando el análisis de conglomerados K-Means y el análisis discriminante de Fisher bajo la fuente de luz D65: Fancy Vivid, Fancy Deep, Fancy Intense, Fancy dark y Fancy.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to investigate the standard light source for grading and displaying the color of red jadeite and to classify the color. With Raman spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the results show that, the Fe 3+ is the main chromogenic mineral of red jadeite, which negatively correlates with the tonal angle, while the color of red jadeite has a positive correlation with the hematite content. The color of 120 red jadeite samples was examined by collecting the reflective signaled from the sample surface using an integrating sphere with the portable X-Rite SP62 spectrophotometer based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space. The color parameters of jadeite samples under D65, A and CWF standard light sources were analyzed. The light spectrum of D65 light source is continuous, relatively smoothed with high color temperature, which makes the sample color close to that under the natural light and can be used as the best evaluation light source. A light source contributes to improve the red tone of jadeite, which is the best light source for commercial display of red jadeite. CWF light source can be used as the auxiliary lighting for color evaluation. The color of red jadeite is divided into five levels from best to worst using K-Means cluster analysis and Fisher discriminant analysis under D65 light source: Fancy Vivid, Fancy Deep, Fancy Intense, Fancy dark and Fancy.

Abstract Purpose: To establish a hypotensive brain death pig model and observe the effects of hypotension on small bowel donors. Methods: The hypotensive brain death model was produced using the modified intracranial water sac inflation method in ten domestic crossbred pigs. Effects of hypotensive brain death on small bowel tissue morphology were evaluated through changes in intestinal tissue pathology, tight junction protein of the intestinal mucosa and plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (i-FABP) levels. The pathophysiological mechanism was examined based on changes in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow and systemic hemodynamics. Results: After model establishment, SMA blood flow, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly decreased, while heart rate increased rapidly and fluctuated significantly. Small bowel tissue morphology and levels of tight junction protein of the intestinal mucosa showed that after model establishment, small bowel tissue injury was gradually aggravated over time (P<0.05). Plasma i-FABP levels significantly increased after brain death (P<0.05). Conclusions: A hypotensive brain death pig model was successfully established using an improved intracranial water sac inflation method. This method offers a possibility of describing the injury mechanisms more clearly during and after brain death.

Abstract MYB is a large family of plant transcription factors. Its function has been identified in several plants, while there are few reports in Medicago truncatula. In this study, we used RNA-seq data to analyze and identify R2R3-MYB genes in the genome of Medicago truncatula. Phylogenetic analysis classified 150 MtMYB genes into 21 subfamilies with homologs. Out of the 150 MtMYB genes, 139 were distributed among 8 chromosomes, with tandem duplications (TD) and segment duplications (SD). Microarray data were used for functional analysis of the MtMYB genes during growth and developmental processes providing evidence for a role in tissues differentiation, seed development processes, and especially the nodulation process. Furthermore, we investigated the expression of MtMYB genes in response to abiotic stresses using RNA-seq data, which confirmed the critical roles in signal transduction and regulation processes under abiotic stress. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to validate expression profiles. The expression pattern of M. truncatula MYB genes under different abiotic stress conditions suggest that some may play a major role in cross-talk among different signal transduction pathways in response to abiotic stresses. Our study will serve as a foundation for future research into the molecular function of M. truncatula R2R3-MYB genes.

ABSTRACT Here we reported the outbreak of measles cases caused by the genotype D8 measles virus for the first time in Jiangsu province in China, which was possibly imported by a foreign student from Laos. Throat swab specimens were collected, and used to isolate virus. 634-bp fragment of the N gene and 1854-bp fragment of H gene were amplified by reverse transcription-PCR and sequenced, respectively. Phylogenetic results indicated that they belonged to genotype D8 measles virus. Further epidemiology investigation showed that the adults with D8 measles virus infection did not receive measles vaccine before having measles. In China, almost all D8 genotype MeV only infected those population without receiving measles vaccine immunization. Therefore, it is still necessary to implement the supplement activity of measles immunization target adult with immunity gap.

In order to achieve hot processing products with expected microstructures, the construction of corresponding relationships between micro-evolution mechanisms and hot processing parameters is essential. In this study, such corresponding relationships of as-cast AlCu4SiMg alloy were constructed by double evaluating processing maps and Zener-Holloman (Z) parameter maps. Based on the stress-strain data obtained from a series of isothermal compression experiments, the processing maps of AlCu4SiMg alloy were constructed at the strain of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 s-1. The processing maps revealed that the optimal hot deformation parameter windows corresponding to dynamic recrystallization (DRX) micro-evolution mechanism mainly appear at high temperature and moderate strain rate. On the other hand, the response maps of Z parameter at discrete strains were constructed, and the ideal processing windows were calibrated at the domains with relatively low lnZ-value. A phenomenon was found that the optimal deformation parameter windows identified by Z parameter are more conservative than those identified by processing map. By integrating processing maps and Z parameter maps, the optimal processing parameter windows corresponding to DRX micro-evolution mechanism for AlCu4SiMg alloy were finally obtained.

Abstract Medicago ruthenica is a perennial forage legume with the remarkable ability to survive under unfavorable environmental conditions. It has been identified as an excellent species of Medicago that can adapt to various environmental stresses including low temperature, drought, and salinity. To investigate its potential as a genetic resource, we performed transcriptome sequencing and analysis in M. ruthenica under abiotic stresses. We generated >120 million reads from six cDNA libraries, resulting in 79,249 unique transcripts, most of which were highly similar to transcripts from M. truncatula (44,608, 56.3%) and alfalfa (M. sativa, 48,023, 60.6%). Based on gene expression profiles, 2,721 transcripts were identified as abiotic stress responsive genes which were predicted to be mainly involved in phytohormone signaling pathways, transcriptional regulation, and ROS-scavenging. These results suggest that they play critical roles in the response to abiotic stress. In summary, we identified genes in our transcriptome dataset involved in the regulation of the abiotic stress response in M. ruthenica which will provide a valuable resource for the future identification and functional analysis of candidate genes for adaption to unfavorable conditions. The genes identified here could be also useful for improving stress tolerance traits in alfalfa through molecular breeding in the future.