ABSTRACT Podzols are highly sandy soils, in which elements, such as potassium, needed by crops, are easily leached. Studies have indicated that biochar can contribute to increasing cation exchange capacity of the soil, which can improve the retention of bases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the poultry litter biochar combined or not with increasing doses of KCl, on leaching and soil base content, on the production of green manure biomass, and on the distribution of K in the soil-water-plant system. A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with 6 repetitions: without and with biochar (1% v / v, produced from poultry litter) × without K, with 53.65 and 107.30 mg dm-3 of K (as KCl). The experiment was carried out in four steps: Step 1) Soil incubation with the treatments (for 20 days) followed by chemical analysis of the soil; Step 2) First leaching: the containers (made with PVC with 0.30 m high) received the newly incubated soil in the surface layer and soil without treatment in the subsurface layer. The containers received water until saturation plus 50 % of the total pore volume and the leached water was collected and analyzed; Step 3) Cultivation of green manure (Mucuna aterrima) in the containers of Step 2 and harvest within 40 days (evaluation of biomass and K content); Step 4) after the mucuna harvest, the containers were subjected to second leaching. The leaching solution and the soil from the surface and subsurface layers were collected for chemical analysis. Biochar increased the pH, cationic exchange capacity, P, K, Ca, and Mg levels in the newly incubated soil, in the surface and subsurface layer. The increasing doses of KCl proportionally increased biomass production and K accumulation in green manure, and the biochar increased this response and reduces the need for potassium fertilization by 50 %. With biochar, the accumulation of total K in the soil-plant-water system increases by 125 % and, in the soil-plant system, by 145 %. Biochar changes the K ratio in the soil-plant-water system. With biochar, proportionally, the highest accumulated percentage of K occurred mainly in the soil surface and subsurface layer, and did not result in higher percentages of K in the leached water. Biochar produced from poultry litter can be used as a good alternative to improve the chemical properties of Podzols and reduce nutrient losses.

ABSTRACT Agroforestry systems have the potential to increase soil organic matter, with effects on soil carbon and nitrogen contents, but information on the application of these systems in semi-arid regions is still scarce. This study aimed to analyze soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in the conversion of native forest from the Caatinga Biome into integrated agriculture systems in the Brazilian semi-arid region. We evaluated the following management systems in the Haplic Inceptisol (Cambissolo Háplico eutrófico): (1) Intercropping area, cultivated with corn and Massai grass; (2) Caatinga (natural vegetation); (3) AFS10: agroforestry system with native woody forest rows occupying 33 % and agriculture occupying 66 % of the total area; and (4) AFS20: agroforestry system presenting inverse proportions of AFS10. The agroforestry systems were intercropped with sorghum or millet, pigeon pea and Massai grass. We collected disturbed and undisturbed soil samples at the layers of 0.00-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.40, 0.40-0.60 and 0.60-1.00 m for analysis of carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), soil bulk density, and calculation of SOC and N stocks and C/N ratio, two years after the conversion of natural vegetation to the agricultural area (intercropping) and agroforestry system (AFS10 and AFS20). We applied principal component and cluster analysis to explore the data, and confidence interval to compare the means of accumulated SOC and N stocks up to 1 m soil depth. No differences exist for the properties analysed in superficial layers (0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m), regardless of land-use systems. AFS20 increase the SOC content and, consequently, SOC stock, in subsurface layers; on the other hand, intercropping increases N content and N stock. AFS20 presented higher accumulated SOC stocks up to 1.00 m (114.97 Mg ha-1). Agroforestry systems management is an alternative for increasing carbon sequestration under the conversion from Caatinga to agricultural areas.

BACKGROUND A positive Trypanosoma cruzi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with chronic Chagas disease (CD). OBJECTIVES To study the association of clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics and biomarker blood levels with positive T. cruzi PCR in chronic CD. METHODS This is a single-centre observational cross-sectional study. Positive T. cruzi PCR association with clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics, and biomarker blood levels were studied by logistic regression analysis. p values < 0.05 were considered significant. FINDINGS Among 333 patients with chronic CD (56.4% men; 62 ± 10 years), T. cruzi PCR was positive in 41.1%. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression showed an independent association between positive T. cruzi PCR and diabetes mellitus {odds ratio (OR) 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.93]; p = 0.03}, right bundle branch block [OR 1.78 (95% CI 1.09-2.89); p = 0.02], and history of trypanocidal treatment [OR 0.13 (95% CI 0.04-0.38); p = 0.0002]. Among patients with a history of trypanocidal treatment (n = 39), only four (10%) patients had a positive T. cruzi PCR. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Among several studied parameters, only diabetes mellitus, right bundle branch block, and history of trypanocidal treatment showed an independent association with positive T. cruzi PCR. History of trypanocidal treatment was a strong protective factor against a positive T. cruzi PCR.

