ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the glucose metabolism of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in pretreatment and sustained viral response (SVR) periods. Materials and methods: This was an intervention pre-post study of 273 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with DAAs from March 2018 to December 2019. Glycidic metabolism was evaluated through homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) – insulin resistance (IR) and HOMA-β indices and assessments of insulinemia and HbA1c levels. These parameters were analyzed with a T test by paired comparison of the means of the variables and Wilcoxon's test paired for the median; in the variables with an abnormal distribution, the Z score was generated for the mean in both the pretreatment and SVR periods. Statistical significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among 273 participants, 125 (45.8%) had prediabetes, and 50 (18.3%) had diabetes. In SVR, there was a significant increase in platelets, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides and a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma GT and bilirubin. The HOMA-IR and HOMA-β indices increased in SVR from 1.95 to 2.29 (p = 0.087) and 71.20 to 82.60 (p = 0.001), respectively. Insulinemia increased from 7.60 μU/mL to 8.90 μU/mL (p = 0.011). HbA1c decreased from 5.6 to 5.4 (p < 0.001). Among patients with prediabetes and those with diabetes, the reduction in HbA1c values was significant (p = 0.006 and p = 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: SVR significantly impacts and leads to improvement in glucose metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease induced by hepatitis C virus.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study, carried out at the university hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande, was to assess whether the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals and the sustained virological response will affect the metabolic influences of the hepatitis C virus and whether these effects will vary according to genotypes and virus load. METHODS: This is an intervention pre-post study, carried out from March 2018 to December 2019, evaluating 273 hepatitis C virus patients treated with direct-acting antivirals. Inclusion criteria included being monoinfected with hepatitis C virus and achieving sustained virological response . Exclusion criteria included the presence of decompensated cirrhosis or co-infected with hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency virus. Genotypes, genotype 1 subtypes, and hepatitis C virus viral load were analyzed. Glucose metabolism was evaluated by the Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin resistance indices: Homeostasis Model Assessment-β, TyG, and HbA1c, measured at the beginning of treatment and in sustained virological response. Statistical analysis with a T test by paired comparison of the means of the variables in the pretreatment and in the sustained virological response. RESULTS: Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin resistance analysis: there were no significant differences between pretreatment and sustained virological response. Homeostasis Model Assessment-β analysis: significant increase in genotype 1 patients (p<0.028). TyG index analysis: significant increase in genotype 1b (p<0.017), genotype 3 (p<0.024), and genotype non-1 with low viral load (p<0.039). HbA1c analysis: significant decrease in genotype 3 (p<0.001) and genotype non-1 patients with low viral load (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: We detected significant metabolic influences after sustained virological response: impairment in lipid profile and improvements in the glucose metabolism. We found significant differences in genotype dependence, genotype 1 subtypes, and viral load.

