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Resumo Em condições de estresse salino, o crescimento das plantas é reduzido, em virtude, do desequilíbrio osmótico, nutricional e oxidativo. Contudo, o ácido salicílico atua na mitigação desse estresse abiótico por promover incremento no crescimento, fotossíntese, metabolismo do nitrogênio, síntese de osmorreguladores e enzimas antioxidantes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de ácido salicílico sobre o crescimento e alterações fisiológicas de mudas de berinjela sob estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, onde os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso utilizando uma matriz composta central Box com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa) (0,50; 1,08; 2,50; 3,92 e 4,50 dS m-1), associada a cinco doses de ácido salicílico (AS) (0,00; 0,22; 0,75; 1,28 e 1,50 mM), com quatro repetições e cada parcela composta por três plantas. Aos 40 dias após a semeadura, foram determinados a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, vazamento de eletrólito, teor relativo de água e massa seca total. A CEa e a aplicação de AS influenciaram no crescimento e nas alterações fisiológicas das mudas de berinjela. O aumento da CEa reduziu o crescimento na ausência de AS. O dano de membrana com o uso de AS manteve-se estável até 3,9 dS m-1 de CEa. O conteúdo relativo de água independentemente da CEa aumentou com 1 mM de SA. O uso de AS na concentração de 1 mM mitigou o efeito deletério da salinidade no crescimento das mudas até 2,50 dS m-1 de CEa.

Abstract Under salt stress conditions, plant growth is reduced due to osmotic, nutritional and oxidative imbalance. However, salicylic acid acts in the mitigation of this abiotic stress by promoting an increase in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of osmoregulators and antioxidant enzymes. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid doses on the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the treatments were distributed in randomized blocks using a central composite matrix Box with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (CEw) (0.50; 1.08; 2.50; 3.92 and 4.50 dS m-1), associated with five doses of salicylic acid (SA) (0.00; 0.22; 0.75; 1.28 and 1.50 mM), with four repetitions and each plot composed of three plants. At 40 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, and total dry mass were determined. ECw and SA application influenced the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings. Increasing the ECw reduced growth in the absence of SA. Membrane damage with the use of SA remained stable up to 3.9 dS m-1 of ECw. The relative water content independent of the CEw increased with 1.0 mM of SA. The use of SA at the concentration of 1.0 mM mitigated the deleterious effect of salinity on seedling growth up to 2.50 dS m-1 of ECw.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.257739

Positive relationships between insects and negative with spiders on Acacia auriculiformis (Fabaceae) plants in the savannah biome and their distribution pattern
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Teixeira, D. L.

; Leite, G. L. D.

; Silva, L. F.

; Veloso, R. V. S.

; Silva, R. S.

; Guanabens, P. F. S.

; Silva, W. M.

; Silva Junior, A. S. P.

; Munhoz, E. J. M. M.

; Gomes, J. B.

; Zanuncio, J. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e260721

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A restauração florestal é baseada nas relações planta-solo e espécies vegetais com potencial econômico, mas aquelas entre insetos e outros artópodes são, também, importantes para esse processo. O objetivo foi avaliar as relações entre formigas, fitófagos Hemiptera e predadores e a distribuição (agregada, aleatória ou regular) de artrópodes, por 24 meses, em mudas de Acacia auriculiformis utilizadas na recuperação de áreas degradadas. Os artrópodes foram amostrados, armazenados e identificados e suas relações e padrões de distribuição calculados com o software BioDiversity-Pro. Os números de formigas cuidadoras se correlacionaram, positivamente, com os dos Hemiptera fitófagos Aethalion reticulatum, Brachymyrmex sp. e Cephalotes e Aleyrodidae. Insetos cuidadores de Hemiptera foram, negativamente, correlacionados com predadores Sternorrhyncha em plantas de A. auriculiformis. A distribuição dos artrópodes foi agregada, exceto Teudis sp. e Cephalocoema sp., com padrão aleatório. Aethalion reticulatum, Stereoma anchoralis e Tetragonisca angustula foram os herbívoros e Brachymyrmex sp. e Dolichopodidae os predadores mais abundantes. As relações entre os artrópodes estudados em A. auriculiformis indicam que esta planta, mesmo introduzida, é adequada para programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas no cerrado.