ABSTRACT Besides rubber production, one of the main goals of the genetic improvement of rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] is to develop vigorous clones. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the vigor of 34 elite juvenile rubber clones. To this end, three experiments were conducted in the municipality of Pontes Gestal, in the northwest region of the São Paulo State. Each experiment consisted of 10 treatments, and 2 controls in common to the 3 experiments. The experiments were arranged in the randomized block design, with three replications and ten plants per plot, in the 8 m x 2.5 m spacing. Individual and joint analyses of variance were performed. The means were compared using the Dunnett test at 5%. Significant effect of treatments was found in the three experiments and in the joint analysis. The most vigorous clones were not different from the controls in the comparison of means by the individual and joint analyses. The less vigorous clones were statistically different from the others and from the controls, reflecting this difference in the genetic variability observed. The breeding program must consider the lack of difference between the most vigorous clones and the controls when recombining superior clones, since genetic gain depends on variability.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho de juntas coladas de madeiras da espécie Pinus elliottii com a utilização de dois adesivos comerciais à base de poliacetato de vinila (PVAc), com diferentes características físicas e composição química, ambos testados nas formas diluída em água e não diluída. As superfícies dos corpos de prova de madeira foram usinadas em processo de fresamento discordante. Uma plaina desengrossadeira de madeira com cabeçote de quatro facas afiadas de aço carbono semi-rápido à base de Cr-Ni-V foi utilizada. Essa máquina foi preparada para atuar com velocidade de corte (Vc) de 30,18 m.s-1 e velocidade de avanço da madeira (Vf) de 11,75 m.min-1, resultando num avanço por dente (fz) de 0,56 mm. Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados para ensaios de resistência a ruptura na linha de cola por esforços solicitantes ao cisalhamento de acordo com a ABNT NBR 7190:1997. Para a confecção dos corpos de prova, as peças foram coladas de maneira aleatória em relação aos planos de formação dos anéis de crescimento da madeira. Os seguintes valores médios de resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola (fv0), na forma diluída e não diluída foram, respectivamente, PVAc-M: 6,52 e 6,49 MPa; PVAc-H: 5,86 e 5,15 MPa. Em relação à resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola, concluiu-se que ambos adesivos na forma diluída com 33,33 % de água resultaram em maior adesão em relação à formulação original, sendo que o adesivo diluído do tipo M proporcionou um aumento de 21,01% na resistência à ruptura em relação ao adesivo não diluido do tipo “H”.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the performance of bonded joints of the Pinus elliottii wood species with the use of two commercial adhesives based on vinyl polyacetate (PVAc) with different physical characteristics and chemical composition, both tested on water diluted and undiluted modes. The surfaces of wood specimens were machined in discordant milling process. A wood thickness planer with headstock of four semi-fast carbon steel sharpened knives based on Cr-Ni-V was used. This machine was prepared to operate with cutting speed (Vc) of 30.18 ms-1 and feed rate of wood (Vf) of 11.75 m.min-1, resulting in an feed rate per tooth (fz) of 0.56 mm. The specimens were prepared for tests of resistance to rupture in the glue line by the shear stress efforts according to the ABNT NBR 7190:1997 standard. In order to specimen preparation, the parts were randomly glued in relation to the formation plans of the wood growth rings. The following average values of shear strength in the glue line (fv0) obtained in diluted and undiluted forms were, respectively, PVAc -M: 6.52 and 6.49 MPa; PVAc -H: 5.86 and 5.15 MPa. In relation to the shear stress at the glue line, it was concluded that both adhesives in diluted form with 33.33% of water resulted in higher adhesion strength in comparison to the original formulation, whereas the diluted adhesive type M provided an increasing of 21.01% regarding the undiluted adhesive of type H.