Cesarean section was developed to reduce maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality, however when performed without scientific evidence it is associated with complications. This study analyses the temporal trend and factors associated with cesarean section in Brazil, its regions and Federation Units between 2000 and 2017. Ecological study. The prevalence of cesarean sections and maternal variables were identified from the Information System on Live Births. The Prais-Winsten method was used for time series analysis. In the whole period there were 53.497.303 births in Brazil, 48.4% by cesarean section. Between 2000 and 2009, the mean cesarean section in Brazil increased from 39.7% (SD 9.8) to 53% (SD 9.4) between 2010 and 2017 with an annual variation of 1.7 p.p (95%CI 1.6; 1.8). There is stability between 2010 and 2017, with a slight decline from 2015 in the Southeast region with an annual variation of -0.9 (95%CI -1.5; 0.0). It is observed that the caesarean section has remained stable in most macro-regions and even decreasing in the southeast and in the group of women with higher education, not adolescents and better prenatal coverage. It is believed that Brazil has reached the plateau in the prevalence of cesarean section (60%) in most states and in the next years there is a decrease in these prevalences.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Verificar a cobertura da vacina contra o HPV em mulheres matriculadas em cursos da área de saúde de uma universidade do sudoeste do Estado de Goiás e os fatores associados à vacinação. MÉTODOS Trata-se de estudo transversal, incluindo universitárias dos cursos da área de saúde, com 18 anos ou mais. Foi utilizado questionário padronizado e autoaplicável. As participantes que receberam duas ou mais doses da vacina foram consideradas como imunizadas. A análise múltipla foi realizada por meio de regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS Observou-se que, das 1510 participantes, 473 (31,3%) com duas ou mais doses de vacina contra o HPV, 167 (11,0%) com uma dose e 870 (57,6%) não vacinadas. As participantes com menos de 21 anos e inseridas no estrato socioeconômico A tinham 2 vezes mais chance de terem recebido duas doses ou mais da vacina (Razão de Prevalência = 1,95; IC95% 1,40–2,70 e Razão de Prevalência = 2,09; IC95% 1.39–3,13, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES A pesquisa revelou extensa possibilidade para intervenções com o objetivo de atingir maior cobertura vacinal entre as universitárias. Mesmo mulheres com mais conhecimento e de estrato econômico elevado apresentaram baixa cobertura vacinal, sugerindo que resultados de cobertura vacinal maior podem ser obtidos com a vacinação realizada em ambiente escolar.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To check the coverage of the HPV vaccine in women enrolled in health courses at a university in southwest Goiás, Brazil, and the factors associated with vaccination. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, including female university students of health courses, aged 18 years or more. A standardized and self-applying questionnaire was used. Participants who received two or more doses of the vaccine were considered immunized. Multiple analysis was performed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULT We observed that, of the 1510 participants, 473 (31.3%) had two or more doses of HPV vaccine, 167 (11.0%) one dose and 870 (57.6%) were unvaccinated. Participants under 21 years of age and in socioeconomic stratum A were 2 times more likely to have received two or more doses of the vaccine (Prevalence Ratio = 1.95; 95%CI 1.40–2.70 and Prevalence Ratio = 2.09; 95%CI 1.39–3.13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The research revealed extensive possibility for interventions with the aim of achieving greater vaccination coverage among female university students. Even women with more knowledge and high economic stratum showed low vaccination coverage, suggesting that results of higher vaccine coverage can be obtained with vaccination carried out in a school environment.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Verificar a cobertura da vacina contra o HPV em mulheres matriculadas em cursos da área de saúde de uma universidade do sudoeste do Estado de Goiás e os fatores associados à vacinação. MÉTODOS Trata-se de estudo transversal, incluindo universitárias dos cursos da área de saúde, com 18 anos ou mais. Foi utilizado questionário padronizado e autoaplicável. As participantes que receberam duas ou mais doses da vacina foram consideradas como imunizadas. A análise múltipla foi realizada por meio de regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS Observou-se que, das 1510 participantes, 473 (31,3%) com duas ou mais doses de vacina contra o HPV, 167 (11,0%) com uma dose e 870 (57,6%) não vacinadas. As participantes com menos de 21 anos e inseridas no estrato socioeconômico A tinham 2 vezes mais chance de terem recebido duas doses ou mais da vacina (Razão de Prevalência = 1,95; IC95% 1,40–2,70 e Razão de Prevalência = 2,09; IC95% 1.39–3,13, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES A pesquisa revelou extensa possibilidade para intervenções com o objetivo de atingir maior cobertura vacinal entre as universitárias. Mesmo mulheres com mais conhecimento e de estrato econômico elevado apresentaram baixa cobertura vacinal, sugerindo que resultados de cobertura vacinal maior podem ser obtidos com a vacinação realizada em ambiente escolar.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To check the coverage of the HPV vaccine in women enrolled in health courses at a university in southwest Goiás, Brazil, and the factors associated with vaccination. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, including female university students of health courses, aged 18 years or more. A standardized and self-applying questionnaire was used. Participants who received two or more doses of the vaccine were considered immunized. Multiple analysis was performed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULT We observed that, of the 1510 participants, 473 (31.3%) had two or more doses of HPV vaccine, 167 (11.0%) one dose and 870 (57.6%) were unvaccinated. Participants under 21 years of age and in socioeconomic stratum A were 2 times more likely to have received two or more doses of the vaccine (Prevalence Ratio = 1.95; 95%CI 1.40–2.70 and Prevalence Ratio = 2.09; 95%CI 1.39–3.13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The research revealed extensive possibility for interventions with the aim of achieving greater vaccination coverage among female university students. Even women with more knowledge and high economic stratum showed low vaccination coverage, suggesting that results of higher vaccine coverage can be obtained with vaccination carried out in a school environment.

