Abstract Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease and approximately one-third of its carriers do not have evident genetic abnormalities. The mutation of specific molecular markers, such as fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FTL3) internal tandem duplication (ITD), FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) and nucleophosmin (NPM1), are associated with an adverse and favorable prognosis, respectively. Objective The objective was to determine the prevalence of FLT3/ITD and NPM1 in Chilean patients and their association with clinical data and prognosis. Method and Results Two hundred and thirty-two children were studied between 2011 and 2017, the median being 8.6 years (ranging from 1 to 18 months). Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was diagnosed in 29%. The FLT3/ITD-mutated in non-promyelocytic AML was at 10% (14/133) and the FLT3/TKD, at 3.7% (2/54). In APL, it was at 25.4% (16/63). In non-promyelocytic AML, the FLT3/ITD-mutated was associated with a high leucocyte count, the median being 28.5 x mm3 (n= 14) versus 19.4 x mm3 (n= 119), (p= 0.25), in non-mutated cases. In APL, the median was 33.6 x mm3 (n= 15) versus 2.8 x mm3 (n= 47), (p < 0.001). The five-year overall survival (OS) in non-promyelocytic AML with non-mutated and mutated FLT3/ITD were 62.7% and 21.4%, respectively, (p < 0.001); the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) were 79.5% and 50%, respectively, (p < 0.01). The five-year OS in APL with non-mutated and mutated FLT3/ITD was 84.7% and 62.5%, respectively, (p= 0.05); the 5-year EFS was 84.7% and 68.8%, respectively, (p= 0.122). The NPM1 mutation was observed in 3.2% (5/155), all non-promyelocytic AML with the normal karyotype. Conclusion The FLT3/ITD mutation was observed more frequently in APL and associated with a higher white cell count at diagnosis. However, the most important finding was that the FLT3/ITD mutation was associated with a shorter survival in non-promyelocytic AML.

ABSTRACT Dogs are considered to be the main domestic reservoir associated with the transmission of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi to humans in endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis in America. However, little is known about the role of canines as a source of infection in endemic areas of nonulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL). Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the role of dogs as a possible reservoir of the parasite in Southern Honduras. Dogs (n = 107) living with individuals affected by NUCL were clinically examined and biological material was collected for parasitological and immunological diagnosis. Most animals showed a healthy appearance and a few presented slight weight loss (64%), alopecia (7%), onychogryphosis (5%) and skin lesions (1%). The overall seroprevalence of Leishmania infection based on the DDP ® quick test and/or in-house ELISA serological test was 41%. The presence of the parasite’s DNA was confirmed in 94% of the dogs; however, the average parasite load in the buffy coat was low at 6.09 parasites/µL, ranging between 0.221 and 50.2. The skin of seropositive dogs examined by histopathology using paraffin sections stained by hematoxylin and immunohistochemistry did not show cutaneous lesions or parasite amastigotes. Based on the absence of parasites in the skin and the low parasite load detected in the buffy coat, it seems that the dog does not represent a good source of infection for the vector in the endemic area of NUCL transmission in Southern Honduras. Other domestic and/or wild animals should be investigated.

Resumen La pedagoga española Carmen de Burgos Seguí fue una maestra de enseñanza primaria y maestra de escuela normal que expandió su actividad en diversos ámbitos. Mujer de intensa vida que además de docente fue conferenciante, periodista, primera reportera de guerra, traductora, autora de diversos libros, así como numerosos artículos periodísticos, escribió con intención educativa y divulgadora. Simboliza el progreso y la modernidad, defensora de la educación de las mujeres, precursora de los derechos cívicos, feminista, republicana y masona. Avanzada a su tiempo irradia sus actividades en el primer tercio del siglo XX siendo reconocida en Europa y América.

