RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad y los años de vida perdidos por muerte o ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD) de hombres por accidentes de motocicleta en América Latina y el Caribe en el período 2010-2019, a partir de las estimaciones del estudio de la carga mundial de enfermedades (CME). Métodos. En este estudio ecológico se analizaron las series temporales mediante el modelo de regresión lineal segmentada (joinpoint), con cálculo y comprobación del cambio porcentual anual y del cambio porcentual anual promedio, con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados. La región de América Latina y el Caribe definida por el estudio de la CME ocupó el primer lugar a nivel mundial en mortalidad y AVAD de motociclistas varones de 15 a 49 años en el 2019. Las tasas tuvieron un notable aumento del 2010 al 2013, y ambas registraron una reducción importante después de ese período. En la década analizada, la subregión de América Latina Tropical (Brasil y Paraguay) presentó las mayores tasas de mortalidad y de AVAD en la población de estudio, pero fue la única con una reducción importante de las mismas. La subregión del Caribe (Antigua y Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belice, Bermudas, Cuba, Dominica, Granada, Guyana, Haití, Islas Vírgenes de Estados Unidos, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, República Dominicana, Saint Kits y Nevis, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Santa Lucía, Suriname, y Trinidad y Tabago) mostró un aumento importante de ambas tasas, mientras que América Latina Andina (Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú) y América Latina Central (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá y Venezuela) se mantuvieron estables. Conclusiones. Los datos refuerzan la importancia de las actividades de vigilancia destinadas a prevenir los accidentes de motocicleta, puesto que la reducción observada de las tasas aún es insuficiente para abordar la morbimortalidad por accidentes de tráfico como problema de salud pública.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify the temporal trend in mortality and years of life lost to death or disability (DALY) due to motorcycle accidents in males from Latin America and the Caribbean from 2010 to 2019, using estimates produced by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Method. In this ecological study, the time series was analyzed using a piecewise linear regression model (joinpoint) to estimate and test the annual percent change and the average annual percent change with a 95% confidence interval. Results. The super-region defined by GBD 2019 as Latin America and the Caribbean ranked first globally in mortality and DALY for male motorcyclists aged 15-49 in 2019. Rates increased significantly from 2010 to 2013, with a significant reduction in both after this period. During the analyzed decade, the Tropical Latin America sub-region (Brazil and Paraguay) had the highest mortality and DALY rates in the population of interest; nevertheless, this was the only sub-region achieving a significant reduction in these rates. The Caribbean sub-region (Bermuda, Dominica, Suriname, Guyana, Belize, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Saint Kitts and Nevis, U.S. Virgin Islands, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba e Jamaica) showed a significant increase in both rates over the same period, while Andean Latin America (Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru) and Central Latin America (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Honduras, and Venezuela) remained stable. Conclusions. The data underscore the importance of developing surveillance actions aimed at preventing motorcycle accidents, since the observed declining rates are still insufficient to address the morbidity and mortality associated with road accidents as a public health problem.

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar a tendência temporal da mortalidade e dos anos de vida perdidos por morte ou incapacidade (DALY) de homens por acidente motociclístico na América Latina e Caribe no período de 2010 a 2019, utilizando estimativas do estudo Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Métodos. Este estudo ecológico analisou a série temporal pelo modelo de regressão linear segmentada (joinpoint), estimando-se e testando-se a variação percentual anual e a variação percentual anual média, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados. A grande região da América Latina e Caribe definida pelo GBD ocupou o primeiro lugar global em mortalidade e DALY de motociclistas homens de 15 a 49 anos em 2019. As taxas aumentaram significativamente de 2010 a 2013, havendo redução significativa de ambas após esse período. Durante a década analisada, a sub-região da América Latina Tropical (Brasil e Paraguai) apresentou as maiores taxas de mortalidade e DALY na população em estudo, porém foi a única com redução significativa das mesmas; a sub-região do Caribe (Bermudas, Dominica, Suriname, Guiana, Belize, Bahamas, Porto Rico, Santa Lúcia, República Dominicana, Haiti, São Cristóvão e Névis, Ilhas Virgens/EUA, Granada, Trinidad e Tobago, Barbados, São Vicente e Granadinas, Antígua e Barbuda, Cuba e Jamaica) apresentou aumento significativo de ambas as taxas, enquanto América Latina Andina (Equador, Bolívia e Peru) e América Latina Central (Colômbia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, México, Nicarágua, Panamá, Honduras e Venezuela) permaneceram estáveis. Conclusões. Os dados reforçam a importância das ações de vigilância destinadas à prevenção de acidentes motociclísticos, uma vez que os resultados de queda nas taxas ainda são insuficientes frente à morbimortalidade no trânsito como problema de saúde pública.