Abstract Background Brazil has the third largest prison population in the world. Research in the world has confirmed a high prevalence of mental disorders in this population. Objective To identify prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners of the closed prison system. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 643 prisoners were interviewed in six prisons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To evaluate depression and anxiety, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 (MINI) was used and sociodemographic, inprisonment and lifestyle habits variables were also collected. Results The prevalence of depression found in the study was 20.6% (95% CI: 17.5-23.8) and of anxiety was 19.9% (95% CI: 16.8-23.0). The following were identified as risk factors for depression: being female, having a history of mental illness, non-white skin color, having a religion, not receiving visits, smoking, using drugs and not performing physical activities. Risk factors for anxiety were: being female, having a history of mental illness, a family history of mental illness, smoking and using drugs. Discussion The study confirmed the high rates of depression and anxiety in the population deprived of liberty. In addition, women were twice as likely to have both disorders compared to men.

Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do DNA do vírus herpes humano 1 (HSV-1) em amostras de placenta, sua incidência no sangue do cordão umbilical de recém-nascidos e fatores de risco associados. Métodos Biópsias de placenta e de sangue de cordão umbilical foram analisadas, totalizando 480 amostras de parturientes assintomáticas e seus recém-nascidos emum hospital universitário. Reação de cadeia de polimerase (RCP) nested e sequenciamento gênico foram usados para identificar o vírus; odds ratio (OR) e risco relativo (RR) foram realizados para comparar os fatores de risco associados à essa condição. Resultados A prevalência do DNA do HSV-1 em amostras de placenta foi de 37,5%, e a incidência no sangue do cordão foi de 27,5%. A via transplacentária hematogênica foi identificada em 61,4% das amostras de HSV-1+do sangue do cordão umbilical, pareadas com o tecido placentário. Nenhuma evidência do vírus foi observada nos restantes 38,6% dos tecidos placentários, sugerindo uma infecção ascendente do trato genital. A falta de uso do preservativo aumentou o risco de encontrar o HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical. Conclusão A ocorrência de DNA do HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical sugere uma transmissão vertical de gestantes assintomáticas para o feto.