Resumo A pedagoga espanhola Carmen de Burgos Seguí foi professora primária e professora normal que expandiu a sua atividade em vários campos. Mulher de vida intensa que, além de professora, foi conferencista, jornalista, primeira repórter de guerra, tradutora, autora de vários livros e também de numerosos artigos jornalísticos, escreveu com intuito educativo e informativo. Simboliza progresso e modernidade, defensora da educação feminina, precursora dos direitos cívicos, feminista, republicana e maçom. À frente de seu tempo, irradiou suas atividades no primeiro terço do século XX, sendo reconhecida na Europa e na América.

Résumé La pédagogue espagnole Carmen de Burgos Seguí fût une maîtresse d'enseignement primaire et maîtresse de l'école normale qui a répandu son activité à des domaines diverses. Femme de vie intense qui, en plus d'être enseignante, elle fût conférencière, journaliste, première reporter de guerre,traductrice, auteur de plusieurs livres,ainsi que de nombreux articles journalistiques, écrivit avec une intention éducative et à des fins d'information. Elle symbolise le progrès et la modernité, défenseur de l'éducation des femmes, précurseur des droits civiques, féministe, républicaine et franc-maconne. Pionnière dans son temps, elle irradie ses activités pendant le premier tiercé du XX siècle, étant reconnue en Europe et Amérique.

Abstract The Spanish pedagogue Carmen de Burgos Seguí was a primary school teacher and School for the training of primary teachers who expanded her activity in various fields. A woman with an intense life who, in addition to being a teacher, was a lecturer, journalist, first female war reporter, translator, author of several books as well as numerous journalistic articles, she wrote with an educational and informative intention. She symbolizes progress and modernity, defender of women's education, precursor of civic rights, feminist, republican and freemason. Ahead of her time, she radiated her activities in the first third of the 20th century, being recognized in Europe and America.

Resumen: Objetivo: Fue analizar las características sociodemográficas y diagnósticas de la población en psicoterapia. Materiales y Método: Diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de 322 expedientes. Resultados: La mayoría es masculina (60%), joven (33%), católica (81%) y con secundaria (26%). Las mujeres presentan más trastornos de ansiedad (56%), relacionados con traumas y estresores (71,4%), personalidad (75%), grupo de apoyo primario (65%), abandono infantil (80%), abuso (71,4%) y otros relacionados con el entorno social (62,5%). Los varones tenían problemas de neurodesarrollo (100%), control de impulsos/conducta (70%) y educación familiar (54,4%). Los problemas más frecuentes son la relación padre-hijo (14,6%), los conflictos con la pareja (8,9%) y la fase vital (6,1%). Conclusiones: En lugar de tratarse de problemáticas individuales, la mayoría de los problemas (especialmente para las mujeres) se derivan de las dificultades de su entorno (inseguridad, pobreza) o de la falta de habilidades sociales para manejar sus relaciones interpersonales de manera asertiva (estilos de crianza, resolución de problemas de pareja). La masculinidad agresiva se encuentra presente en muchas de las situaciones atendidas, aún cuando los pacientes no habían tomado conciencia de ello al llegar al servicio.

Abstract: Objective: It was to analyze the sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics of the population attending psychotherapy. Materials and Method: Design was quantitative, descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal of 322 files. Results: It was found that the majority is male (60%), young (33%), Catholic (81%) and with basic school (26%). Females present more anxiety disorders (56%), related to trauma and stressors (71.4%), personality (75%), primary support group (65%), child neglect (80%), abuse (71.4%) and others related to social environment (62.5%). Males had neurodevelopmental (100%), impulse control/behavioral (70%) and family upbringing (54.4%) problems. Most frequent problems are the parent-child relationship (14.6%), conflicts with the partner (8.9%) and life phase (6.1%). Conclusions: Instead of individual problems, most of population (especially women) attended derive from difficulties in their environment (insecurity, poverty) or from the lack of social skills to manage their interpersonal relationships in an assertive manner (parenting styles, resolution of couple problems). Aggressive masculinity is present in many situations, even when patients did not realize it when attending the service.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The declaration of the pandemic in March 2020 has forced the world's universities to adapt to a new methodology based entirely on virtuality. Objective: To identify the impact generated by the virtualization of education on the academic performance of medical students in 2020. Methods: An observational, descriptive study with a cross-sectional. The data of the academic performance of the students of the fourth and fifth years of the years 2019 and 2020 were obtained anonymously from the university's database. The data were entered in Excel and analyzed by EpiInfo; qualitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequency, continuous ones as mean and standard deviation. The chi square test was used at a significance level of 0,05 to establish associations between variables. Results: In the fourth year regarding the pharmacology subject, the average percentage during 2020 was 80 %, in surgical semiology 87.3 % and in medical semiology 87.9 %. In the fifth year in terms of gynecology and obstetrics, the average percentage during 2020 was 92 %, in pediatrics 74.7 % and in medical clinic 89.6 %. Conclusion: There was a significant impact generated by the virtualization of education on the academic performance of medical students in 2020 compared to 2019.

