Resumen El presente estudio propone analizar la eficacia de la terapia que integra el enfoque cognitivo conductual y el centrado en soluciones para reducir el estrés infantil ocasionado por el COVID-19. La modalidad empleada fue mediante un taller en línea, el cual consistió en 5 sesiones semanales, en dónde se aplicaron las estrategias de reestructuración cognitiva, psicoeducación, solución de problemas, adiestramiento en autoinstrucciones, mindfulness, pregunta escala y excepciones. Se contó con la asistencia de siete personas (cinco niñas y dos niños) de entre 9 y 12 años, quienes mediante la evaluación del inventario de estrés cotidiano infantil demostraron una disminución en el estrés percibido; y, en el Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, un aumento en habilidades de relajación y atención plena. La prueba no paramétrica de rangos Wilcoxon indicó cambios significativos y con el tamaño de efecto encontrado se puede concluir que el taller en línea, diseñado con técnicas cognitivo conductuales y centrada en soluciones, es una buena opción para tratar temas de estrés en la población infantil.

Abstract The present study proposes to analyze the efficacy of the integration of the cognitive behavioral and the solutions focused on therapies to reduce childhood stress caused by COVID-19. The modality featured used was through an online workshop, which consisted of five5 weekly sessions and in which the strategies of Cognitive Restructuring, Psychoeducation, Problem-Solving, Training in Self-Instructions, Mindfulness, Scale Question, and Exceptions were applied. Seven people (five women and two men) between 9 and 12 years old attended the workshop. The evaluation of the Child Daily Stress Inventory demonstrated a decrease in perceived stress among the participants and the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure an increase in relaxation and mindfulness skills. The non-parametric Wilcoxon rank test supports the hypothesis that there were significant differences after the intervention. Thus, it can be concluded that the online workshop, designed with cognitive behavioral and focused on solutions therapies, is a good option to deal with stress-related issues in the child population.

Abstract The present study evaluates an online workshop, using an integrative therapy approach combining cognitive behavioral and solution focused therapy, to manage stress and fear of contagion of COVID-19. Ten people (1 man and 9 women) with an age range between 19 and 60 years old participated in a total of 5 weekly sessions. Results of the assessments (Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Coronavirus Psychological Impact Questionnaire and Pandemic-Related Perceived Stress Scale of COVID-19) showed a decrease in perceived stress and fear of COVID-19. The effect size found when comparing the initial and final scores supports the conclusion that the online workshop can be considered a good option to address issues of stress and fear.

Resumen El presente estudio evalúa un taller en línea basado en la terapia que integra el enfoque cognitivo-conductual y el centrado en soluciones para manejar el estrés y el miedo de contagio de COVID-19. Participaron 10 personas (1 hombre y 9 mujeres) de entre 19 y 60 años con un total de 5 sesiones semanales. Los resultados de las evaluaciones (escala de miedo al COVID-19, cuestionario de impacto psicológico del coronavirus y escala de estrés percibido relacionado con la pandemia de COVID-19) mostraron una disminución del estrés percibido y del miedo hacia el COVID-19. El tamaño del efecto encontrado al comparar los puntajes iniciales y finales respalda la conclusión de que el taller en línea puede considerarse una buena opción para tratar temas sobre estrés y miedo.

Resumen Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Estadística en México. En este estudio instrumental, se analizó una muestra no probabilística de 383 estudiantes de psicología mexicanos que respondieron a dos escalas actitudinales. El modelo bifactor definido por un factor general y tres factores específicos (seguridad, agrado-utilidad y motivación) mostró las mejores propiedades de ajuste a los datos y de validez convergente en sus modelos de medida. La actitud promedio fue neutra y más positiva en hombres que en mujeres. El factor general de actitud hacia la estadística tuvo correlación alta con actitud hacia la investigación. Se concluye el bifactor de tres factores representa mejor la relación entre los ítems que el modelo original de cinco factores correlacionados.

Abstract The objectives of the study were to determine the psychometric properties of the Scale of Attitudes towards Statistics in Mexico. In this instrumental study, a non-probabilistic sample of 383 Mexican psychology students who responded to two attitude scales was analyzed. The bifactor model with three specific factors (safety, pleasure-usefulness, and motivation) showed the best properties of fit and convergent validity. The average attitude was neutral and more positive in men than in women. The general factor had a high correlation with attitude towards research. It is concluded that the three-factor bifactor model represents the relationship between the items better than the original five-factor model.