ABSTRACT Forage biomass production and water storage (WS) was evaluated in cactus pear cv. Gigante fertilized with combinations of nitrogen (10, 70, 100, 130, and 190 kg ha−1 yr−1 N) and phosphorus (10, 70, 100, 130, and 190 kg ha−1 yr−1 P2O5) in annual (AH) and biennial (BH) harvest frequencies, in Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used in a split-plot arrangement with four replications. In Quixadá, the maximum total forage biomass (TFB) recorded in the AH was 3,522.9 kg ha−1 yr−1 for the N/P2O5 combination of 134.6/190.0 kg ha−1 yr−1, and in the BH, the maximum TFB of 1,583.2 kg ha−1 yr−1 was recorded for the N/P2O5 combination of 114.6/136.8 kg ha−1 yr−1. In Tejuçuoca, the maximum TFB recorded in the AH was 9,783.0 kg ha−1 yr−1 for the N/P2O5 combination of 137.7/190.0 kg ha−1 yr−1, and in the BH, the maximum TFB of 12,124.0 kg ha−1 yr−1 was recorded for the N/P2O5 combination of 190.0/56.8 kg ha−1 yr−1. In Quixadá, the maximum WS recorded in the AH was 39.1 kg ha−1 mm−1 for the N/P2O5 combination of 161.0/190.0 kg ha−1 yr−1, and in the BH, the maximum WS of 11.3 kg ha−1 mm−1 was recorded for the N/P2O5 combination of 113.5/158.7 kg ha−1 yr−1. In Tejuçuoca, the maximum WS recorded in the AH was 196.1 kg ha−1 mm−1 for the N/P2O5 combination of 190.0/190.0 kg ha−1 yr−1, and in the BH, the maximum WS of 265.5 kg ha−1 mm−1 was recorded for the N/P2O5 combination of 190.0/10.0 kg ha−1 yr−1. To achieve the persistence and longevity of the cactus pear cv. Gigante, the management with BH and fertilization with the N/P2O5 combination of 114.6/136.8 kg ha−1 yr−1 (in regions similar to Quixadá) and N/P2O5 combination of 190.0/56.8 kg ha−1 yr−1 (in regions similar to Tejuçuoca) is recommended.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es traducir y adaptar culturalmente al portugués europeo “EBP Beliefs Scale for Educators” (EBPB-E), “EBP Implementation Scale for Educators” (EBPI-E) y “Organizational Culture & Readiness for School-wide Integration of Evidence-based Practice Survey” para docentes (OCRSIEP-E); y presentar datos preliminares de validación. El estudio se realizó en dos fases: traducción y adaptación transcultural; y validación preliminar en docentes de enfermería de nueve escuelas de enfermería de Portugal. Las versiones prefínales de los instrumentos se consideraron de fácil comprensión. Pero, los participantes sugirieron incluir la posibilidad de respuesta "no sé" y aumentar el período de recuerdo en el EBPI-E. 68 educadores participaron en la fase II. El α para EBPB-E, EBPI-E y OCRSIEP-E fue 0,88, 0,95 y 0,94 y las correlaciones elemento-total corregidas entre los ítems y la puntuación total variaron de 0,20 a 0,75, 0,59 a 0,84 y -0,06 a 0,78, respectivamente. Los hallazgos preliminares mostraron una fuerte consistencia interna. Se concluye que se necesitan otros estudios de validación con muestras más robustas para probar la confiabilidad y la validez de los instrumentos.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o português europeu “Escala de Crenças EBP para Educadores” (EBPB-E), “Escala de Implementação EBP para Educadores” (EBPI-E) e “Cultura Organizacional e Prontidão para Integração em toda a Escola de Pesquisa Prática Baseada em Evidências” para profesores (OCRSIEP-E); e fornecer dados preliminares de validação. O estudo foi realizado em duas fases: tradução e adaptação transcultural; e validação preliminar em professores de enfermagem de nove escolas de enfermagem em Portugal. As versões prefinais dos instrumentos foram consideradas fáceis de entender. Porém, os participantes sugeriram incluir