RESUMEN Introducción: La declaración de la pandemia en marzo del 2020 ha obligado a las universidades del mundo a adaptarse a una nueva metodología basada totalmente en la virtualidad. Objetivo: Identificar el impacto generado por la virtualización de la educación en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de medicina en el año 2020. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Los datos del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del cuarto y quinto curso de los años 2019 y 2020 fueron obtenidos de manera anónima de la base de datos de la universidad. La información recolectada fue ingresada en Excel y analizada en EpiInfo; las variables cualitativas se expresaron como frecuencia absoluta y relativa, las continuas como media y desviación estándar. Resultados: En el cuarto año en cuanto a la asignatura farmacología, el porcentaje promedio durante el año 2020 fue del 80 %, en semiología quirúrgica 87,3 % y en semiología médica 87,9 %. En el quinto año en cuanto a la asignatura ginecología y obstetricia el porcentaje promedio durante el año 2020 fue del 92 %, en pediatría 74,7 % y en clínica médica 89,6 %. Conclusión: Hay importante impacto generado por la virtualización de la educación en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de medicina en el año 2020, en comparación con el año 2019.

ABSTRACT Background Tooth decay and periodontal disease are currently considered the main causes of tooth loss. Timely prosthetic rehabilitation is the ideal treatment for this problem, as it allows the restoration of lost functions. Objective to characterize tooth loss in relation to the need for prosthetic treatment. Methods descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, carried out with all the patients who attended the El Carmen stomatological consultation, belonging to the Barrio Adentro Mission in the Barinas, Venezuela, from January to June 2018. The age, tooth loss, need for prosthetic treatment and type of prosthesis were analyzed. Results female sex predominated, represented by 62.4%, and patients aged between 19 and 34 years old, with 48.7%. The loss of 7 and more teeth prevailed in the studied group. The 63.4% required prosthetic treatment, and partial rehabilitation was the most demanded. Conclusion the conditions of oral health, specifically of tooth loss, in these Venezuelan patients, were characterized by the predominance of the female sex, as well as the youngest. A large number of participants were affected by the absence of seven and more teeth. The need for prosthetic treatment increased with age, with a greater demand for partial prostheses.

RESUMEN Fundamento La caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal se consideran en la actualidad las principales causas de la pérdida dentaria. La rehabilitación protésica oportuna es el tratamiento ideal ante esta problemática, pues permite restablecer las funciones perdidas. Objetivo caracterizar la pérdida dentaria en relación con la necesidad de tratamiento protésico. Métodos estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal, realizado con la totalidad de pacientes que acudieron a la consulta estomatológica El Carmen, perteneciente a la Misión Barrio Adentro en el Estado Barinas, Venezuela, entre los meses de enero a junio de 2018. Se analizó edad, pérdida dentaria, necesidad de tratamiento protésico y tipo de prótesis. Resultados predominó del sexo femenino, representado por un 62,4 %, y los pacientes de edades comprendidas entre 19 y 34 años, con un 48,7 %. La pérdida de 7 y más dientes prevaleció en el grupo estudiado. El 63,4 % requirió tratamiento protésico, y fue la rehabilitación parcial la más demandada. Conclusión el estado de salud bucal, específicamente de la pérdida dentaria, en estos pacientes venezolanos, se caracterizó por el predominio del sexo femenino, así como de los más jóvenes. Un gran número de participantes estuvo afectado por la ausencia de siete y más dientes. La necesidad de tratamiento protésico se incrementó con la edad, con mayor demanda de las prótesis parciales.