Résumé Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer les propriétés psychométriques de l’échelle d’attitudes envers les statistiques au Mexique. Dans cette étude instrumentale, un échantillon non probabiliste de 383 étudiants mexicains en psychologie ayant répondu à deux échelles d’attitudes a été analysé. Le modèle bifactoriel avec trois facteurs spécifiques (sécurité, plaisir-utilité, et motivation) a montré les meilleures propriétés d’ajustement et de validité convergente. L’attitude moyenne était neutre et plus positive chez les hommes que chez les femmes. Le facteur général avait une forte corrélation avec l’attitude envers la recherche. Il est conclu que le modèle bifactoriel à trois facteurs représente mieux la relation entre les items que le modèle original à cinq facteurs.

Resumo Os objetivos do estudo eram determinar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Atitudes em Relação à Estatística no México. Neste estudo instrumental, uma amostra não probabilística de 383 estudantes mexicanos de psicologia que responderam a duas escalas atitudinais foi analisada. O modelo bifator definido por um fator geral e três fatores específicos (segurança, prazer-utilidade e motivação) apresentou as melhores propriedades de ajuste aos dados e de validade convergente em seus modelos de mensuração. A atitude média foi neutra e mais positiva nos homens. O fator geral de atitude em relação à estatística teve alta correlação com a atitude em relação à pesquisa. Conclui-se que o bifator de três fatores representa melhor a relação entre os itens do que o modelo original de cinco fatores correlacionados.

Abstract The positive attitude towards statistics promotes the study and use of this fundamental discipline to analyze data, hence the relevance of evaluating the attitudinal level and developing strategies that promote a positive attitude. The Auzmendi’s Scale of Attitude towards Statistics (EAE-25) is one of the most used instruments in Spanish language to assess this attitude; however, it has not been validated in Mexico, which is important for its use in this country and to provide evidence of validity. The objectives of the study were to test the originally proposed model, to verify its reliability, to describe its distribution, to compare the averages between both sexes, and to verify its concurrent validity. A non-probabilistic sampling was used in this instrumental study. A sample of 383 Mexican psychology students was analyzed (73.6 % women and 26.4 % men). The EAE-25 and a scale assessing attitude towards research were applied. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the Auzmendi’s five-factor model. The parameter estimation was performed by unweighted least squares, using polychoric correlation matrix. The internal consistency was estimated by the McDonald’s omega coefficient (ω), the convergent validity by the average variance extracted (AVE), and the discriminant validity by the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). The mean differences between both sexes were tested through the t-test and concurrent validity through Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The model of five correlated factors (confidence, anxiety, pleasure, usefulness, and motivation) showed good fit (χ./df =1.79, GFI = .98, AGFI = .97, NFI = .97, CFI =.99, RMSEA = .04, and SRMR = .07). The five factors showed reliability (ω > .80 in confidence, anxiety, pleasure, and usefulness, and ω = .72 in motivation) and discriminant validity (HTMT < .85 in nine out of ten factor pairs, and < .90 in the pair of the anxiety and confidence factors). The values of AVE were higher than .50 in the factors of confidence, anxiety and pleasure, which shows convergent validity in these three factors. A value of AVE very close to .50 in utility (AVE = .49) was compensated by an omega coefficient of .82, which suggests an acceptable convergent validity. However, the value of AVE was lower than .50 in motivation (AVE = .34). The EAE-25 and its factors presented normal distribution, with the exception of the motivation factor. The scores in the scale and its factors were obtained through the quotient between the sum of the items scored in the sense of acceptance attitude and the number of items added. These scores were interpreted in an absolute sense, by dividing the continuum from 1 to 5 into five intervals in correspondence with the five ordered categories of response to the items: [1, 1.8) y [1.8, 2.6) rejection, [2.6, 3.4) neutral, and [3.4, 4.2) y [4.2, 5] acceptance. The average attitude was positive in confidence (. = 3.53) and utility (. = 3.52), and neutral in the EAE-25 total score and its other three factors. The EAE-25 total scores were polarized towards acceptance in approximately four out of ten students and towards the rejected in approximately one out of ten; in the rest, they were neutral. There were no differences of means between both sexes. The EAE-25 total score had a high correlation with the total score in the scale of attitude towards research (. = .52, . < .001) and low with the qualification in the research subject of the previous semester (. = .13, . < .001). It is concluded that EAE-25 presents internal consistency and construct validity. It is suggested to use this scale in applied research in the field of university education and upper secondary education.

