H.E. Rodríguez-Ríos, J.A. Campos-Parra, P.A. Williams-Salinas, M.H. Blanck-Heimann, R.G. Astudillo-Neira, and J.D. Grande-Cano. 2015. The inclusion of distiller’s dried corn grains with solubles in the feed of laying hens during the production stage. Cien. Inv. Agr. 42(3): 331-339. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of distiller’s dried corn grains with solubles (DDGS) in the diet of laying hens on their productive parameters (live weight, laying percentage, and feed intake) and egg quality (egg weight, mass, yolk color and shell thickness). This study was conducted in the Andes Mountains in Parral, Chile. It covered a span of 13 weeks of productive egg laying, ranging from the 31st to the 44th week of life of the hens. The experimental design was a random complete block using 225 Hy-Line Brown breed hens, distributed in 5 treatments, where each treatment consisted of three repetitions in 15 hens. The treatments included replacing soybean concentrate with DDGS at levels that corresponded to inclusion in the diet of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The laying percentage, feed intake and feed conversion did not decrease with increasing levels of DDGS in the diet, but there was a slight decrease in egg weight and a lower egg mass. Yolk color increased with increasing levels of DDGS. The use of DDGS is possible as a replacement for soybean bran in levels up to 20% in the diet of laying hens without affecting their production, as demonstrated by the lack of significant differences among treatments in measured egg laying parameters

H.E. Rodríguez-Ríos, J.A. Campos-Parra, P.A. Williams-Salinas, M.H. Blanck-Heimann, R.G. Astudillo-Neira y J.D. Grande-Cano. 2015. Inclusión de granos secos de destilería con solubles en gallinas de postura en la alimentación durante la etapa de postura. Cien. Inv. Agr. 42(3): 331-339. El objetivo de este ensayo fue evaluar el uso de granos secos de destilería con solubles (DDGS) en la dieta de gallinas de postura en relación a los parámetros productivos (peso vivo, porcentaje de postura, consumo de alimento) y calidad del huevo (peso de huevo, masa, color de yema y grosor de la cáscara). Este estudio fue realizado en la Cordillera de los Andes, Comuna de Parral, Chile. Tuvo una duración de 13 semanas de postura, desde la semana 31 a la 44 de vida de las aves. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar, usando 225 gallinas de la raza Hy-Line Brown, distribuidas en 5 tratamientos, donde cada uno tuvo 15 repeticiones de 15 gallinas. El tratamiento consistió en el reemplazo en diferentes niveles del concentrado de soya por DDGS, que correspondieron a niveles de inclusión en la dieta de 5, 10, 15 y 20%. El color de la yema fue mayor con aportes incrementales de DDGS. Se concluye que el uso de DDGS es posible como reemplazo del afrecho de soya en niveles de hasta 20% en la dieta de gallinas de postura, debido a la falta de diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos postura de huevos.

Foram utilizados 16 cabritos Saanen não castrados dos 15,16±1,60kg até 30,61±0,33kg de peso vivo, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, alimentados com dietas (tratamentos) com grãos de linhaça, girassol ou canola. A dieta-controle foi formulada com feno de aveia, farelo de soja, milho moído e suplemento vitamínico-mineral. Os pesos da carcaça quente e fria e os rendimentos da carcaça e de cortes comerciais não foram modificados pelos tratamentos. A dieta com grãos de canola resultou em maior perda por resfriamento da carcaça e menor proporção de gordura no lombo, e a proporção de osso no lombo foi maior para os animais que receberam linhaça ou canola. Os teores de umidade, proteína, lipídios totais e cinzas do músculo Longissimus dorsi não foram alterados com a adição dos grãos de oleaginosas. A dieta com grãos de linhaça resultou em aumento do teor de ômega-3 no músculo, e o teor de colesterol e a razão ômega-6/ômega-3 foram menores nos tratamentos que continham linhaça, girassol e canola. A inclusão dos grãos de oleaginosas nas dietas não alterou as características quantitativas da carcaça de cabritos Saanen, mas melhorou a qualidade da carne, que apresentou menos colesterol e mais ômega-3, com o uso de linhaça.

Sixteen non-castrated Saanen kids from 15.16±1.60kg to 30.61±0.33kg of body weight, allotted into completely randomized experimental design, were fed experimental diets (treatments) containing flaxseed, sunflower, or canola oilseeds, and a control diet based on oat hay, soybean meal, ground corn, and vitamin-mineral supplement. Hot and cold carcass weight, carcass and commercial cuts yields were not modified by treatments. Canola seed in diets resulted in greater weight loss by cooling and lower loin fat proportion. Loin bone proportion was higher for kids fed flaxseed or canola. The moisture, protein, lipid, and ash contents in the Longissimus dorsi were not affected by oilseeds inclusion. Flaxseed in the diet increased the omega-3 content in muscle. Cholesterol content and omega-6/omega-3 ratio were lower to the treatments with flaxseed, sunflower, and canola. Oilseeds in diets of Saanen kids did not alter the carcass quantitative traits, but improved the quality of meat, with less cholesterol and more omega-3 using flaxseed.

The Tuning Project aims at promoting the construction of a European Higher Education Space through a process of debate and reflection on the role of the universities in training qualified students for their future professional duties in the 21st century. For this purpose, deep transformations will have to be implemented with regard to the teaching/learning process, the role of teachers and students, the new definition of the credits system, etc. The concept of competence is a major constituent of the organization of the curriculum. Defining that competence will permit to analyse duty performance, guide teaching procedures towards concrete objectives and promote a new learner-based educational system. This articles analyses the concept of competence and its relation to nursing attention and care.

El Proyecto Tuning pretende impulsar la construcción de un Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior a través de un movimiento de debate y reflexión sobre el papel de la Universidad en la formación de los profesionales preparados para el desempeño en la sociedad del siglo XXI. En su base se encuentran profundas transformaciones en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el rol a desempeñar por profesores y alumnos, la definición de un sistema de créditos, etc. El concepto de competencia ocupa un lugar central en el lenguaje de la organización del currículum y la definición de los perfiles de competencias permitirá comparar el desempeño y guiar la docencia hacia objetivos concretos impulsando un nuevo paradigma educativo basado en el aprendizaje. Este artículo analiza el concepto de competencia y su relación con los cuidados como objeto y fundamento del saber enfermero.