Abstract Objective Estimate the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 1 HSV-1 DNA in placental samples, its incidence in umbilical cord blood of newborns and the associated risk factors. Methods Placental biopsies and umbilical cord blood were analyzed, totaling 480 samples, from asymptomatic parturients and their newborns at a University Hospital. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencingwere used to identify the virus; odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were performed to compare risk factors associated with this condition. Results The prevalence of HSV-1 DNA in placental samples was 37.5%, and the incidence in cord blood was 27.5%. Hematogenous transplacental route was identified in 61.4% from HSV-1+ samples of umbilical cord blood paired with the placental tissue. No evidence of the virus was observed in the remaining 38.6% of placental tissues, suggesting an ascendant infection from the genital tract, without replication in the placental tissue, resulting in intra-amniotic infection and vertical transmission, seen by the virus in the cord blood. The lack of condom use increased the risk of finding HSV-1 in the placenta and umbilical cord blood. Conclusion The occurrence of HSV-1 DNA in the placenta and in cord blood found suggests vertical transmission from asymptomatic pregnant women to the fetus.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O manejo e a possibilidade de erradicação da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C têm sido muito pesquisados nos últimos anos pela importância que representam na saúde pública para a população mundial. A obtenção de dados que auxiliem o enfrentamento dessa patologia resulta na melhor qualidade de vida dos seus portadores. O presente estudo avaliou a efetividade da terapêutica com os antivirais de ação direta, fornecida pelo Ministério da Saúde, através do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas de 2015. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos portadores de hepatite C crônica e a taxa de resposta viral sustentada com o uso dos antivirais de ação direta em todos os indivíduos atendidos no Centro de Referência no tratamento da hepatite C crônica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional retrospectivo/prospectivo com todos os portadores de hepatite C crônica que tiveram seus tratamentos disponibilizados no período de dezembro de 2015 a agosto de 2017 segundo os critérios do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas de 2015. Na primeira fase foram selecionadas e coletadas as variáveis demográficas e clínicas, no banco de dados do centro de referência de todos os indivíduos cadastrados para tratamento para hepatite C e na segunda fase foram coletados dados referentes ao tratamento. A variável desfecho, resposta viral sustentada, foi definida pela carga viral indetectável no exame sanguíneo três meses após o término do tratamento. Foram realizadas as análises descritivas e bivariadas com cálculo do qui quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher, adotando um valor P≤0,05, no programa SPSS 20. RESULTADOS: Dos 252 participantes do estudo 228 (90,5%) obtiveram resposta viral sustentada, sendo 55,2% do sexo masculino com média de idade de 58,6 anos (DP±9,1). O genótipo 1 foi o mais prevalente, presente em 54,4% dos participantes, 87,4% dos estudados apresentavam grau de fibrose hepática moderada/avançada. Após a análise estatística observou-se que os indivíduos com genótipo 3 e fibrose hepática moderada/avançada, tiveram menor taxa de resposta viral sustentada (P=0,05 e P=0,04 respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que com o uso dos antivirais de ação direta as taxas de resposta viral sustentada foram altas, em relação aos esquemas terapêuticos anteriores, podendo chegar à totalidade nos pacientes com fibrose leve. Este estudo mostra que a realização do tratamento precoce, ou seja, de forma antecipada em pacientes sem fibrose hepática e genótipo 3 pode aumentar a taxa de sucesso.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In recent years the management of hepatitis C virus infection and the possibility of its eradication have been researched due to the importance that they represent in the health of the world population. Obtaining data that help to cope with this pathology improves the quality of life of those affected by it. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral therapies provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in accordance to the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines of 2015. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with chronic hepatitis C and the rate of sustained virologic response using direct-acting antivirals of all individuals that attended the referral service for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C at the Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective/prospective study with all patients with chronic hepatitis C who had their treatments available from December 2015 to August 2017 according to the criteria of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines of 2015. In the first phase, the clinical and demographic variables of all individuals enrolled in a treatment for hepatitis C were selected and collected from the Reference Service database. In the second phase, treatment data were collected. The outcome variable, sustained virologic response, was defined as an undetectable viral load on the blood test three months after the end of treatment. The descriptive and bivariate analyzes were performed with Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s Exact test, adopting a P value ≤0.05 in the SPSS 20 software. RESULTS: Of the 252 participants in the study, 228 (90.5%) had a sustained virologic response, 55.2% were male with an average age of 58.6 years (SD±9.1). Genotype 1 was the most prevalent, observed in 54.4% of the participants, and 87.4% of the patients had moderate/advanced hepatic fibrosis. After the statistical analysis, it was observed that the individuals with genotype 3 and moderate/advanced hepatic fibrosis had lower sustained virologic response rate (P=0.05 and P=0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: It was observed that the use of direct-acting antivirals, in comparison to previous therapeutic regimens, increases the sustained virologic response, reaching all patients with mild fibrosis. This study provides information that helps in the hepatitis C treatment by showing that prescribing early treatment for patients without hepatic fibrosis and/or genotype 3 virus could increase therapeutic effectiveness.

Resumo Este estudo analisou as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário sobre Conhecimento de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (STD-KQ). Participou uma amostra de conveniência de 429 estudantes de uma universidade pública brasileira. A análise fatorial exploratória sugere uma estrutura com um fator (variância explicada = 61,1%; eigenvalue = 7,2), sendo corroborada pela análise confirmatória (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0,04; Comparative Fit Index = 0,91; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0,90; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0,05). Cinco itens apresentaram carga menor que 0,30 e por isso foram excluídos. O instrumento demonstrou consistência interna (confiabilidade composta = 0,97; alfa de Cronbach = 0,83) e estabilidade temporal (correlação de Pearson = 0, 86; kappa = 0,16) para um curto período. O conhecimento significativamente variou conforme a idade, o sexo e o curso. Concluindo, o presente estudo destaca as satisfatórias propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do STD-KQ em estudantes universitários.