Resumen La actitud positiva hacia la estadística promueve el estudio y uso de esta disciplina fundamental para analizar datos; de ahí la relevancia de evaluar el nivel actitudinal y desarrollar estrategias que lo potencien. La Escala de Actitud hacia la Estadística (EAE-25) de Auzmendi es uno de los instrumentos más usados en español para medir esta actitud, pero no se ha validado en México, lo que es importante para su uso en este país y para aportar evidencias de validez. Los objetivos del estudio fueron contrastar el modelo propuesto originariamente, comprobar su consistencia interna, describir su distribución, comparar los promedios entre sexos y verificar su validez concurrente. Este estudio instrumental usó un muestreo no probabilístico. Se analizó una muestra de 383 estudiantes de psicología mexicanos (73.6 % mujeres y 26.4 % hombres) que respondieron a dos escalas de actitud. El modelo de cinco factores (confianza, ansiedad, agrado, utilidad y motivación) mostró buen ajuste a los datos. Sus factores presentaron confiabilidad y validez discriminante. La distribución de las puntuaciones en EAE-25 fue normal. La actitud se polarizó, aproximadamente, en cuatro de cada diez estudiantes hacia la aceptación y en uno de cada diez hacia el rechazo. No hubo diferencias de medias entre sexos. La EAE-25 tuvo correlación alta con actitud hacia la investigación y baja con la calificación en la materia de investigación del semestre anterior. Se concluye que la EAE-25 presenta consistencia interna y validez de constructo.

ABSTRACT Background : The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction, measured by the Relationship Assessment Scale and the perceived impact of confinement due to COVID-19 in different areas of people’s lives, in a Mexican sample. Method : 101 people living as a couple, with an average age of 41.2 years (SD = 10.7), 54.5% women and 45.5% men were evaluated. Results : The main result was a negative and significant correlation that indicates that the greater the satisfaction in the relationship, the less impact of confinement in the areas of tranquility, happiness, health, physical condition and emotional well-being. Conclusion : The people with higher marital satisfaction will perceive less impact during the contingency by COVID-19 in the different areas of the person’s life.

RESUMEN Introducción : El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la satisfacción marital, medida por la Escala de Valoración de la Relación y el impacto percibido por el confinamiento debido al COVID-19 en diferentes ámbitos de la vida de las personas en una muestra mexicana. Método : Se evaluó a 101 personas que viven en pareja, con edad promedio de 41.2 años (DE = 10.7), 54.5% mujeres y 45.5% hombres. Resultados : El principal resultado fue la correlación negativa y significativa que indica que, a mayor satisfacción en la relación, menor impacto del confinamiento en los ámbitos de tranquilidad, felicidad, salud, condición física y bienestar emocional. Conclusión : Las personas que evalúan su relación de pareja como satisfactoria perciben menor impacto durante la contingencia por COVID-19 en los diferentes ámbitos de su vida.

A continuación se presenta una integración teórica de dos tópicos de importancia actual: la psicología positiva y la imagen corporal, en donde se detallan herramientas de psicología positiva y la importancia de la prevención basada en ella. También se puntualizan los conceptos de imagen corporal en la población que actualmente es más vulnerable ante este tema, las mujeres adolescentes y las mujeres adultas jóvenes. Esta revisión se complementa con una detallada propuesta de intervención psicológica diseñada desde el enfoque de la psicología positiva y la terapia cognitivo conductual. La propuesta consta de 11 sesiones enfocadas en mejorar la imagen corporal de mujeres en dos rangos de edad, adolescentes y adultas jóvenes con normo peso, bajo peso o sobre peso, sin caer en obesidad o trastornos de conducta alimentaria. Esta propuesta se creó bajo dos perspectivas teóricas que están orientadas hacia el cambio de percepciones y conductas que favorezcan a la autoaceptación del cuerpo, con el fin de evitar la distorsión de la imagen corporal. Asimismo, se proporcionan los detalles necesarios para que la intervención se aplique en futuras investigaciones que ofrezcan evidencia de su efectividad o sugerencias de mejoras.