Abstract Forest restoration is mainly based on plant-soil relationships and plant species with economic potential, but those between insects and other arthropods are also important to this reestablishment. The objective was to evaluate, during 24 months, the relationships between tending ants, Hemiptera phytophagous, predators and their distribution pattern (aggregated, random or uniform). The arthropods were sampled, stored and identified and their relationships and distribution patterns calculated with the BioDiversity-Pro software. The number of tending ants and phytophagous Hemiptera, Brachymyrmex sp. and Aethalion reticulatum, Cephalotes and Aleyrodidae were positively correlated. Tending ants were negatively correlated with Sternorrhyncha predators on A. auriculiformis saplings. The distribution of arthropods was aggregated, except for Teudis sp. and Cephalocoema sp., with a random pattern. The herbivores Stereoma anchoralis, Aethalion reticulatum and Tetragonisca angustula and the predators Brachymyrmex sp. and Dolichopodidae were the most abundant arthropods. The relationships between the arthropods studied on A. auriculiformis indicate that this plant, even introduced, is suitable for programs to recover degraded areas in the savannah.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.260721

Spatio-temporal analysis of the visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil
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Ferreira, J. R. S.

; Silva, K. M.

; Cavalcanti, M. G. S.

; Ferreira-Júnior, G. C.

; Souza, E. C.

; Magalhães, P. K. A.

; Gomes, D. C. S.

; Fonseca, S. A.

; Maranhão, T. L. G. Q.

; Rocha, M. A. N.

; Nascimento, C. M. A.

; Lima, R. F.

; Alves, L. C.

; Brayner, F. A.

; Costa, J. G. da

; Matos-Rocha, T. J.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e253098

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença tropical negligenciada. Foram avaliadas a distribuição espacial dos casos de leishmaniose visceral no estado de Alagoas. Todos os casos de LV, registrados pela secretaria de saúde, foram analisados e georreferenciados. Entre 2008 e 2017, 97,1% dos municípios apresentaram classificação esporádica de transmissão. Com a evolução temporal, a incidência de casos de leishmaniose visceral se concentrou na maioria dos municípios da microrregião de Santana do Ipanema-AL. A análise espaço-tempo, se considerada, pode promover o aprimoramento das ações de vigilância e controle da leishmaniose visceral.

Abstract Visceral leishmaniosis is a neglected tropical disease. We evaluated the spatial distribution of cases of visceral leishmaniosis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. All cases of VL, registered by the health department, were analyzed and georeferenced. Results: Between 2008 and 2017, 97.1% of the municipalities presented sporadic classification of transmission. With temporal evolution, the incidence of cases of visceral leishmaniosis was concentrated in most municipalities in the microregion of Santana do Ipanema-AL. Space-time analysis, if considered, may promote the improvement of surveillance and control actions of visceral leishmaniosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253098

Amazonian Fruit Mari-Mari (Cassia leiandra Benth.): Identification of Flavonoids and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Properties
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Souza, Mayane P. de

; Sá, Ingrity Suelen C.

; Freitas, Flávio Augusto de

; Souza, Afonso D. L. de

; Nunomura, Sergio M.

; Muniz, Magno P.

; Pereira, Ana Paula R.

; Augusto, Bianca O.

; Gomes, Giovana B.

; Perdomo, Renata T.

; Macedo, Maria Lígia R.

; Weber, Simone S.

