Resumen La atención gerontológica como toda actividad profesional arrastra situaciones de conflicto comunes a toda relación laboral, que en última instancia remiten a los problemas que registra el sector de los cuidados a mayores para ofertar puestos de trabajo de calidad y suficientemente remunerados. En este caso se pone el foco de atención sobre tres aspectos que se consideran de interés a estos efectos: por un lado, la lucha de los trabajadores por un salario justo; por otro, el conflicto jurídico generado en torno al convenio colectivo aplicable a las empresas multiservicios que operan en este sector; finalmente, el debate jurídico sobre las funciones que son propias de los gerocultores. Siendo de agradecer la intervención del Tribunal Supremo en la resolución de las dos últimas cuestiones señaladas, la dinámica de este sector permite concluir que todavía queda un largo camino por recorrer hasta situar al mismo en el umbral de lo que puede estimarse como trabajo decente. En este sentido, la mejora de los estándares laborales del sector parece que claramente han de pasar, con independencia de las puntuales soluciones judiciales, por una dinámica negociadora que alumbre unas condiciones de trabajo más acordes con el estándar referido, sobre todo en materia de salario.

Abstract Gerontological care, like any professional activity, involves situations of conflict common to any employment relationship, which ultimately refer to the problems experienced by the care sector for the elderly in order to offer quality and sufficiently paid jobs. In this case, the focus is on three aspects that are considered of interest for these purposes: on the one hand, the workers' struggle for a fair salary; on the other, the legal conflict generated around the collective agreement applicable to multi-service companies operating in this sector; finally, the legal debate on the functions that are typical of the gerocultores. Being grateful for the intervention of the Supreme Court in the resolution of the last two issues mentioned, the dynamics of this sector allows us to conclude that there is still a long way to go to place it at the threshold of what can be considered as decent work Being grateful for the intervention of the Supreme Court in the resolution of the last two issues mentioned, the dynamics of this sector allows us to conclude that there is still a long way to go to place it at the threshold of what can be considered as decent work. In this sense, the improvement of labour standards in the sector seems to clearly have to go through, regardless of specific judicial resolutions, through a dynamic negotiation that sheds light on working conditions that are more in line with the aforementioned standard, especially in terms of salary.

Resumo A condicionalidade, entre outros aspectos, determina que o desenvolvimento regulatório dos países que integram a União Europeia possa ser realizado, como é habitual na esfera social, sem a intervenção, ainda que mínima, dos representantes dos trabalhadores e empresários, assim como de outras formações políticas no campo legislativo. Essa ausência de participação social ou política pode promover ações de resposta, sejam tradicionais (greves, manifestações, retirada de apoio parlamentar na adoção de medidas legislativas etc.), ou novos tipos (concentrações espontâneas em locais públicos, assembleias gerais de cidadãos sem convocador definido, surgimento de formações sociais e políticas de tipologia menos visível ou outras semelhantes). A crise financeira desencadeada no final de 2007 e a provocada pela situação de emergência sanitária decorrente da disseminação global da Covid-19, no início de 2020, têm incentivado precisamente o uso da condicionalidade no espaço da União Europeia. No entanto, as formas como a condicionalidade se desenvolveu em uma e outra crise no Estado espanhol não foram idênticas. Também não foram idênticas as reações dos atores sociais e políticos, pois se na primeira crise esses atores experimentaram uma redução nas suas funções de participação ou intervenção na ação legislativa e na proposição de ações políticas, na segunda as possibilidades de ação foram muito mais significativas, assim como a sua contribuição para os esforços a fim de superar a situação de crise.

Abstract Conditionality, among other aspects, determines that the regulatory development of the countries that make up the European Union can be carried out, as is usual in the social sphere, without the intervention, or at least minimally, of the workers’ representatives and entrepreneurs, and also from other political formations in the legislative field. Logically, this absence of social or political participation can promote response actions against them, either traditional (strikes, demonstrations, withdrawal of parliamentary support in adoption of legislative measures etc.), or new types (spontaneous concentrations in public places, general assemblies of citizens without a defined convener, appearance of social and political formations of less visible typology, or other similar ones). The financial crisis unleashed at the end of 2007 and the one derived from the health emergency situation due to the global spread of Covid-19, at the beginning of 2020, have precisely encouraged the use of conditionality in the European Union space. However, the way in which conditionality has been developed in one and another crisis in the Spanish State can be said that it has not been identical. Neither have been the reactions of social and political subjects, because if in the first crisis these subjects have experienced a reduction in their functions of participation or intervention in legislative action and in the proposal of political actions, in the second the possibilities of action have been much more significant, and also their contribution to efforts to overcome the crisis situation.