Renal abscess is a rare disease in newborn, but severe consequences can occur: sepsis with high mortality, renal scar formation and risk of chronic renal failure. A neonate with unilateral renal abscess due to Staphylococcus aureus is reported, with septicemia, with no other suppurative focus, nor with urinary malformation, with good clinical evolution with intravenous antibiotics and without surgical treatment, but with renal scars sequel. From this case, the strategies of diagnosis, treatment and followup of the renal abscess in a neonate are analyzed, emphasizing the early diagnosis to avoid renal scars.

El absceso renal representa una patología infrecuente en el recién nacido. Puede presentar consecuencias graves: sepsis con alta mortalidad, cicatrices renales y riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica. Se reporta sobre un recién nacido con absceso renal unilateral a Staphylococcus aureus, con cuadro de septicemia, sin otro foco supurativo ni malformación urinaria, que evolucionó adecuadamente con antibióticos endovenosos, sin tratamiento quirúrgico, aunque con cicatrices renales como secuela. A partir de este caso, se analizan las estrategias de diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento del absceso renal en un neonato y se destaca el diagnóstico precoz para evitar cicatrices renales.

Abstract Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal disease occurring in Latin America that is associated with rural environments and agricultural activities. However, the incidence and prevalence of paracoccidiodomycosis is underestimated because of the lack of compulsory notification. If paracoccidiodomycosis is not diagnosed and treated early and adequately, the endemic fungal infection could result in serious sequelae. While the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ( P. brasiliensis ) complex has been known to be the causal agent of paracoccidiodomycosis, a new species, Paracoccidioides lutzii ( P. lutzii ), has been reported in Rondônia, where the disease has reached epidemic levels, and in the Central West and Pará. Accurate diagnoses and availability of antigens that are reactive with the patients’ sera remain significant challenges. Therefore, the present guidelines aims to update the first Brazilian consensus on paracoccidioidomycosis by providing evidence-based recommendations for bedside patient management. This consensus summarizes etiological, ecoepidemiological, molecular epidemiological, and immunopathological data, with emphasis on clinical, microbiological, and serological diagnosis and management of clinical forms and sequelae, as well as in patients with comorbidities and immunosuppression. The consensus also includes discussion of outpatient treatments, severe disease forms, disease prevalence among special populations and resource-poor settings, a brief review of prevention and control measures, current challenges and recommendations.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição espacial da leprose dos citros em dois pomares na região citrícola do Nordeste Paraense/Amazônia Oriental. Realizaram-se avaliações com intervalo mensal no período de dezembro de 2011 a novembro de 2012, verificando-se plantas com sintomas característicos da leprose dos citros, anotando-se 1 para presença e 0 para ausência. Foi aplicada a geoestatística para a análise espacial da doença, modelagem dos semivariogramas e confecção dos mapas de krigagem. O modelo que melhor se ajustou à distribuição espacial da doença foi o esférico, pois apresentou maior valor do coeficiente de determinação, com variação no alcance de 18 a 29 m na área A, e de 9 a 30 m na área B. O Índice de Dependência Espacial (IDE) apresentou-se moderado para todas as avaliações da área A, ficando no intervalo de 0,25 a 0,75, e na área B com exceção dos meses de dezembro de 2011, junho e setembro de 2012, que apresentaram o IDE moderado, todos apresentaram o IDE fraco com valores abaixo de 0,25. A geoestatística mostrou-se uma ferramenta propícia para a avaliação da distribuição espacial do Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV).

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of citrus leprosis in two orchards in the Eastern state of Pará/ Eastern Amazon citrus region. Two evaluations were performed at monthly intervals between December, 2011 and November, 2012 checking plants with characteristic symptoms of citrus leprosis by recording 1 for presence and 0 for absence. To analyze the disease spatial distribution in the plots, geostatistics was used for semivariogram modeling, and elaboration of kriging maps. The model that better adjusted to the disease spatial distribution was the spherical, the one with the highest coefficient of determination with variations ranging from 18 to 19 meters in area A and 9 to 30 m in area B. The Spatial Dependence Index (SDI) was moderate for all area A evaluations with interval ranging from 0.25 to 0.75, while in area B, except for the months of December 2011, June and September 2012 with a moderate SDI, all the others showed a weak SDI with values below 0.25. Geostatistical analysis has shown itself to be an ideal tool to evaluate Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) spatial distribution.