; Nunomura, Rita de Cassia S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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mar 2023, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 325 - 332

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Mari-mari (Cassia leiandra Benth.) is an Amazonian native fruit that is highly appreciated in the northern region of Brazil, but there are few studies regarding its chemical composition and/or biological properties. A phytochemical study was conducted on the extracts of the pulp, peel and seeds; and their antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential were also determined. Methanol and acetone extracts from different fruit parts were subjected to total phenolic, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and FeIII reducing capacity (FRAP) assays. From the peel extracts, the engeletin and astilbin could also be isolated and characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. A quantification using ultra-fast liquid chromatography of acetone dry crude extracts (DCE) of the peel showed that engeletin was the main compound (532.77 mg g-1 DCE). Astilbin content was also determined (131.53 mg g-1 DCE). The antibacterial and antiproliferative activities were evaluated and the methanol extract of the peel showed higher growth inhibition activity against all tested bacteria. Engeletin showed a relevant antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Acetone and methanol peel extracts exhibited a relevant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), with no toxicity to the normal cell line (NIH/3T3).

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220111

Toxicity and larvicidal activity on Aedes aegypti of citronella essential oil submitted to enzymatic esterification
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Cansian, R. L.

; Staudt, A.

; Bernardi, J. L.

; Puton, B. M. S.

; Oliveira, D.

; de Oliveira, J. V.

; Gomes, A. C. C.

; Andrade, B. C. O. P.

; Leal, I. C. R.

; Simas, N. K.

; Zeni, J.

; Jungues, A.

; Dallago, R. M.

; Backes, G. T.

; Paroul, N.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e244647

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O óleo essencial de citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus) possui diversas atividades biológicas, entre elas a ação repelente a insetos. Alguns estudos mostraram que os ésteres do ácido cinâmico podem ser aplicados como pesticidas naturais, inseticidas e fungicidas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a produção de ésteres a partir do óleo essencial de citronela com ácido cinâmico via esterificação enzimática. Além disso, foi investigada a toxicidade do óleo essencial antes e após a esterificação contra Artemia salina e a ação larvicida sobre Aedes aegypti. Os ésteres foram produzidos utilizando ácido cinâmico como agente acilante e óleo essencial de citronela (3: 1) em heptano e 15% em peso da enzima NS 88011 como biocatalisadores, a 70 ° C e 150 rpm. As taxas de conversão de cinamatos de citronelil e geranil foram 58,7 e 69,0% para NS 88011, respectivamente. Para a toxicidade sobre Artemia salina foram obtidos CL50 de 5,29 μg mL-1 para o óleo essencial e 4,36 μg mL-1 para os óleos esterificados com NS 88011. Na atividade inseticida contra larvas de Aedes aegypti, obteve-se CL50 de 111,84 μg mL-1 para o óleo essencial de citronela e 86,30 μg mL-1 para os óleos esterificados com a enzima NS 88011, indicando alta toxicidade dos ésteres. Os resultados demonstraram que as amostras avaliadas apresentam potencial de aplicação como bioinseticida.

Abstract The essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) has several biological activities, among them the insect repellent action. Some studies showed that cinnamic acid esters can be applied as natural pesticides, insecticides and fungicides. In this context, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the production of esters from citronella essential oil with cinnamic acid via enzymatic esterification. Besides, the essential oil toxicity before and after esterification against Artemia salina and larvicidal action on Aedes aegypti was investigated. Esters were produced using cinnamic acid as the acylating agent and citronella essential oil (3:1) in heptane and 15 wt% NS 88011 enzyme as biocatalysts, at 70 °C and 150 rpm. Conversion rates of citronellyl and geranyl cinnamates were 58.7 and 69.0% for NS 88011, respectively. For the toxicity to Artemia salina LC50 results of 5.29 μg mL-1 were obtained for the essential oil and 4.36 μg mL-1 for the esterified oils obtained with NS 88011. In the insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, was obtained LC50 of 111.84 μg mL-1 for the essential oil of citronella and 86.30 μg mL-1 for the esterified oils obtained with the enzyme NS 88011, indicating high toxicity of the esters. The results demonstrated that the evaluated samples present potential of application as bioinsecticide.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244647 362 downloads

Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of the Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
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Neri, T. S.