The following is a theoretical integration of two important topics: positive psychology and body image, in which tools of positive psychology and the importance of prevention based on it are detailed. Also, the concepts of body image in the population that is currently most vulnerable to this issue, adolescent women and young adult women, are highlighted. This review is complemented with a detailed proposal of psychological intervention designed from the approach of positive psychology and cognitive behavioral therapy. This proposal is composed of 11 sessions focused on improving the body image of women in two age ranges: adolescents and young adults who are normal weight, underweight or overweight; without falling into obesity or eating disorders. This proposal was created under two theoretical perspectives that are oriented towards the change of perceptions and behaviors that help self-acceptance of the body, with the purpose of avoiding body image distortion. Likewise, the necessary details are provided for the intervention to be applied in further investigations that offer evidence of its effectiveness and/or suggestions for improvements.

A seguinte é uma integração teórica de dois temas importantes: a psicologia positiva e a imagem corporal. No estudo são detalhadas as ferramentas da psicologia positiva e a importância da prevenção baseada em elas. Também, são ressaltados os conceitos da imagem corporal na população que é atualmente mais vulnerável em este aspeto, mulheres adolescentes e mulheres jovens adultas. Esta revisão é complementada com uma proposta detalhada da intervenção psicológica desenhada desde a perspectiva da psicologia positiva e a terapia cognitiva comportamental. Esta proposta esta composta de 11 sessões enfocadas em melhorar a imagem corporal de mulheres em dois rangos de idade: adolescentes e jovens adultas com peso normal ou com baixo ou sobrepeso, mais sem cair na obesidade ou desordens de alimentação. Esta proposta foi criada baixo duas perspectivas teóricas que estão orientada através da mudança das percepções e comportamentos que ajudam à auto aceitação do corpo, com o propósito de evitar a distorção da imagem corporal. Do mesmo jeito, são oferecidos os detalhes necessários de intervenção para ser aplicados em futuras pesquisas que proviam evidencia de sua efetividade e/ou sugestões para melhorar.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study has been to test the ability of variables of a psychological model to predict antiretroviral therapy medication adherence behavior. METHODS We have conducted a cross-sectional study among 172 persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), who completed four self-administered assessments: 1) the Psychological Variables and Adherence Behaviors Questionnaire, 2) the Stress-Related Situation Scale to assess the variable of Personality, 3) The Zung Depression Scale, and 4) the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to construct a model to predict medication adherence behaviors. RESULTS Out of all the participants, 141 (82%) have been considered 100% adherent to antiretroviral therapy. Structural equation modeling has confirmed the direct effect that personality (decision-making and tolerance of frustration) has on motives to behave, or act accordingly, which was in turn directly related to medication adherence behaviors. In addition, these behaviors have had a direct and significant effect on viral load, as well as an indirect effect on CD4 cell count. The final model demonstrates the congruence between theory and data (x2/df. = 1.480, goodness of fit index = 0.97, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.94, comparative fit index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05), accounting for 55.7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support our theoretical model as a conceptual framework for the prediction of medication adherence behaviors in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Implications for designing, implementing, and evaluating intervention programs based on the model are to be discussed.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study has been to test the ability of variables of a psychological model to predict antiretroviral therapy medication adherence behavior. METHODS We have conducted a cross-sectional study among 172 persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), who completed four self-administered assessments: 1) the Psychological Variables and Adherence Behaviors Questionnaire, 2) the Stress-Related Situation Scale to assess the variable of Personality, 3) The Zung Depression Scale, and 4) the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to construct a model to predict medication adherence behaviors. RESULTS Out of all the participants, 141 (82%) have been considered 100% adherent to antiretroviral therapy. Structural equation modeling has confirmed the direct effect that personality (decision-making and tolerance of frustration) has on motives to behave, or act accordingly, which was in turn directly related to medication adherence behaviors. In addition, these behaviors have had a direct and significant effect on viral load, as well as an indirect effect on CD4 cell count. The final model demonstrates the congruence between theory and data (x2/df. = 1.480, goodness of fit index = 0.97, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.94, comparative fit index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05), accounting for 55.7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support our theoretical model as a conceptual framework for the prediction of medication adherence behaviors in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Implications for designing, implementing, and evaluating intervention programs based on the model are to be discussed.