Resumen Introducción: la cistitis es la infección del tracto urinario más común a nivel mundial y los antibióticos son su terapia convencional; sin embargo, la tasa de prevalencia de la resistencia de los uropatógenos a los antibióticos ha aumentado significativamente en los últimos tiempos. El tratamiento con arándano rojo se ha asociado con la inhibición de la adherencia de la Escherichia coli a las células uroepiteliales debido a la propiedad antiadherente relacionada con su contenido de proantocianidinas. La cysticlean® (CYS) es un extracto de arándano rojo que contiene 240 mg de PAC por cápsula. Objetivo: estudiar la eficacia y seguridad de la CYS en el tratamiento de la cistitis como reemplazo de los antibióticos en personas adultas mayores. Material y métodos: se estudiaron dos grupos, uno (G1) en el que el primer episodio de cistitis se registró dentro de los últimos 3 meses antes del inicio del estudio y otro (G2) en el que se registraron episodios recurrentes de cistitis frecuentes (≥1-2 al mes) en los últimos 3 meses antes del inicio del estudio. Los pacientes del G1 fueron tratados con 1 cápsula de CYS cada 12 horas durante 1 mes, mientras que los del G2 fueron tratados por 12 meses con el mismo esquema. La evaluación comparativa se realizó mediante la prueba de Student. Resultados: en el estudio participaron 160 pacientes ambulatorios de la tercera edad residentes de hogares de ancianos y con diagnóstico de cistitis recurrente. De estos, 38 se incluyeron en G1 y 122, en G2. El tratamiento de la cistitis a base de arándano rojo tuvo éxito en el 81,57 % y el 81,96 % de los pacientes de G1 y G2, respectivamente. Conclusión: la CYS demostró ser una terapia alternativa eficaz a los antibióticos para tratar las recurrencias de cistitis causadas por E. coli al no presentarse efectos secundarios ni reacciones adversas.

Abstract Introduction: Cystitis is the most prevalent urinary tract infection (UTI), and antibiotics are its conventional therapy. However, the prevalence rate of antibiotic resistance to uropathogens is significantly increased. Cranberry treatment has been associated with the inhibition of Escherichia coli (Ec) adherence to uroepithelial cells due to the anti-adhesive property related to its proanthocyanidins content, and cysticlean® (CYS) is a cranberry extract which contains 240 mg PACs per capsule. Since elderly people is one of the populations mostly exposed to cystitis and bacteria antibiotic resistance, it was decided to originally study the efficacy and safety of CYS, to treat cystitis instead of antibiotic, in elderly individuals. Material & Methods: Two groups were studied: Group 1 (G1): first cystitis episode was recorded within the last 3 months before the study initiation. Group 2 (G2): frequent cystitis recurrent episodes (1-2/month or more) within the last 3 months before the study initiation. G1 patients were treated with 1 capsule of CYS every 12 h for 1 month, while G2 patients were treated up to 12 months. Comparative evaluation was performed using Student test. Results: 160 elderly ambulatory and nursing home patients suffering from recurrent cystitis were treated with CYS. G1 and G2 had 38 and 122 subjects, respectively. Cranberry-based cystitis treatment was successful in 81.57 % and 81.96 % in G1 and G2 patients, respectively. Conclusion: CYS showed to be an effective alternative therapy to antibiotics to treat cystitis recurrences caused by Ec. Neither side effects nor adverse reactions have been reported.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the loss of any of the primary teeth results in morphological and functional alterations in the growth and development of the jaws. Objective: to design an action plan on the premature loss of primary teeth aimed at children from five to 10 years old of the “Manuel Ascunce Domenech” Semi-internship, in the Municipality of Sagua la Grande, during the period from September 2014 to June 2015. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was carried out. The study population consisted of 127 children of both sexes, a figure that coincides with the sample. Various methods and techniques were used to collect information, such as oral examination, interview, focus group and questionnaire. Results: the age of the most frequent early loss of primary teeth was seven years due to dental caries, followed by trauma in the lower left arch, and the most affected tooth was the second molar. The children have a moderately adequate level of information. The action plan has 13 actions aimed at preventing premature loss of primary teeth and the specialists considered it pertinent and feasible. Conclusions: it is necessary to look for more effective methods of health education in order to achieve success in the educational work with children in this type of education, for which the use of key tools such as dialogic and persuasive communication, creativity and participative affective techniques expressed in a previously organized and planned plan of action is indispensable.