; Silva, K. W. L.

; Maior, L. P. S.

; Oliveira-Silva, S. K.

; Azevedo, P. V. M.

; Gomes, D. C. S.

; Souza, M. A.

; Pavão, J. M. S. J.

; Costa, J. G.

; Cunha, A. L.

; Ferreira-Júnior, G. C.

; Matos-Rocha, T. J.

; Santos, A. F.

; Fonseca, S. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e236649

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg., pertencente à família Euphorbiaceae, conhecida popularmente como marmeleiro prateado e sacatinga, é um vegetal do bioma caatinga comumente encontrado no Nordeste do Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidante da espécie. O estudo fitoquímico foi realizado por meio de análise qualitativa dos constituintes químicos e determinação quantitativa do teor de fenóis totais pelo teste de Folin-Ciocalteu. Os testes antioxidantes qualitativos e quantitativos foram realizados pelo método do DPPH (2,2 difenil-1- picril-hidrazila) e redução do ferro (FRAP). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi determinada por microdiluição em placas de 96 poços. O extrato etanólico das folhas de C. argyrophylloides apresentou ação antioxidante no teste DPPH quantitativo com uma significativa bioatividade de 84.70 AAO% em 500 µg/mL, apresentando um CE50 de 236.79. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais, foi de 946,06 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/g de amostra, e de flavonoides totais de 58,11 mg equivalentes de quercetina/g da amostra, o valor encontrado para FRAP foi de 15294,44 µM Trolox/g da amostra e de ABTS foi 718 μM Trolox da amostra. A prospecção dos constituintes químicos das folhas de C. argyrophylloides revelou a presença dos principais compostos que caracterizam a atividade antioxidante e foi possível comprovar pelo método de DPPH que há atividade antioxidante na amostra analisada, além de demonstrar um resultado significativo de teor de compostos fenólicos e teor de flavonoides totais na espécie e o que corrobora com a atividade antioxidante da amostra vegetal. Os extratos das folhas apresentaram halos de inibição de crescimento de 10 e 12mm frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

Abstract Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg., from the Euphorbiaceae family, popularly known as marmeleiro prateado or sacatinga, is a plant from the Caatinga biome commonly found in Brazil’s northeastern region. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the species. The phytochemical study was performed through qualitative analysis of chemical constituents and quantitative determination of the total phenol content through the Folin-Ciocalteu test. The qualitative and quantitative antioxidant tests were performed using the DPPH method (2.2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazil) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution in 96-well plates. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. argyrophylloides manifested antioxidant action in the quantitative DPPH test with a significant bioactivity of 84.70 AAO% in 500 µg/mL, with an EC50 of 236.79. The content of total phenolic compounds was 946.06 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample, and total flavonoids was 58.11 mg of quercetin equivalents/g of sample, the result obtained for FRAP was 15294.44 µM Trolox/g of sample and ABTS was 718 μM Trolox of sample. The prospecting of the chemical constituents of the leaves of C. argyrophylloides revealed the presence of the main compounds that manifests the antioxidant activity and it was proven by the DPPH method that there is antioxidant activity in the analyzed sample, in addition to demonstrating a significant content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content in the species, which corroborates the antioxidant activity of the plant sample. The leaf extracts presented growth inhibition halos of 10 and 12 mm upon Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.236649 130 downloads

How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity
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Machado, Fabrizio M.

; Miranda, Marcel S.

; Salvador, Rodrigo B.

; Pimenta, Alexandre D.

; Côrtes, Mariana O.

; Gomes, Jaime A.J.

; Miyahira, Igor C.

; Agudo-Padrón, Ignacio

; Oliveira, Cléo D.C.

; Caetano, Carlos H.S.

; Coelho, Paulo R.S.

; D’Ávila, Sthefane

; Arruda, Eliane P. de

; Almeida, Sérgio M. de

; Gomes, Suzete R.