a possibilidade de resposta "não sei" e aumentar o período de recall no EBPI-E. 68 educadores participaram da fase II. O α para EBPB-E, EBPI-E e OCRSIEP-E foi de 0,88, 0,95 e 0,94 e as correlações elementototal corrigidas entre os itens e a pontuação total variaram de 0,20 a 0,75, 0,59 a 0,84 e -0,06 a 0,78, respetivamente. Os resultados preliminares mostraram uma forte consistência interna. Conclui-se que outros estudos de validação com amostras mais robustas são necessários para comprovar a confiabilidade e validade dos instrumentos.

Abstract The objective of this study is to translate and culturally adapt to European Portuguese “EBP Beliefs Scale for Educators” (EBPB-E), “EBP Implementation Scale for Educators” (EBPI-E) and “Organizational Culture & Readiness for School-wide Integration of Evidence-based Practice Survey” for Educators (OCRSIEP-E); and to provide preliminary validation data. The study was carried out in two phases: translation and transcultural adaptation; and preliminary validation in nursing educators of nine nursing schools in Portugal. Pre-final versions of the instruments were considered easy to understand. But, the participants suggested including the possibility of "I don't know" response and increasing the recall period in the EBPI-E. 68 educators participated in phase II. The α for EBPB-E, EBPI-E and OCRSIEP-E was 0.88, 0.95 and 0.94 and the corrected element-total correlations between the items and the total score ranged from 0.20 to 0.75, 0.59 to 0.84 and -0.06 to 0.78, respectively. Preliminary findings showed a strong internal consistency. It is concluded that other validation studies with more robust samples are needed to prove the reliability and validity of the instruments.

Laurus nobilis L. is a large shrub belonging to the Lauracea family. Its leaves are widely used for food seasoning as well as in folk medicine. Various studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative, antifungal and antibacterial effects of Laurus nobilis, but no studies have investigated the genotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of the plant. The objective of this study was to analyze the genotoxic potential of an aqueous extract of leaves, using the Allium cepa assay and mouse peripheral blood cell micronucleus test. The results showed that the extract did not have any genotoxic activity, but cytotoxic activity was observed in the two experimental models used. The extract had an antiproliferative effect, detected through the reduction of the mitotic index and the polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocyte (PCE/NCE) ratio. The tests also demonstrated a large number of cells undergoing apoptosis and with nuclear abnormalities related to cell death processes. These results can be explained by the presence of phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids, detected in the phytochemical analysis of the extract. Therefore, the extract from L. nobilis in the form generally used by the population does not pose risks related to its genotoxic potential, and also contains components with apoptotic and antigenotoxic potential.