El ritmo diurno del cortisol se ha visto alterado en los pacientes con cáncer. Factores como el avance de la enfermedad y los niveles de estrés se han considerado para explicar esta condición; sin embargo, los resultados no son claros. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y determinar si existen diferencias en los niveles de cortisol en mujeres con cáncer de mama en diferentes estadios, y analizar la relación entre los niveles de cortisol y el estrés, el optimismo y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Se recolectaron muestras de cortisol salival durante dos días, y se aplicaron cuestionarios psicológicos de estrés percibido (PSS), optimismo disposicional (LOT-R) y estrategias de afrontamiento (MAC) a 17 mujeres con cáncer de mama en estadio I, II y III. Los resultados muestran que las pacientes con cáncer de mama en los tres estadios presentan un ritmo diurno de cortisol normal y no difieren significativamente en los niveles de cortisol. Respecto a las variables psicológicas, solo difieren en la variable de optimismo. Las estrategias de afrontamiento espíritu de lucha y evitación cognitiva son las variables que tienen más influencia en los niveles de cortisol, y explican un 55% de la varianza. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados.

Diurnal cortisol rhythm has been altered in patients with cancer. Factors such as disease progression and stress levels are regarded as possible causes to explain this condition, however results are not clear. The aim of this study was to assess and determine whether there are differences in cortisol levels in women with breast cancer in different stages and analyze the relationship between cortisol levels and stress, optimism and coping strategies. Salivary cortisol samples were collected for two days and psychological questionnaires of perceived stress (PSS), dispositional optimism (LOT-R) and coping strategies (MAC) were administered to 17 breast cancer women in stage I, II and III of the disease. The results show that patients with breast cancer in the three stages have a normal diurnal cortisol rhythm and do not differ significantly in cortisol levels. Regarding the psychological variables, they differ only in optimism. Coping strategies such as fighting spirit and cognitive avoidance are the variables that have more influence on cortisol levels, explaining 55% of variance. The implications of these results are discussed.

O ritmo diurno do cortisol vem sendo visto alterado nos pacientes com câncer. Fatores como o avanço da doença e os níveis de estresse estão sendo considerados para explicar essa condição; contudo, os resultados não são claros. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e determinar se existem diferenças nos níveis de cortisol em mulheres com câncer de mama de diferentes estágios, bem como analisar estratégias de enfrentamento. Foram coletadas amostras de cortisol salival durante dois dias e aplicados questionários psicológicos de estresse percebido, otimismo disposicional e estratégias de enfrentamento a 17 mulheres com câncer de mama em estágio I, II e III. Os resultados mostram que as pacientes com esse câncer nos três estágios apresentam um ritmo diurno de cortisol normal e não se diferenciam significativamente na variável de otimismo. A respeito das variáveis psicológicas, só diferem na variável de otimismo. As estratégias de enfrentamento -espírito de luta e evitação cognitiva- são as variáveis que têm mais influência nos níveis de cortisol e explicam 55% da variação. Discutem-se as implicações desses resultados.

En este trabajo, se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española (Sanz, Navarro, & Vázquez, 2003) del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck ([BDI-II]; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) en muestras mexicanas no clínicas: 474 estudiantes universitarios y 478 personas de población general. La consistencia interna resultó satisfactoria en ambas muestras siendo alfa de Cronbach 0.901 para la muestra total. Los resultados coinciden con los reportados en estudios previos españoles (Sanz, Navarro & Vázquez, 2003; Sanz, Perdigón & Vazquez, 2003) acerca de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, así como otros estudios internacionales revisados. El análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra buenos índices de ajuste al modelo bifactorial de la escala. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones en función del sexo, pero no se observan efectos significativos de la edad. Se concluye que la versión española del BDI-II puede ser un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la sintomatología depresiva en la población general adulta mexicana y en estudiantes universitarios.

The purpose of this study was to test the Spanish version (Sanz, Navarro, & Vazquez, 2003) of the Beck Depression Inventory-II ([BDI-II]; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) in the Mexican general population and undergraduate university students on non clinical samples. The reliability and construct validity obtained in a sample of 474 university students and 478 people from the general population, confirmed good psychometric properties: Cronbach alpha of 0.901 and Confirmatory factor analysis, showed good adjustment indices to two-factor model scale. These results agree with those reported in previous studies both international and Spanish studies on the psychometric properties of the instrument (Sanz, Navarro, & Vázquez, 2003; Sanz, Perdigón & Vázquez, 2003). Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the Mexican population data, the two-factor model reported in the Spanish population. Finally, the distributions of scores were similar to those found in Spanish studies. There were significant differences in scores by gender, but there are no significant effects of age. It is concluded that the Spanish version of the BDI-II may be a valid and reliable instrument to assess depressive symptoms in college students and the general population of Mexican adults.