; Alvim, Juliana

; Galvão-Filho, Hilton

; L. Ferreira-Júnior, Augusto

; Marques, Rodrigo C.

; Martins, Inês

; Souza, Leonardo S. de

; Arruda, Janine O.

; Cavallari, Daniel C.

; Santos, Sonia B. dos

; Pedro, Natan C.

; Salles, Anna C. de A.

; Dornellas, Ana P.S.

; Lima, Tarcilla C. de

; Amaral, Vanessa S. do

; Silva, Fernanda S.

; Passos, Flávio D.

; Thiengo, Silvana S.

; Leite, Tatiana S.

; Simone, Luiz R.L.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2023, Volume 40 elocation e23026

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Histology and histochemistry of the accessory gland of the female reproductive tract of Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
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Gomes, D. S.

; Oliveira, C. J. F.

; Costa, T. M. C.

; Rueda, A. Plata

; Zanuncio, J. C.

; Serrão, J. E.

; Souza, E. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e271913

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Rhodnius neglectus is a wild triatomine, vector of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas’ disease, and feeds on the blood of small mammals, being essential for its growth and reproduction. Accessory glands of the female reproductive tract are important in insect reproduction, but their anatomy and histology in R. neglectus are poorly studied. The aim of this work was to describe the histology and histochemistry of the accessory gland of the female reproductive tract of R. neglectus. The reproductive tract of five females of R. neglectus was dissected and the accessory glands transferred to Zamboni's fixative solution, dehydrated in a crescent series of ethanol, embedded in historesin, sectioned at 2 µm thick, stained with toluidine blue for histological analysis or mercury bromophenol blue for detection of total proteins. The accessory gland R. neglectus is tubular, without branches, opening in the dorsal region of the vagina and differing along its length in proximal and distal regions. In the proximal region, the gland is lined by the cuticle with a layer of columnar cells associated with muscle fibers. In the distal region of the gland, the epithelium has spherical secretory cells with terminal apparatus and conducting canaliculi opening in the lumen through pores in the cuticle. Proteins were identified in the gland lumen, terminal apparatus, nucleus and cytoplasm of secretory cells. The histology of the R. neglectus gland is similar to that found in other species of this genus, but with variations in the shape and size of its distal region.

Resumo Rhodnius neglectus é um triatomíneo silvestre, vetor do protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi, causador da doença de Chagas. Este inseto se alimenta do sangue de pequenos mamíferos, que é essencial para o seu crescimento e reprodução. As glândulas acessórias do sistema reprodutor feminino são importantes na reprodução de insetos, mas sua anatomia e histologia em R. neglectus são pouco conhecidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a histologia e histoquímica da glândula acessória do aparelho reprodutor feminino de R. neglectus. O sistema reprodutor de cinco fêmeas de R. neglectus foi dissecado e as glândulas acessórias transferidas para solução fixadora de Zamboni, desidratadas em série crescente de etanol, embebidas em historesina, seccionadas com 2 µm de espessura, coradas com azul de toluidina para análise histológica ou submetidas ao teste de mercúrio-bromofenol para detecção de proteínas totais. O sistema reprodutor de R. neglectus tem uma glândula acessória tubular, sem ramificações, abrindo-se na região dorsal da vagina, sendo diferenciada em regiões proximal e distal. Na região proximal, a glândula é revestida internamente pela cutícula com uma camada de células colunares associadas a fibras musculares. Na região distal ocorrem células secretoras esféricas com aparato terminal e canalículos condutores que se abrem no lúmen da glândula através de poros na cutícula. O teste histoquímico revelou a presença de proteínas no lúmen da glândula e no aparato terminal, núcleo e citoplasma das células secretoras. A histologia da glândula de R. neglectus é semelhante à das espécies desse gênero, mas com variações na forma e no tamanho de sua região distal.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.271913

Pathogens and microorganisms in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar cultivated in an estuarine environment in Northeast Brazil
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Mendes, D. C. S.

; Rodrigues, D. T. A.

; Gomes, H. M.