RESUMOA compactação do solo é o um dos fatores limitante em áreas submetidas ao sistema plantio direto. O manejo utilizado para romper a camada compactada deve mobilizar o mínimo possível o solo, além de manter a cobertura sobre o solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da subsolagem, da escarificação e da utilização de mecanismos sulcadores tipo haste na operação de semeadura sobre a manutenção da cobertura do solo, o conteúdo de água e a densidade do solo, assim como os efeitos sobre a produtividade do milho em um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico há dez anos cultivado no sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualisados, contendo oito tratamentos de manejo do solo: subsolagem a 0,40 m antes da cultura de inverno, subsolagem a 0,40 m antes do milho, escarificação a 0,30 m antes da cultura de inverno, escarificação a 0,30 m antes do milho, escarificação a 0,20 m antes da cultura de inverno, escarificação a 0,20 m antes do milho, plantio direto de milho com mecanismo sulcador tipo haste e plantio direto de milho com mecanismo sulcador tipo disco duplo; e quatro repetições. A subsolagem e a escarificação influenciaram a manutenção de cobertura, a densidade e o conteúdo de água no solo logo após a semeadura, porém não interferiram no desenvolvimento das plantas e na produtividade de grãos, na cultura do milho. A utilização de mecanismos sulcadores tipo haste na operação de semeadura não apresentou efeito sobre nenhum dos parâmetros estudados.

ABSTRACTSoil compaction is one of the limiting factors in areas subjected to direct seeding. The method used to break up the compacted layer should disturb the soil as little as possible, as well as maintain the ground cover. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of subsoiling, scarification and use of shaft-type furrowing mechanisms when sowing, on preserving the ground cover, water content and soil density, as well as the effects on maize yield in a dystroferic Red Nitosol, cultivated under a system of direct seeding for ten years. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with eight soil management treatments: subsoiling to a depth of 0.40 m before sowing the winter crop, subsoiling to 0.40 m before sowing the maize, scarification to 0.30 m before the winter crop, scarification to 0.30 m before the maize, scarification to 0.20 m before the winter crop, scarification to 0.20 m before the maize, direct seeding of the maize with a shaft-type furrowing mechanism and direct seeding of the maize using a double disc furrower. There were four replications. Subsoiling and scarification influenced the preservation of the ground cover, soil density and water content immediately after sowing, but did not interfere in plant development or grain yield in the maize crop. The use of shaft-type furrowing mechanisms in the sowing operation had no effect on any of the parameters under study.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la distribución temporo-espacial de la infestación de mosca negra de los cítricos (Aleurocanthus woglumi) en huertos de cítricos en sistemas agroforestales y monocultivos para ayudar en la optimización del muestreo. El área experimental se encuentra en el municipio de Capitán Poço, Pará, Brasil, donde fueron tomadas 12 muestras entre septiembre del 2008 a octubre del 2009. Se evalúo la presencia o ausencia la plaga en los naranjos en ambos sistemas de producción. La distribución espacial de la mosca negra se produce predominantemente en grupos con dependencia espacial descrita por el modelo esférico, formando focos de 8,5 a 34 m (alcance del modelo) para ambos sistemas, con una fuerte tendencia de infestar la planta vecina, formando agregados o focos de estos, cuyo crecimiento se encuentra principalmente en la línea del cultivo. Sobre la base del alcance del semivariograma, el promedio de las evaluaciones sugeridas a lo largo del año para el sistema agroforestal fue de 17 evaluaciones/ ha y los monocultivos fue de siete evaluaciones/ ha. En la temporada seca del sistema de monocultivo (agosto, septiembre, octubre y noviembre) y lluviosa (enero, febrero, marzo, abril y mayo) en esta región, no hay diferencia en el número de evaluaciones, manteniéndose 7 evaluaciones/ha. Sin embargo, en un sistema agroforestal en la temporada de lluvias, se sugieren 12 evaluaciones/ ha, mientras que 23 en la estación seca.