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a composição faunística de insetos-pragas que ocorrem durante o período de vazio sanitário em restos culturais de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum) em Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram estudados os municípios de Alcinópolis, Chapadão do Sul, Costa Rica, Aral Moreira, Dourados e Sidrolândia. Utilizou-se um delineamento com duas repetições por município. Cada repetição foi composta por cem pontos aleatórios, e cada ponto correspondia a uma planta de algodão totalmente vistoriada, para contabilizar os insetos-pragas sobre ela. Realizaram-se a análise faunística e a curva de rarefação das espécies. Durante o período de avaliação, foi observado um total de 23 espécies em restos culturais de algodoeiro, sendo as com maior frequência e abundância Bemisia tabaci, Aphis gossypii, Frankliniella schultzei e Anthonomus grandis. O complexo de lagartas predominou sobre a variedade de algodoeiro não Bt em Dourados, e Chapadão do Sul foi o município com maior diversidade de espécies. Apesar de obrigatória, a destruição de soqueiras no vazio sanitário não conseguiu eliminar totalmente os insetos-pragas no ano deste estudo; dentre estes insetos-pragas, destaca-se A. grandis, que influencia a dinâmica do controle de pragas no algodoeiro.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the faunistic composition of the insect pests that occur during the fallow period in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop residues in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The study sites were the municipalities of Alcinópolis, Chapadão do Sul, Costa Rica, Aral Moreira, Dourados, and Sidrolândia. A sampling design with two replicates per municipality was used. Each replicate comprised 100 random points, and each point corresponded to a cotton plant that was entirely inspected, to count the insect pests on it. The obtained fauna was analyzed and a rarefaction curve of the species was generated. During the evaluation period, a total of 23 species were recorded in the cotton crop residue, and the most frequent and abundant were Bemisia tabaci, Aphis gossypii, Frankliniella schultzei, and Anthonomus grandis. The caterpillars were predominantly found on the non-Bt cotton crops in Dourados, and Chapadão do Sul was the municipality that exhibited the greatest species diversity. Despite being mandatory, the destruction of cotton stalks during the fallow period was not able to completely eliminate the insect pests during the study period; among these insect pests, A. grandis stands out, a species that affects the dynamics of cotton pest control.

RESUMO A adubação balanceada é fator de importância comprovada na otimização do crescimento e produtividade das culturas. Objetivou-se avaliar o fluxo de biomassa e a eficiência de uso da chuva na palma forrageira cv. Gigante, adubada com combinações de doses de nitrogênio (10; 70; 100; 130 e 190 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N) e fósforo (10; 70; 100; 130 e 190 kg ha-1 ano-1 de P2O5), nas frequências de colheita anual e bianual, nas regiões de Quixadá e Tejuçuoca, no Ceará. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Em Quixadá e Tejuçuoca, as combinações de N e P e frequências de colheita influenciaram as taxas de produções de diferentes ordens de cladódios e a eficiência de uso da chuva na palma forrageira. Em Quixadá, na colheita anual, verificou-se taxa de produção de forragem (TPF) de 10,3 kg ha-1 dia-1 na combinação N/P2O5 de 190,0/190,0 kg ha-1 ano-1 e na colheita bianual, observou-se máxima TPF de 4,6 kg ha-1 dia-1 na combinação N/P2O5 de 114,6/136,8 kg ha-1 ano-1. Em Tejuçuoca, na colheita anual, constatou-se máxima TPF de 30,0 kg ha-1 dia-1 na combinação N/P2O5 de 137,5/190,0 kg ha-1 ano-1 e na colheita bianual, registrou-se maior TPF de 38,0 kg ha-1 dia-1 na combinação N/P2O5 de 190,0/33,4 kg ha-1 ano-1. As taxas de produções de biomassa e eficiência de uso da chuva são otimizadas com o balanço de doses combinadas de nitrogênio e fósforo.