; Lenz, T. M.

; Silva, C. M.

; Antonio, I. G.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e272789

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Estuaries are important ecosystems due to the ecological services they provide, acting as nurseries for many species of fish and invertebrates, and are also used as environments for the extraction and cultivation of mollusks. Oysters are animals that filter water to obtain oxygen and nutrients. In this process, they can bioaccumulate microorganisms and chemical substances in their tissues. The growth of mollusk culture in Northeastern Brazil requires the health identification of cultivated oysters through the quantification of the potentially harmful microbiota accumulated in the animals. Therefore, the present work aims to quantify and identify bacteria and possible pathogens found in the tissues of cultivated oysters and their culture waters. The Most Probable Number of Coliforms (MPN) in oysters and water were considered suitable according to the Brazilian current legislation, Vibrio sp. obtained low colonization and Salmonella sp. was not observed. The prevalence of microorganisms potentially pathogenic to oysters was 33.7%, highlighting metazoans and Nematopsis sp., however, the intensity of the infestation of these organisms was moderate. The low contamination of oysters demonstrates that this culture environment is promising for this activity. However, continuous environmental and sanitary monitoring is fundamental to guarantee the safety of the culture waters and the sustainability of aquaculture activities.

Resumo Os estuários são ecossistemas importantes devido a serviços ecológicos que fornecem, os quais conferem a função de berçário para muitas espécies de peixes e invertebrados, e também são utilizados como ambientes de extração e cultivo de moluscos. As ostras são animais que filtram a água para obtenção de oxigênio e nutrientes. Nesse processo podem bioacumular microorganismos e substâncias químicas em seus tecidos. O crescimento da malacocultura no Nordeste do Brasil fomenta a necessidade de identificar a sanidade das ostras cultivadas através da quantificação da microbiota potencialmente nociva acumulada nos animais. Portanto o presente trabalho visa quantificar e identificar bactérias e possíveis patógenos encontrados nos tecidos dos moluscos cultivados e nas suas águas de cultivo. O Número mais Provável de Coliformes (NMP) nas ostras e na água foram considerados próprios segundo as legislações vigentes, Vibrio sp. obteve baixa colonização e Salmonella sp. não foi observada. A prevalência de microorganismos potencialmente patógenos para as ostras foi de 33,7%, destacando como mais prevalentes os metazoários e Nematopsis sp., porém a intensidade da infestação desses organismos foi moderada. A baixa contaminação das ostras demonstra que este ambiente de cultivo é promissor para esta atividade. No entanto, o contínuo monitoramento ambiental e sanitário é fundamental para garantir a inocuidade das águas de cultivo e a sustentabilidade das atividades aquícolas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.272789

10.

Fungal identification in the air and water of a hemodialysis unit in Brazil
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Calumby, R. J. N.

; Onofre-Cordeiro, N. A.

; Silva, K. W. L.

; Gomes, D. C. S.

; Moreira, R. T. F.

; Araújo, M. A. S.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275136

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The presence of fungi in healthcare settings, including hemodialysis units, represents a significant risk for immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of fungi in the air and water of a hemodialysis unit located in a tertiary public hospital in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Over a period of three consecutive months, monthly air samples were collected and analyzed using the spontaneous sedimentation technique on Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Simultaneously, water samples (100 mL) were collected from four specific water distribution points and subjected plating on SDA. Fungi were phenotypically identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. In total, 498 colony-forming units (CFUs) of fungi were isolated, with 86 CFUs originating from the air and 412 CFUs from the water. Regarding the water samples, a higher concentration of fungal CFUs was observed in the potable water from the supply network (229 CFUs). Unexpectedly, 23 CFUs were identified in the reverse osmosis samples and 11 CFUs in the storage tank, which are post-treatment points where the presence of microorganisms is not desired. The fungus Cladosporium spp. was the most prevalent in both air and water samples, followed by Penicillium spp. in the air and Rhodotorula spp. in the water. These findings underscore the need to implement effective control and monitoring measures for fungi in the hemodialysis unit to ensure patient safety.