RESUMEN Introducción: la pérdida de alguno de los dientes temporales trae como resultado alteraciones morfológicas y funcionales en el crecimiento y el desarrollo de los maxilares. Objetivo: diseñar un plan de acción sobre la pérdida prematura de dientes temporales dirigido a niños de cinco a 10 años. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal en el Semi-internado “Manuel Ascunce Domenech”, del Municipio de Sagua la Grande, durante el período de septiembre de 2014 a junio de 2015. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 127 niños de ambos sexos, cifra que coincide con la muestra. Para la recogida de la información se emplearon diversos métodos y técnicas como el examen bucal, la entrevista, el grupo focal y el cuestionario. Resultados: la edad de la pérdida temprana de dientes temporales más frecuente fue de siete años por caries dental, seguida por traumatismos en la arcada inferior izquierda, y el diente más afectado fue el segundo molar. Los niños tienen un nivel de información medianamente adecuado. El plan de acción cuenta con 13 acciones dirigidas a la prevención de pérdida prematura de dientes temporales y los Especialistas lo consideraron pertinente y factible. Conclusiones: constituye una necesidad buscar métodos cada día más efectivos de educación para la salud para lograr el éxito en la labor educativa en niños en este tipo de enseñanza, para lo que es indispensable el uso de herramientas claves como la comunicación dialogada y persuasiva, la creatividad y las técnicas afectivas participativas expresadas en un plan de acción previamente organizado y planificado.

Resumo Contexto As intervenções carotídeas visam prevenir eventos cerebrovasculares. O tratamento endovascular (implante de stent na artéria carótida) se estabeleceu como uma alternativa à cirurgia aberta em alguns casos. Historicamente, o sexo feminino é considerado um fator de risco perioperatório, mas há poucos estudos abordando essa hipótese em casos de stent de carótida. Objetivos Analisar os resultados do CAS em nosso centro ajustados por sexo. Métodos Este estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluiu pacientes com ateromatose carotídea operados em um centro de janeiro de 2016 a junho de 2019. Nosso objetivo foi comparar o risco cardiovascular, incluindo infarto do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e mortalidade, de acordo com o sexo. No seguimento, foram descritos patência do stent, reestenose, acidente vascular cerebral, infarto do miocárdio e morte. Resultados Setenta e uma intervenções foram realizadas: 50 homens (70,42%) e 21 mulheres (29,57%). A média de idade foi de 70,50 ± 10,72 anos nos homens e 73,62 ± 11,78 anos nas mulheres. Os fatores de risco cardiovascular não diferiram significativamente entre os sexos. A média de seguimento foi de 11,28 ± 11,28 meses. Durante o seguimento, não houve diferenças significativas nos eventos neurológicos. Nenhum evento cardiológico adverso foi detectado. Quanto à taxa de mortalidade, durante o seguimento de médio prazo ocorreram 2 óbitos neurológicos sem diferenças significativas entre os sexos (p = 0,8432). Não foi observada maior taxa de reestenose no seguimento de longo prazo (5,63% vs. 1,41%, p = 0,9693) ou de reoperação (1,41% vs. 1,41%, p = 0,4971) ao comparar os dois sexos. Todos os procedimentos permaneceram pérvios (< 50% de reestenose). Conclusões Apesar das limitações deste estudo, o stent de carótida em mulheres é uma opção terapêutica tão eficaz e segura quanto em homens. Nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os sexos.