Abstract This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ). A convenience sample of 429 students of a Brazilian public university participated in the study. Exploratory Factor Analysis suggested one factor solution (variance explained = 61.1%, eigenvalue = 7.2), confirmed by the confirmatory analysis (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.04; Comparative Fit Index = 0.91; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.90; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.05). Five items feature charges less than 0.30 and wer eliminated. The instrument demonstrated internal consistency (Composite reliability = 0.97; Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83) and temporal stability (Pearson correlation = 0.86; kappa = 0.16) over a brief period. The knowledge significantly varies by age, sex and course of study. In conclusion, this study highlights the satisfactory psychometric proprieties of the Brazilian version of STD-KQ in university students.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar a frequência da não realização das consultas de puerpério e fatores associados em mulheres residentes de um município de médio porte no Brasil. Métodos: estudo de coorte prospectiva através da coleta de dados em dois momentos, nas primeiras 48h e após o 42º dia pós-parto. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para comparar proporções e, para a análise ajustada, Regressão de Poisson obedecendo ao modelo hierárquico pré-determinado. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: das 572 mulheres incluídas no estudo, 24,8% não realizaram consulta de puerpério. Os fatores associados a não realização da consulta de puerpério foram: menor renda (1º tercil RP= 2,01 IC95%= 1,21-3,33 - 2º tercil RP= 1,94 IC95%= 1,17-3,20), escolaridade (≤ 8 anos RP= 2,00 IC95%= 1,24-3,24); mulheres que apresentaram alguma comorbidade durante a gestação (RP 1,45; IC95%= 1,01-2,09), realizaram o pré-natal em serviço público (RP= 1,74; IC95%= 1,18-2,58) e que não usaram método anticoncepcional (RP= 3,10; IC95%= 1,86-5,16). Conclusões: a revisão puerperal não parece estar sendo valorizada no pré-natal, principalmente no sistema público de saúde. Foi identificada uma importante iniquidade na prestação desse serviço, pois as mulheres de menor renda, escolaridade e mais expostas a uma gravidez recorrente foram as que menos retornaram à consulta puerperal.

Abstract Objectives: to identify the frequency and factors associated with the non-realization of puerperal consultations in women resident of a medium-sized municipality in Brazil. Methods: a prospective cohort study based on data collected in two time points, the first 48h and after the 42nd day post-childbirth. In order to analyze data, proportions were compared using the chi-square test, and the adjusted analysis was performed using Poisson regression, according to a predetermined hierarchical model. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: of the 572 women included in the study, 24.8% did not perform puerperal consul-tations. The factors associated with the non-realization of puerperal consultations were: lower income (1 st tercile PR= 2.01; CI95%= 1.21-3.33 – 2 nd tercile PR= 1.94; CI95%=1.17-3.20) and schooling (≤ 8 years PR= 2.00; CI95%= 1.24-3.24), comorbidities during preg-nancy (PR= 1.45; CI95%= 1.01-2.09), realization of antenatal care in the public service (PR= 1.74; CI95%= 1.18-2.58) and non-use of contraceptive methods (PR= 3.10; CI95%=1.86-5.16). Conclusions: puerperal revision does not seem to be valued in the antenatal care, mainly in the public health system. An important inequality was identified in the provision of this service, since women more prone to recurring pregnancy and with lower income and schooling were the ones that least returned to the puerperal consultation.

Resumo Este estudo analisou as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário sobre Conhecimento de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (STD-KQ). Participou uma amostra de conveniência de 429 estudantes de uma universidade pública brasileira. A análise fatorial exploratória sugere uma estrutura com um fator (variância explicada = 61,1%; eigenvalue = 7,2), sendo corroborada pela análise confirmatória (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0,04; Comparative Fit Index = 0,91; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0,90; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0,05). Cinco itens apresentaram carga menor que 0,30 e por isso foram excluídos. O instrumento demonstrou consistência interna (confiabilidade composta = 0,97; alfa de Cronbach = 0,83) e estabilidade temporal (correlação de Pearson = 0, 86; kappa = 0,16) para um curto período. O conhecimento significativamente variou conforme a idade, o sexo e o curso. Concluindo, o presente estudo destaca as satisfatórias propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do STD-KQ em estudantes universitários.