This work aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi) infestation in citrus farms in agroforestry and monoculture systems using geostatistics methodology to help the sampling optimization. The experimental area is located in Capitão Poço, Pará State, Brazil, where twelve samplings were taken from September 2008 to October 2009, evaluating the presence or absence of the pest in orange trees in both production systems. The citrus blackfly spatial distribution showed a grouping pattern, clustered in a spatial dependence described as spherical model, forming spots from 8.5 to 34 meters (model's reach) to both planting systems adopted. The citrus blackfly showed a strong tendency to infest the neighbor plant, forming spots that grow through the planting line. Based on the semivariogram reach parameter, the average number of suggested evaluations along the year for the agroforestry system would be 17 evaluations ha-1 and for the monoculture system seven evaluations ha-1. In the monoculture system, during the dry (from August to November) and the wet (from January to May) seasons the number of evaluations should not vary and seven evaluations ha-1 are recommend. However, in the agroforestry system it is suggested 12 evaluations ha-1 during the wet season and 23 evaluations ha-1 during the dry season.

Cet article analyse le processus de l'éducation physique dans le traitement des maladies mentales en identifiant les apports de cette pratique professionnelle aux thérapies de la santé mentale. Nous discutons le rôle de l'éducation physique comme activité thérapeutique auxiliaire qui permet de réduire les symptômes de ces maladies à travers l'application d'activités physiques, identifié dans plusieurs études. Nous concluons que l'intégration de l'Éducation Physique comme support à la Psychiatrie représente un effort interdisciplinaire dans le traitement des patients souffrant de troubles mentaux.

This article analyzes the use of physical education in treating mental illness by describing the contributions of this area to mental health therapies. Based on several studies, the authors discuss the benefits of physical education as a therapeutic aid in reducing the symptoms of psychic disorders. The conclusion is that physical education and science can be useful to psychiatry as part of interdisciplinary efforts in the treatment of patients with mental distress.

Dieser Artikel untersucht den Sportunterricht im Behandlungsprozess von Geistesstörungen, wobei die positive Einwirkung dieser Berufspraxis auf die therapeutischen Behandlungen von Geisteskranken erforscht wird. Hier wird die Rolle sportlicher Aktivitäten als therapeutische Hilfsmittel diskutiert, die dazu beitragen, die Symptome dieser Krankheiten zu lindern, wie es in verschiedenen Studien festgestellt wurde. Daraus wird geschlossen, dass die Integration von Sportunterricht als ergänzende Wissenschaft in die Psychiatrie sich als wirksames interdisziplinäres Medium zur Behandlung von geistesgestörten Patienten erwiesen hat.

Este artigo analisa a Educação Física no processo de tratamento de doenças mentais, identificando as contribuições dessa prática profissional às terapias em saúde mental. Discute-se nesse estudo o papel da Educação Física enquanto atividade terapeutica auxiliar na diminuição da sintomatologia dessas doenças em função da aplicação de atividades físicas identificada em diversos estudos. Concluiu-se que a integração da Educação Física como ciência auxiliar à Psiquiatria tem se constituído um esforço interdisciplinar nos tratamentos de pacientes em sofrimento mental.

En este artículo se analiza el proceso de la educación física en el tratamiento de las enfermedades mentales, identificando los aportes de esta práctica profesional en las terapias de salud mental. Se examina en este estudio el papel de la actividad de educación física como ayuda terapéutica en la reducción de los síntomas de estas enfermedades debido a la aplicación de las actividades físicas identificadas en varios estudios. Se concluyó que la integración de la educación física como ciencia auxiliar a la psiquiatría ha constituido un esfuerzo interdisciplinario en el tratamiento de pacientes con dificultades mentales.

Cultivares de batata-doce, plantadas atualmente, foram selecionadas primariamente para o consumo humano, sem levar em consideração o enorme potencial dessa cultura na produção de etanol e alimentação animal. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar parâmetros populacionais e as correlações genotípicas, fenotípicas e de ambiente entre caracteres de interesse para as principais utilizações da batata-doce. Foram avaliados em blocos casualizados com duas repetições 39 genótipos de batata-doce pertencentes à coleção de germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Lavras. Os coeficientes de variação genética (CVg) e ambiental (CVe), herdabilidades no sentido amplo (h a²) e a razão b= CVg/CVe indicam uma situação favorável para a seleção da maioria das características analisadas, sendo os valores no geral superiores a 9,52%, 1,44 e 79,31% para CVg, CVg/CVe e h a², respectivamente. Em todos os pares de caracteres estudados os coeficientes de correlação genotípica e fenotípica, além de ser de mesmo sinal, foram semelhantes na magnitude e no nível de significância. Nas estimativas que apresentaram correlações significativas, as correlações genotípicas foram ligeiramente superiores às fenotípicas, e ambas foram superiores às correlações de ambiente, como em produção total de raízes frescas x porcentagem de massa seca das raízes; porcentagem de massa seca na parte aérea x produção total de raízes frescas; nota para formato médio de raízes x nota para formato geral de raízes. Não se verificou correlação genética ou fenotípica entre porcentagem de massa seca das raízes e densidade de raízes. A seleção e recomendação de genótipos de batata-doce baseada no conjunto dessas características estudadas (dependendo do segmento de mercado a ser explorado) possibilitará a plena utilização deste valioso recurso genético vegetal, e a sua adoção mais intensa na agricultura nacional.