Abstract Background The aim of carotid interventions is to prevent cerebrovascular events. Endovascular treatment (carotid-artery-stenting/CAS) has become established as an alternative to open surgery in some cases. Historically, female sex has been considered as a perioperative risk factor, however, there are few studies regarding this hypothesis when it comes to CAS. Objectives To analyze the CAS results in our center adjusted by sex. Methods A retrospective cohort study was designed, including patients with carotid atheromatosis operated at a single center from January 2016 to June 2019. Our objective was to compare cardiovascular risk, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality, by sex. Follow-up rates of stent patency, restenosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and death were reported. Results 71 interventions were performed in 50 men (70.42%) and 21 women (29.57%). Mean age was 70.50 ± 10.72 years for men and 73.62 ± 11.78 years for women. Cardiovascular risk factors did not differ significantly between sexes. Mean follow-up was 11.28 ± 11.28 months. There were no significant differences in neurological events during follow-up. No adverse cardiological events were detected at any time. Regarding the mortality rate, during medium-term follow up there were 2 neurological related deaths with no significant differences between sexes (p=0.8432). Neither sex had higher rated of restenosis during long term follow-up (5.63% vs. 1.41%, p = 0.9693) or reoperation (1.41% vs. 1.41%, p = 0.4971). All procedures remained patent (<50% restenosis). Conclusions Despite the limitations of our study, CAS is a therapeutic option that is as effective and safe in women as in men. No sex differences were observed.

Abstract Objective: To study the innovation from the systemic approach in the apple agri-food sector, supported by the hypothesis that the acceptability of innovations depends on the agricultural practices learned and the resources dedicated to its application, by some socio-economic variables of the producer and for the functioning of fruit markets. Methodology: It is applied an index of acceptability of technological innovation is applied to identify and measure the process of acceptance of technological practices, and the existence of a relationship between socio-economic variables with the innovative profile of the producer is explored. Personal interviews were conducted, with a structured questionnaire to 44 producers -22 from an organization and 22 not organized. Results: Producers are identified, incorporating the innovation of the improved apple system, obtaining an acceptability index of 0.58 units, rated as excellent, which accounts for the incorporation of innovative agricultural practices along with the surface that the producer dedicates. Limitations: The need complement the study with other apple producing regions, in the estate of Puebla. Conclusions: In addition to the high acceptability index, is identified the existence of a relationship between the variables experience as apple producer, income obtained, the market to which the three variables with statistical significance (p <0.05) concur with the innovative profile of the producer.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la innovación desde el enfoque sistémico en el sector agroalimentario de manzana, soportada por la hipótesis que la aceptabilidad de innovaciones depende de las prácticas agrícolas aprendidas y de los recursos dedicados a su aplicación, por algunas variables socioeconómicas del productor y por el funcionamiento de los mercados de frutas. Metodología: Se aplica un Indice de aceptabilidad de la innovación tecnológica, para identificar y medir el proceso de aceptación de las prácticas tecnológicas, y se explora la existencia de relación entre las variables socioeconómicas, con el perfil innovador del productor. Se levantaron entrevistas personales, con un cuestionario estructurado a 44 productores -22 de una organización y 22 no organizados-. Resultados: Se identifican productores de manzana, incorporando la innovación del sistema mejorado de manzana, obteniendo un índice de aceptabilidad de 0.58 unidades, calificado como excelente, que contabiliza la incorporación de prácticas agrícolas innovadoras junto con la superficie que le dedica el productor. Limitaciones: La necesidad de complementar el estudio con otras regiones productoras de manzana, en el estado de Puebla. Conclusiones: Además del alto índice de aceptabilidad, se identifica la existencia de relación entre las variables experiencia como productor de manzana, ingresos que obtiene, el mercado al que concurren, con el perfil innovador del productor, las tres variables con significancia estadística (p < 0.05).