Abstract This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ). A convenience sample of 429 students of a Brazilian public university participated in the study. Exploratory Factor Analysis suggested one factor solution (variance explained = 61.1%, eigenvalue = 7.2), confirmed by the confirmatory analysis (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.04; Comparative Fit Index = 0.91; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.90; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.05). Five items feature charges less than 0.30 and wer eliminated. The instrument demonstrated internal consistency (Composite reliability = 0.97; Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83) and temporal stability (Pearson correlation = 0.86; kappa = 0.16) over a brief period. The knowledge significantly varies by age, sex and course of study. In conclusion, this study highlights the satisfactory psychometric proprieties of the Brazilian version of STD-KQ in university students.

RESUMO: Introdução: O aconselhamento nutricional vem desempenhando um papel de suma importância na prevenção e no tratamento de diversas doenças. Objetivo: Avaliar o recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional em adultos e idosos residentes na área urbana de um município do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário aplicado em domicílio. O desfecho foi o recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional no último ano vinculado a diversos meios, até mesmo aos de comunicação. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, consulta médica no último ano, estado nutricional e outras variáveis de saúde. Resultados: Um total de 1.296 indivíduos compôs a amostra (taxa de resposta de 90,7%), sendo a maioria mulher (56,6%) e com idade entre 18 e 59 anos (75,3%). A prevalência do recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional foi de 19,9% (IC95% 17,3 - 22,5), sendo maior em mulheres do que em homens (p = 0,01). Na análise estratificada por sexo, nos homens houve associação significativa (p < 0,05) com o desfecho as variáveis: escolaridade ≥ 12 anos; consulta médica no último ano; baixo peso; obesidade; diabetes e hipertensão. Entre as mulheres, apresentaram associação com o desfecho as variáveis: plano de saúde; consulta médica no último ano; obesidade e diabetes. Conclusão: A baixa prevalência do aconselhamento nutricional e sua associação com doenças já instaladas expõem a necessidade de que o aconselhamento seja realizado não somente para o tratamento mas também como ações preventivas.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Nutrition counseling has played a critical role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Objective: To evaluate how adults and elderly people, who are residents in an urban area of Southern Brazil, received nutritional counseling. Methods: This was a cross-sectional population based study. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied at home. The outcome was the prevalence of nutritional counseling received in the past year that came from different means, including means of communication. Sociodemographic variables, doctor visits in the past year, nutritional state and other healthcare variables were analyzed. Results: The sample included 1,296 individuals (rate of answer of 90.7%). The results indicate that the majority of the people interviewed were females (56.6%), with their age ranging from 18 to 59 years-old (75.3%). The prevalence of people receiving nutritional counseling was 19.9% (95%CI 17.3 -22.5). It was higher among women than men (p = 0.01). The sex-adjusted analyses showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association in men for the variables: schooling ≥ 12 years; medical consultation in the last year; low weight; obesity; diabetes and hypertension. Among the women, the following variables were associated with the outcome: health insurance; medical consultation in the last year; obesity and diabetes. Conclusions: The low prevalence of nutritional counseling and its association with diseases exposes the need for it to be implemented not only for treatment purposes but also as preventive health actions.