ABSTRACT Balanced fertilization is an important factor in optimizing the growth and productivity of crops. This study aimed to evaluate biomass flow and rain use efficiency in cactus pear cv. Gigante fertilized with combinations of nitrogen (10; 70; 100; 130 and 190 kg ha-1 year-1 N) and phosphorus (10; 70; 100; 130 and 190 kg ha-1 year-1 P2O5), in two harvest frequencies (annual and biennal), in the regions of Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, in Ceará. This was a split-plot randomized block design, with four replicates. In Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, the N and P combinations and harvest frequencies influenced the productions rates of different cladode orders and rain use efficiency in cactus pear. In Quixadá, in the annual harvest, the forage production rate (FPR) was 10.3 kg ha-1 day-1 in the N/P2O5 combination at 190.0/190.0 kg ha-1 year-1 and in the biennal harvest, the maximum FPR was 4.6 kg ha-1 day-1 in the N/P2O5 combination at 114.6/136.8 kg ha-1 year-1. In relation to the annual harvest in the municipality of Tejuçuoca, the maximum FPR was 30.0 kg ha-1 day-1 in the N/P2O5 combination at 137.5/190.0 kg ha-1 year-1 and in the biennal harvest, the maximum FPR observed was 38.0 kg ha-1 day-1 with the N/P2O5 combination of 190.0/33.4 kg ha-1 year-1. The biomass productions rate and rain use efficiency are optimized with the balance of combined levels of nitrogen and phosphorus.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases on genetic material and antioxidant status in professionals during their medical residency.METHODS: The study group consisted of 15 medical residents from Anesthesiology and Surgery areas, of both genders, mainly exposed to isoflurane and to a lesser degree to sevoflurane and nitrous oxide; the control group consisted of 15 young adults not exposed to anesthetics. Blood samples were drawn from professionals during medical residency (eight, 16 and 22 months of exposure to waste anesthetic gases). DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay, and antioxidant defense was assessed by total thiols and the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).RESULTS: When comparing the two groups, DNA damage was significantly increased at all time points evaluated in the exposed group; plasma thiols increased at 22 months of exposure and GPX was higher at 16 and 22 months of exposure.CONCLUSION: Young professionals exposed to waste anesthetic gases in operating rooms without adequate scavenging system have increased DNA damage and changes in redox status during medical residency. There is a need to minimize exposure to inhalation anesthetics and to provide better work conditions.

Objetivou-se avaliar, através da biometria, os cascos dos membros anteriores de equinos participantes de provas de Hipismo Clássico, Tambor, Laço Comprido e Pólo. Em cada modalidade foram avaliados 30 indivíduos totalizando 120 animais. As mensurações lineares (cm) incluíram o comprimento dorsal da pinça, comprimentos lateral e medial dos quartos, altura medial e lateral dos quartos, comprimento lateral e medial dos talões, alturas lateral e medial dos talões, comprimento do casco, largura do casco, comprimento da ranilha, largura da ranilha, e as angulares (graus) foram relativas ao ângulo do casco medido pela pinça (podogoniometria), ângulo da quartela, ângulo dos talões, ângulo das paletas. O comprimento da ferradura, circunferência da coroa do casco e peso corporal também foram avaliados. Através da biometria do casco foi possível avaliar os desequilíbrios do membro anterior de animais atletas e os mais comuns foram: quebra do eixo podal, com 96,7% dos animais apresentando essa alteração no membro torácico direito (MTD) e 95,8% no membro torácico esquerdo (MTE); talões contraídos com 95,0% no MTD e 87,6% no MTE. A modalidade com os maiores desequilíbrios foi a de Laço Comprido, seguida pelos animais de Tambor. Foi encontrada uma alta frequência de desequilíbrio médio lateral em todas as modalidades desportivas. Conclui-se que animais utilizados em provas funcionais apresentam uma alta incidência de desequilíbrios podal nos membros torácicos.

This study aimed to evaluate, through biometry, the forelimb hoof of horses participating in show jumping, barrel, long rope and polo competitions. Thirty subjects were assessed in relation to each competition (total of 120 animals). The linear measurements (cm) included the dorsal length of the toe; medial and lateral lengths of the quarter; medial and lateral heights of the quarter; lateral and medial lengths of the heel; medial and lateral heights of the heel; hoof length; hoof width; frog length; and frog width. The following angles (°) were measured: toe angle, pastern angle, heel angle and shoulder palette. The length of the horseshoe, coronet circumference and body weight were also assessed. With the use of hoof biometric evaluation was possible to identify the imbalances of forelimb in athletic horses and the most common were broken-backward hoof angle, with 96.7% of the animals showing this in the right forelimb (RFL) and 95.8% in the left forelimb (LFL); and contracted heels, with 95.0% in the RFL and 87.6% in the LFL. The competition type in which greatest numbers of hoof balance abnormalities were shown was the long rope, followed by the barrel. There were high frequencies of medial/lateral imbalance in all the sports. We conclude that animals used in functional tests have a high incidence of hoof balance abnormalities in the forelimbs.