Sweetpotato cultivars currently grown were selected essentially for their use in human consumption, with little regard for their other potential uses such as ethanol production or animal feed. The objective of this work was to estimate population parameters and genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations associated with these traits. Thirty-nine sweetpotato genotypes from the germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal de Lavras were assayed in a randomized complete block design trial with 2 replications. The estimated genetic (CVg) and environmental (CVe) coefficients of variation, the broad sense heritabilities (h a²) and the b= CVg/CVe ratio favor selection of the majority of the traits analysed, with estimates generally higher than 9.52%, 1.44 and 79.31% for CVg, CVg/CVe and h a², respectively. For all pairs of traits studied, the genotypic and phenotypic correlations had the same sign, and were similar in both magnitude and level of significance. In the cases where correlations were significant, the estimates of the genotypic correlations were slightly higher than those of the phenotypic correlations, and both were higher than environmental correlations as was observed between total fresh root yield x percentage of dry matter in roots, percentage of dry matter in the leaves+vines x total fresh root yield, mean root shape ratings x general root shape ratings. No genetic or phenotypic correlation was observed beetween percentage of root dry matter and measured root density. The selection and recommendation of sweet potato genotypes based on a set of these studied characteristics (depending on the segment of market to be explored), will make possible the complete use of this precious vegetable genetic resource, and its more intense adoption in national agriculture.

Os agricultores tradicionais têm um papel fundamental na conservação dos recursos genéticos vegetais e a coleta de germoplasma mantido por esses produtores é muito importante para evitar a perda da variabilidade genética. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram coletar germoplasma de batata-doce em propriedades rurais situadas no norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro; levantar informações quanto ao perfil dos produtores rurais visitados durante as coletas, e caracterizar morfologicamente as variedades locais de batata-doce coletadas. Em seis viagens de coleta foram visitadas 53 propriedades rurais, e coletados 46 acessos. Em todas as visitas foi possível entrevistar o produtor por meio de questionário contendo dez itens. Para a caracterização, foram usados seis caracteres de raiz e oito da parte aérea. A análise dos dados foi efetuada com o uso da distância de Cole-Rodgers e o agrupamento foi gerado com o método UPGMA. Foi constatado predomínio da agricultura familiar, voltada para subsistência, sendo que 72% dos agricultores cultivavam a batata-doce há mais de uma década, o que evidencia a tradição de cultivo desta hortaliça em pequenas áreas na região. A caracterização morfológica foi eficiente para detectar a variabilidade genética entre os acessos, demonstrando que os agricultores tradicionais dos municípios de Campos dos Goytacazes e São João da Barra detêm genótipos de batata-doce com expressiva diversidade genética em suas propriedades. Não foi detectada correlação entre a distância genética e os locais de coleta.

The traditional farmers play an important role in plant genetic resources conservation. Collecting the germplasm maintained by these farmers is a very important action to avoid genetic variability losses. The goals of this work were to collect sweet potato from farms in the north of Rio de Janeiro state; to gather information regarding to the farmers profile, and to characterize the sweet potato landraces collected using morphological descriptors. Fifty three farms were visited in six collection expedition and 46 accessions were collected. During the visits the farmers were interviewed using a query with ten items. Six root traits and eight descriptors for vegetative parts were used for morphological characterization. The data were analyzed based on Cole-Rodgers distance and clustering was done with UPGMA method. Familiar agriculture with subsistence objective was observed and sweet potato was cultivated by 72% of the farmers at least for more than a decade, supporting the observation that this vegetable is traditionally cultivated in small areas in the specific region. The morphological characterization was efficient to detect genetic variability among accessions, revealing that traditional farmers from Campos dos Goytacazes and São João da Barra are responsible for sweet potato genotypes conservation with expressive genetic diversity in their properties. There was no relationship between genetic distance and collecting areas.