Abstract Objective: To analyze medication errors reported in 2018 in a highly complex Chilean public hospital. Methodology: Quantitative, retrospective, descriptive and correlational study. The variables sex and age of the patient, month of the incident, type of error, service, stage of the medication process and contributing factors were analyzed. Results: The incidents were more frequent in summer months, in female patients over 60 years of age. The most commonly reported errors were incorrect dose, medication and patient. The highest number of notifications were registered in the pharmacy. Errors occurred more frequently in the administration and dispensing stages. Among the contributing factors are inefficient check-up, attrition or work overload, overconfidence, lack of training, and patient confusion. Conclusion: Vacation periods concentrate the highest number of medication errors, associated with work overload and lack of training for replacement professionals, whose training must be reinforced.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar errores de medicación notificados en 2018 en un hospital público de alta complejidad chileno. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, descriptivo y correlacional. Se analizaron las variables sexo y edad del paciente, mes del incidente, tipo de error, servicio, etapa del proceso de medicación y factores contribuyentes. Resultados: Los incidentes fueron más frecuentes en meses estivales, en pacientes mayores de 60 años y de sexo femenino. Los errores más notificados fueron dosis, medicamento y paciente incorrecto. En farmacia se registraron el mayor número de notificaciones. Los errores ocurrieron con mayor frecuencia en las etapas de administración y dispensación. Entre los factores contribuyentes destacan chequeo ineficiente, desgaste o sobrecarga laboral, exceso de confianza, falta de capacitación y confusión del paciente. Conclusión: Los periodos vacacionales concentran el mayor número de errores de medicación, asociados a la sobrecarga laboral y falta de capacitación de los profesionales de reemplazo, cuya formación debe ser reforzada.

Abstract: Background and Aims: Due to the lack of knowledge about macroalgae in Tabasco’s coastal lagoons, this work was determined in three seasons, the macroalgae diversity associated to the El Carmen lagoon, municipality of Cardenas and contributes to the biological and ecological knowledge of the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Methods: Three samplings were carried out in an annual cycle from 2015 to 2016, during the rainy, northern wind and dry seasons. The organisms were collected manually, fixated with seawater and 4% formalin, identified, and deposited in the UJAT and FCME (UNAM) herbaria. Key results: Twenty-one species of marine macroalgae were recorded, of which three are new records for the state of Tabasco. The Rhodophyta division with the families Gracilariaceae and Rhodomelaceae had the highest species richness and Gracilaria blodgetti was the most abundant species. The greatest diversity and abundance appeared in the northern wind season. Conclusions: There is an increase to 125 species in the number of records of Rhodophyta species and 28 in the Ochrophyta for Tabasco. Hence, it is suggested to extend the sampling time and perform systematic work in an annual cycle, in order to have a better representation of the diversity and seasonality of the macroalgae in the El Carmen lagoon.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Debido a la escasez de conocimiento sobre macroalgas en lagunas costeras de Tabasco, en este trabajo se determina la diversidad ficoflorística de macroalgas asociadas a la laguna El Carmen, municipio de Cárdenas, y se contribuye al conocimiento biológico y ecológico en el estado de Tabasco. Métodos: Se realizaron tres muestreos en un ciclo anual de 2015 a 2016 durante la época de lluvias, la de nortes y la de secas. Los organismos se recolectaron manualmente, se fijaron con agua marina y formol al 4%, se identificaron y se depositaron en los herbarios FCME (UNAM) y UJAT. Resultados clave: Se reportan 21 especies de macroalgas marinas, tres de las cuales son nuevos registros para el estado de Tabasco. La división Rhodophyta con las familias Gracilariaceae y Rhodomelaceae tiene la mayor riqueza de especies; Gracilaria blodgetti es la más abundante. La temporada de nortes obtuvo la mayor riqueza y abundancia. Conclusiones: Se incrementó a 125 el número de registros de Rhodophyta y 28 de Ochrophyta para Tabasco. Se sugiere ampliar el número de muestreos sistemáticos en un ciclo anual con la finalidad de tener una mejor representación de la diversidad y la estacionalidad de las macroalgas en la laguna El Carmen.