El NEO PI-R es una escala base para examinar la personalidad y el Brief COPE es un instrumento, poco difundido en Brasil, para examinar el afron-tamiento. Por ello, el presente estudio transversal con muestra brasileña tiene como objetivos evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Brief COPE, examinar su relación con el NEO PI-R, así como también evaluar las diferencias de género en el NEO PI-R y el Brief Cope. Participaron 899 adultos. El análisis factorial no confirmó la estructura original del Brief COPE. El análisis factorial exploratorio evidenció una solución de ocho factores, que fue corroborada por el análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se encontraron correlaciones entre las cinco dimensiones de la personalidad y los factores del afrontamiento, así como también diferencias significativas de género.

The NEO PI-R is a major scale to examine the personality, and the Brief COPE is a little known instrument in Brazil to examine the coping. As this cross-sectional study with Brazilian sample aims to: evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief COPE; examine its relationship with the NEO PI-R, and evaluate gender differences in the NEO PI-R and Brief Cope. The participants were 899 adults. The factor analysis did not confirm the original structure of the Brief COPE. The exploratory factorial analysis showed an eight factor solution, which was confirmed by the confirmatory factorial analysis. Correlation was found between the five dimensions of personality and coping factors, as well significant differences between genders.

Hobbies, seen as activities that promote the development of abilities, skills, and social networks, outside of school or work, present physical, intellectual and economic options, able to support the personal development and stress management in all types of populations. Therefore, this study analyzes the psychometric properties of four subscales of the questionnaire Leisure Coping Belief Scale (LCBS) in 132 adults of Mexican population. The factorial analysis supports its dimensionality and factorial structure in four factors, such as in the original model. The internal consistency of the inventory reflects adequate reliability. It is evident that the LCBS-M is a valid and reliable measure to continue the studies on beliefs about the use of the hobbies as coping strategies in Mexican adults.

Los pasatiempos, vistos como actividades que fomentan el desarrollo de habilidades, aptitudes y redes sociales, fuera de la escuela o el trabajo, presentan opciones físicas, intelectuales y económicas, capaces de apoyar el desarrollo personal y el manejo del estrés en todo tipo de poblaciones. Por ello, este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas de cuatro subescalas del cuestionario Leisure Coping Belief Scale (LCBS) en 132 adultos de población mexicana. El análisis factorial apoya su dimensionalidad y estructura factorial en cuatro factores, como en el modelo original. La consistencia interna del inventario refleja una adecuada confiabilidad. Se evidencia que la LCBS-M es una medida válida y fiable para continuar realizando estudios sobre las creencias en torno al uso de los pasatiempos como estrategias de afrontamiento en adultos mexicanos.

El presente artículo es un estudio correlacional con diseño ex post facto, cuyo propósito es examinar la relación entre los puntajes obtenidos por docentes universitarios en la evaluación de su desempeño con el grado de estrés percibido y con la presencia de indicadores del síndrome de Burnout. Para ello se plantearon los siguientes objetivos: 1) analizar la relación que existe entre los niveles de estrés percibido y el desempeño docente; 2) analizar la relación que existe entre el Burnout y el desempeño docente; y 3) analizar la relación que existe entre los niveles de estrés percibido y Burnout. En la recolección de datos se aplicaron la Escala de Estrés Percibido de Cohen y el Cuestionario de Burnout del Profesorado a una muestra convencional de 59 catedráticos de una facultad de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México). Se examinaron los resultados de la evaluación del desempeño docente administrada a los alumnos en dos períodos inmediatos anteriores. La mayoría de las correlaciones entre el desempeño docente con estrés y Burnout resultaron débiles y no significativas; solamente resultó significativa la correlación entre falta de realización y cambio en el desempeño docente, que fue una correlación negativa (r=-.446; p=.003). La correlación entre los dos aspectos de desorganización institucional, supervisión y condiciones organizacionales, con cambio en desempeño docente, indicaron que, a medida que se percibe más desorganización institucional, el desempeño docente empeora (r=-.361, p=.019 y r=.308, p=.047; respectivamente). En síntesis, los resultados indican que la falta de realización y la desorganización pueden estar relacionadas con el decremento del desempeño docente.