RESUMO: Introdução: O aconselhamento nutricional vem desempenhando um papel de suma importância na prevenção e no tratamento de diversas doenças. Objetivo: Avaliar o recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional em adultos e idosos residentes na área urbana de um município do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário aplicado em domicílio. O desfecho foi o recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional no último ano vinculado a diversos meios, até mesmo aos de comunicação. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, consulta médica no último ano, estado nutricional e outras variáveis de saúde. Resultados: Um total de 1.296 indivíduos compôs a amostra (taxa de resposta de 90,7%), sendo a maioria mulher (56,6%) e com idade entre 18 e 59 anos (75,3%). A prevalência do recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional foi de 19,9% (IC95% 17,3 - 22,5), sendo maior em mulheres do que em homens (p = 0,01). Na análise estratificada por sexo, nos homens houve associação significativa (p < 0,05) com o desfecho as variáveis: escolaridade ≥ 12 anos; consulta médica no último ano; baixo peso; obesidade; diabetes e hipertensão. Entre as mulheres, apresentaram associação com o desfecho as variáveis: plano de saúde; consulta médica no último ano; obesidade e diabetes. Conclusão: A baixa prevalência do aconselhamento nutricional e sua associação com doenças já instaladas expõem a necessidade de que o aconselhamento seja realizado não somente para o tratamento mas também como ações preventivas.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Nutrition counseling has played a critical role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Objective: To evaluate how adults and elderly people, who are residents in an urban area of Southern Brazil, received nutritional counseling. Methods: This was a cross-sectional population based study. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied at home. The outcome was the prevalence of nutritional counseling received in the past year that came from different means, including means of communication. Sociodemographic variables, doctor visits in the past year, nutritional state and other healthcare variables were analyzed. Results: The sample included 1,296 individuals (rate of answer of 90.7%). The results indicate that the majority of the people interviewed were females (56.6%), with their age ranging from 18 to 59 years-old (75.3%). The prevalence of people receiving nutritional counseling was 19.9% (95%CI 17.3 -22.5). It was higher among women than men (p = 0.01). The sex-adjusted analyses showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association in men for the variables: schooling ≥ 12 years; medical consultation in the last year; low weight; obesity; diabetes and hypertension. Among the women, the following variables were associated with the outcome: health insurance; medical consultation in the last year; obesity and diabetes. Conclusions: The low prevalence of nutritional counseling and its association with diseases exposes the need for it to be implemented not only for treatment purposes but also as preventive health actions.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a tendência temporal e a distribuição espacial da Sífilis Congênita (SC) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Todos os casos notificados pelo Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação entre 2001 e 2012 foram incluídos. Os números de nascidos vivos foram obtidos do SINASC/DATASUS. As taxas de incidência de SC foram agrupados conforme as microrregiões do IBGE e analisados para todo o período e em triênios. A correlação espacial foi analisada pelo índice de Moran global (I) e local. Foram notificados 3.613 casos. Entre 2007 e 2012 morreram 89 neonatos (3,6%). As taxas de SC variaram de 1,03 em 2001 a 5,1 casos por 1.000 nascidos vivos em 2012, com um incremento anual de 0,84 casos por 1.000 nascidos vivos (p < 0,01) e 93,88% da variação explicada. As microrregiões foram espacialmente independentes (I = 0,06; p = 0,25), tendo Porto Alegre a maior incidência (4,19 casos/1.000 nascidos vivos) e Jaguarão a menor (0,23 casos/1.000 nascidos vivos). Observaram-se microrregiões com dependência espacial local significativa. O aumento dos casos de SC salienta um déficit na qualidade do pré-natal. A identificação das microrregiões com maior incidência é essencial para focalizar as políticas públicas sobre esse tema.

Abstract The scope of the study was to evaluate the temporal trend and spatial distribution of congenital syphilis (CS) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. All cases reported by the SINASC/DATASUS between 2001 and 2012 were included. The number of live births was obtained from DATASUS. Incidence rates of CS were grouped according to micro-regions of IBGE and analyzed for the entire period and for triennia. The spatial correlation was analyzed by the global Moran index (I) and the local index. 3,613 cases were reported. Between 2007 and 2012 89 neonates (3.6%) died. Rates varied from to 1.03 in 2001 to 5.1 cases per 1000 live births in 2012, with an annual increase of 0.84 cases per 1000 live births (p < 0.01) and 93.88% of explained variance. The micro-regions were spatially independent (I = 0.06; p = 0.25), with Porto Alegre having the highest incidence (4.19 cases / 1000 live births) and Jaguarão the lowest (0.23 cases / 1000 live births). Micro-regions with significant local spatial dependence were observed. The increase in cases of CS highlights poor prenatal quality care. Identification of the micro-regions with the highest incidence is essential to focus public policy on this health problem.

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the mutations of Helicobacter pylori associated with resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Furthermore, based on the proposed interaction between antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity, we correlated the mutation profiles of the strains with the presence of the pathogenicity gene cagA. We analyzed 80 gastric biopsy specimens from H. pylori-infected patients for point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene region and in the gyrA gene, which are related to clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance, respectively, and investigated the presence of the cagA gene in these strains. We observed that in the assayed biopsies, 8.7% (7/80) had mutations in the 23S rRNA gene region at positions 2143 and 2142, while 22.5% (18/80) had mutations in gyrA at codons 87 and 91. Moreover, absence of the CagA-EPIYA pathogenicity factor was observed in 68% (17/25) of resistant samples. The knowledge of the local profile of antimicrobial resistance and the complex interplay involving resistance and pathogenicity can contribute to an appropriate clinical approach.