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial agronômico de híbridos de tomateiro a partir da linhagem TOM-687, rica em acilaçúcares e de resistência comprovada a pragas. O experimento foi instalado na HortiAgro, município de Ijaci, MG. Foi constituído de 30 genótipos (5 híbridos comerciais, 1 linhagem pré-comercial (TOM-687), e 24 híbridos nos quais TOM-687 foi utilizada como um dos pais), os quais foram conduzidos em tutoramento com haste dupla, no espaçamento de 1,30 x 0,50 m, totalizando 15.385 plantas por hectare. Foram realizadas nove colheitas, entre as datas de 01/11/08 a 28/11/08. Foram avaliadas as características de massa média por fruto (g fruto-1) e produção por hectare (t ha-1). Os 24 híbridos que tiveram TOM-687 como um dos pais apresentaram potencial produtivo similar ao das testemunhas comerciais Débora Max, Bravo, Bônus, Kombat e Atyna. Dos 24 híbridos experimentais, quatro (TEX-298, TEX-310, TEX-315 e TEX-316) foram avaliados quanto à resistência à traça-do-tomateiro (Tuta absoluta) e mostraram-se mais resistentes do que as testemunhas comerciais.

This experiment was designed to assess the agronomic potential of tomato hybrids obtained from the tomato line TOM-687, an acylsugar-rich line with confirmed resistance to an array of tomato pests. The experiment was carried out at the HortiAgro Sementes research station, in Ijaci, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The treatments comprised 30 genotypes (5 commercial hybrid checks, 1 high acylsugar line (TOM-687), and 24 hybrids in which TOM-687 was one of the parents). Plants were trained to two stems, in a spacing of 1.30 m between rows x 0.50 m between plants within a row, totaling 15,385 plants per hectare. Nine harvests were performed between November 1st, 2008 and November 28th,2008. Traits assessed were mean fruit weight (g fruit-1) and total yield (t ha-1). All 24 hybrids with TOM-687 as a parent showed yields similar to those of the commercial check hybrids Débora Max, Bravo, Bônus, Kombat and Atyna. Four of these experimental hybrids (TEX-298, TEX-310, TEX-315 and TEX-316) were assessed for resistance to the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta, and were shown to possess higher degrees of pest resistance than the current commercial hybrid checks.

O experimento foi conduzido em Cáceres, Estado do Mato Grosso, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de nitrogênio sobre a produção de forragem e a composição química do capim-tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.). Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com cinco tratamentos (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1 de N) e quatro repetições, em parcelas de 4,0 x 5,0 m. Foram realizados quatro cortes a intervalos de 30 dias, na altura de 5 cm do nível do solo, sendo as doses de N parceladas em quatro aplicações após cada corte, sob a forma de ureia, em cobertura. Foi observado, para cada kg ha-1 de N aplicado, aumento, na produção de matéria seca total de 22,67 kg ha-1, na produção de lâmina foliar verde de 11,37 kg ha-1, na altura do relvado de 0,052 cm e no teor de proteína bruta da forragem de 0,00955 dag kg-1, e diminuição no teor de FDN de 0,0142 dag kg-1. Observou-se aumento na extração de N a uma taxa de 0,537 kg kg-1 de N e diminuição acentuada da eficiência de utilização do N a partir da dose estimada de 155 kg ha-1 de N.

The experiment was carried out in Cáceres, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) on forage production and chemical composition of Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). A randomized complete block design was used, with five treatments (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1) and four replications in 4.0 x 5.0 m plots. Four cuts were made at intervals of 30 days, at the height of 5 cm above ground level. N was applied after each cut, in the form of urea. For each kg ha-1 of N applied, we observed increases of 22.67 kg ha-1 in the production of total dry mass, 11.37 kg ha-1 in the production of green leaf blade, 0.052 cm in sward height, and 0.00955 dag kg-1 in crude protein content, and a reduction of 0.0142 dag kg-1 in NDF content. There was an increase in the extraction of N at a rate of 0.537 kg kg-1 of N, and sharp decline in the efficiency of N utilization from the estimated dose of 155 kg ha-1 of N.