Abstract: The prolongation of the active life of older workers is one of the central social policies of the European Union in relation to the security in the future of the Welfare State in Europe. In this regard, this article is a reflection on the future role that the collective autonomy, and ultimately the workers’ representatives and employers, has to play in this area, on the basis of existing experience in Spain and France. Finding the existence of a long way to go, particularly with regard to the development of intergenerational dynamics of negotiation, the author pleads for the development of negotiating practices inclusive of the labour activity of young and older workers that takes into account the positive values that each group can contribute to the development of intergenerational dynamics of negotiation, the author pleads for the development of negotiating practices inclusive of the labour activity of young and older workers that takes into account the positive values that each group can contribute to the development of the enterprises. However, it is considered that the action of the collective autonomy in this area must be accompanied by a more specific legal treatment of the advanced age of the worker as a factor with impact on employment and the working relationship that support the action of that.

Resumen: La prolongación de la vida activa de los trabajadores de edad avanzada constituye una de las políticas sociales centrales de la Unión Europea en relación con la garantía futura del Estado de bienestar en Europa. En este sentido, el presente artículo constituye una reflexión sobre el papel futuro que la autonomía colectiva, y en definitiva los representantes de los trabajadores y empresarios, ha de desempeñar en esta materia, partiendo de la experiencia existente al respecto en España y Francia. Constatada la existencia de un largo camino por recorrer, particularmente por lo que respecta al desarrollo de dinámicas de negociación intergeneracional, el autor aboga por el desarrollo de prácticas negociadoras integradoras de la actividad laboral de los trabajadores jóvenes y de edad avanzada, que tenga en cuenta los valores positivos que cada colectivo puede aportar al desarrollo de las empresas. No obstante, se considera que la acción de la autonomía colectiva en este ámbito debe acompañarse de un tratamiento legal más específico de la edad avanzada del trabajador, como factor con incidencia en el empleo y la relación de trabajo, que respalde la acción de aquélla.

RÉSUMÉ: Le retrait à l'âge normal réduit, des pilotes et copilotes des lignes aériennes est réglé en Espagne par le Décret Royal 1559/1986, du 28 juin. Néanmoins, au cours des années plusieurs de réformes ont arrivées à la législation, ainsi, comme un changement dans la jurisprudence constant de la Cour suprême, laquelle a transformé la mise d'application du Décret Royal dont on a parlé. Du point de vue de la pérennité du système de sécurité social espagnol sont mises en place toutes les clés normatives et jurisprudentiels signalées, en arrivant à la conclusion sur la possible actuation de la négociation collective dans ce sujet.

ABSTRACT: The ordinary retirement age reduced the pilots and co-pilots airlines is regulated in Spain by the Royal Decree 1559/1986, to June 28. However, over the years have happened different regulatory reforms, as well as any change in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, which have transformed the scene in which occurs the application of the aforesaid Royal Decree. From the perspective of the sustainability of the Spanish Social Security system are analyzed all keys regulations and jurisprudential indicated, culminating with a reflection on the possible role of collective bargaining in the matter.

RESUMEN: La jubilación a edad ordinaria reducida, de pilotos y copilotos de las líneas aéreas, se regula en España por el Real Decreto 1559/1986, de 28 de junio. Sin embargo, a lo largo de estos años se han sucedido distintas reformas normativas, así como algún cambio en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo, que han transformado el escenario en el que se produce la aplicación del citado Real Decreto. Desde la perspectiva de la sostenibilidad del sistema de seguridad social español se analizan todas las claves normativas y jurisprudenciales indicadas, culminando con una reflexión sobre el posible papel de la negociación colectiva en la materia.