The present article is a correlational study with an ex post facto design. Its purpose was to examine the relationship between scores obtained by university teachers at an evaluation of their perceived stress degree and the presence of Burnout syndrome indices. To accomplish that, the next objectives were established: 1) Analyze the relation between levels of perceived stress and teaching performance; 2) Analyze the relation between Burnout and teaching performance; 3) Analyze the relation between levels of perceived stress and Burnout. To collect the data the Cohen´s Perceived Stress Scale and the Questionnaire of Burnout in Teachers were applied in a sample of 59 professors in a faculty of the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (México). The results on teaching performance, on the other hand, were obtained through the evaluation of the professor´s students in the two immediate previous periods. Most correlations between teacher performance with stress and Burnout were weak and not significant. The only significant correlation was between lack of realization and change in teacher performance, with a negative correlation (r=- .446, p=.003). Correlation between the two aspects of institutional disorder, supervision and organizational conditions, with change in teacher performance, indicated that the more institutional disorganization is perceived, the worse teacher performance gets (r=-.361, p=.019 and r=.308, p=.047, respectively). The results indicate that lack of accomplishment and disorganization may be related to the decrease of teacher performance.

In this paper, we compare the surveys that we applied to the Mexico population in relation to problem behaviors in adolescents (alcohol, snuff or tobacco, drugs, unprotected sex, accidents and eating habits), as compared to the Problem Behaviors Questionnaire which measures the presence or absence of problem behaviors and the occurrence of these behaviors in the environments in which it operates teenager (family, friends, neighborhood and school). We used a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and evaluated the problem behaviors of 551 adolescents in first semester (M = 14.8 years, SD = 2.35) high school level of a public institution of the City of Monterrey, NL Mexico. The results show that it is necessary to analyze the phenomena from a larger descriptive survey involving the environments in which they carried out the phenomenon measured in order to understand the needs of each population as well as perform psychoeducational programs aimed at the needs identified.

En este trabajo se comparan las encuestas de población objetivo de información aplicadas en México en relación a las conductas problema de los adolescentes (alcohol, tabaco, drogas, sexo desprotegido, accidentes y hábitos alimenticios), comparándolas con el Cuestionario de Conductas Problema mismo que mide la presencia o ausencia de las conductas problema, así como la aparición de dichas conductas en los ambientes en los que se desenvuelve el adolescente (familia, amigos, vecindario y escuela). Se utilizó un diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y se evalúan las conductas problema de 551 adolescentes de primer semestre (M= 14.8 años, DT= 2.35) de nivel medio superior de una institución pública de la Ciudad de Monterrey, N.L. México. Los resultados muestran que es necesario analizar los fenómenos desde una encuesta descriptiva más amplia que involucre los ambientes en los que se lleva a cabo el fenómeno medido con el fin de entender las necesidades de cada población, así como realizar programas psicoeducativos dirigidos a las necesidades detectadas.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the social support from parents and friends scale (AFA-R). Using a non random sample of students, internal consistency was analyzed and the factor structure of the AFA-R. Internal consistency was adequate (α=.918) and factor analysis corroborated the bi-factor structure, explaining 66.09% of its variance. The correlation between stress and social support was negative and significant (r s =-.337, p=.001) and it is evidence of validity. The results showed adequate psychometric properties of the AFA-R.

El presente trabajo describe el análisis preliminar de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala reducida de apoyo social percibido, familiar y de amigos, que denominaremos AFA-R. El muestreo es no probabilístico, ya que se aplicó a estudiantes en sus salones de clase de dos instituciones públicas (n= 456). Para el análisis de consistencia interna se utilizó el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach obteniéndose un alfa de .918, se valoró la estructura factorial del AFA-R confirmando una estructura bifactorial que explica el 66.09% de la varianza; y como validez de criterio se evaluó la relación entre apoyo social y estrés, la correlación entre estrés y apoyo social fue negativa y significativa (r s =-.337, p=.001). Los resultados muestran adecuadas propiedades psicométricas del AFA-R.