Resumo A presença de fungos em ambientes de saúde, incluindo unidades de hemodiálise, representa um risco significativo para pacientes imunocomprometidos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de fungos presentes no ar e na água de uma unidade de hemodiálise localizada em um hospital público terciário na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Ao longo de três meses consecutivos, amostras mensais de ar foram coletadas e analisadas por meio da técnica de sedimentação espontânea em placas de Petri contendo Ágar Sabouraud Dextrose (ASD). Paralelamente, amostras de água (100 mL) foram coletadas em quatro pontos específicos de distribuição de água e submetidas ao plaqueamento por esgotamento em meio ASD. Os fungos foram identificados fenotipicamente por meio de associação de suas características macroscópicas e microscópicas. No total, foram isoladas 498 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de fungos, sendo 86 UFC provenientes do ar e 412 UFC da água. Em relação à água, observou-se uma maior concentração de UFC de fungos na água potável proveniente da rede de abastecimento (229 UFC). Inesperadamente, foram identificados 23 UFC nas amostras da osmose reversa e 11 UFC no reservatório de armazenamento, pontos de pós-tratamento nos quais a presença de microrganismos não é desejada. O fungo Cladosporium spp. foi o mais prevalente tanto no ar quanto na água, seguido por Penicillium spp. no ar e Rhodotorula spp. na água. Esses achados enfatizam a necessidade de implementar medidas eficazes de controle e monitoramento de fungos na unidade de hemodiálise, visando garantir a segurança dos pacientes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275136

11.

A long fruiting series of Myrcia neoregeliana (Myrtaceae) shows the maintenance of seasonal resource supplies for dispersal by birds Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae
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Gomes, M. T. D.

; Bezerra-Silva, A.

; Morais, D. B. B. A.

; Souza, I. P.

; Lobo, L. S.

; Oliveira, J. C. de

; Menezes, I. S.

; Fonseca, R. B. S.

; Moraes, A. C. S.

; Moura, A. C.

; Funch, L. S.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275839

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275839

12.

Bioactivity of plant extracts from caatinga on cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
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Gomes, Camile D. L.

; Sá, Jolinda M. de

; Godoy, Maurício S. de

; Molina-Rugama, Adrian J.

; Oliveira, Luciano L. de

; Pastori, Patrik L.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jul 2022, Volume 26 N. 7 Pages 541 - 546

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) é uma cultura econômica e nutricionalmente importante. No entanto, o feijão-caupi está sujeito ao ataque de insetos-praga que reduzem a qualidade e o valor nutricional dos grãos durante o armazenamento. O uso de produtos à base de plantas como alternativa de controle de insetos-praga tem-se destacado por sua baixa toxicidade ao ambiente e a saúde humana. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a bioatividade de diferentes extratos vegetais sobre o caruncho-do-feijão (Callosobruchus maculatus). O delineamento inteiramente casualizado foi adotado, com sete tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por seis extratos vegetais Morus nigra, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Dysphania ambrosioides, Moringa oleifera, Ziziphus joazeiro e Licania rigida) e solução salina (NaCl) 0,15 M como controle. A probabilidade de sobrevivência, oviposição e emergência de adultos foram avaliadas. Os extratos vegetais apresentaram efeitos diferentes sobre o C. maculatus, sendo o extrato de D. ambrosioides o mais letal para o caruncho do feijão. Os extratos de A. macrocarpa e D. ambrosioides mostraram repelência ao caruncho-do-feijão. Os extratos de A. macrocarpa, D. ambroisoides, Z. joazeiro e L. rigida interferiram na oviposição das fêmeas; e os extratos de M. oleifera e Z. joazeiro diminuíram a emergência de machos e de fêmeas de C. maculatus.

ABSTRACT Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an economically and nutritionally important crop. However, cowpeas are subject to attack by insect pests that reduce the quality and nutritional value of the grains during storage. The use of plant-based products as an alternative control of insect pests has been highlighted for their low toxicity on the environment and human health. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of different plant extracts on the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus). A completely randomized design was adopted with seven treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of extracts from six plants, namely Morus nigra, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Dysphania ambrosioides, Moringa oleifera, Ziziphus joazeiro, and Licania rigida and saline solution (NaCl) 0.15 M as control. Survival probability, oviposition, and adult emergence were evaluated. The plant extracts showed different effects on C. maculatus, with D. ambrosioides extract being the most lethal to the bean weevil. A. macrocarpa and D. ambrosioides extracts showed repellency against the cowpea weevil; A. macrocarpa, D. ambroisoides, Z. joazeiro, and L. rigida extracts interfered with the oviposition of females; and M. oleifera and Z. joazeiro extracts decreased the emergence of male and female C. maculatus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n7p541-546

13.

Health Professionals and the Dynamics of COVID-19 in Manaus during the First Wave
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BASSANEZI, R. C.

; TAKAHASHI, L. T.

; SOARES, A. L. O.

; LUIZ, M. H. R.

; SOUZA, S. D. DE

; GOMES, D. F.

Trends in Computational and Applied Mathematics

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jul 2022, Volume 23 N. 3 Pages 499 - 513

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT A model is made for the dynamics of the transmission of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which caused the COVID-19 pandemic. This model is based on the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered model with heterogeneity in the susceptible population and in the infectious population. The susceptible population is divided into two subpopulations: individuals who are health professionals and individuals who are not. The infectious population is also divided into two subpopulations: individuals who are hospitalized and individuals who are not. A qualitative analysis of the theoretical model is performed, as well as simulations with official data regarding COVID-19 in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, which corroborate the profile of the solution curves defined by the model.

https://doi.org/10.5540/tcam.2022.023.03.00499

14.

Evaluation of Structure, Heterogeneities, Thickness and Corrosion Protection of Electrodeposited Sol-Gel Superhydrophobic Coatings
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Leoni, Gabriel B.

; Freitas, Denise S. de

; Gomes, José A. P. da C.

; Brasil, Simone L. D. C.

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 Suppl. 1 elocation e20210460

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The present work evaluated the structure and heterogeneities, surface chemistry, hydrophobicity level, and corrosion protection in a saline environment of electrodeposited sol-gel superhydrophobic coatings on carbon steel, using microscopy techniques, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), water contact angle measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, the effect of silane precursor concentration on the aforementioned response variables was tested. Regarding the structure, results point out rough deposits composed of two layers with different properties and thicknesses, and preferential deposition on the top area of the carbon steel coupon. Elemental mapping proved the chemical stability of the film in NaCl 3.5%wt., while increasing the amounts of silane precursor up to 40 mmol showed also increased results for water contact angle (157o), impedance modulus at 0.01 Hz (107 Ohm.cm2), and film thickness (70 µm). However, the addition of greater amounts resulted in miscibility issues in the hydrolysis solution.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0460

15.

Proposal of a Novel Criteria for Soil Corrosivity Evaluation and the Development of New Soil Synthetic Solutions for Laboratory Investigations
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Giarola, J. M.

; Santos, B. A. F.

; Souza, R. C.

; Serenario, M. E. D.

; Martelli, P. B.

; Souza, E. A.

; Gomes, J. A. C. P.

; Bueno, A. H. S.

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e20210521

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract A novel method to classify the aggressiveness of soil considering its physicochemical content and the development of new synthetic solutions for lab uses is proposed. The results showed that the main criteria existing in the literature for soil corrosivity classification might cause misunderstandings about the real aggressiveness. The synthetic solutions proposed aim to cover a wide range of soil found worldwide in order to refine the assessment of their characteristics hence their corrosivity. For the lab experiments, an API 5L X65 pipeline carbon steel was used. The solutions presented great reliability, and they seemed to be adequate to simulate soils with the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), chloride, and high pH.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0521

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