ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze and compare intrinsic and extrinsic factors that cause falls among women receiving treatment for osteoporosis. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study of women ≥50 years receiving treatment for osteoporosis. Participants filled out questionnaires (demographic characteristics), and researchers took anthropometric measurements of bone mineral density, handgrip strength (HGS), ankle range of motion (ROM), and gait speed (GS). We also evaluated the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (SST), and Falls Efficacy Scale–International (FES-I) and investigated the extrinsic factors for falls. Results: We included 144 participants (71.6 [8.3 years]), who reported 133 falls. We classified participants into a non-faller group (NFG; 0 falls, n = 71, 49.5%), a faller group (FG; 1 fall, n = 42, 28.9%), and a recurrent-faller group (RFG; more than 1 fall, n = 31, 21.5%). Most patients had an increased risk of falling according to the TUGT, SST, reduced ankle ROM, and GS (P < .005 for all). FES-I was associated with sporadic and recurrent falls. For the multivariate analysis, the number of falls was influenced by the presence of ramps (RR 0.48, 95% CI, 0.26-0.87, P = .015), uneven surfaces (RR 1.6, 95% CI. 1.05-2.43, P = .028), and antislippery adhesive on stairs (RR 2.75, 95% CI, 1.77-4.28, P < .001). Conclusion: Patients receiving treatment for osteoporosis are influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that cause falls. Lower-limb strength and power-discriminated participants at a higher risk of falls, but extrinsic factors varied. Only uneven floors and antislippery adhesives on stairs were associated with increased frequency of falls.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir para o português brasileiro e realizar adaptação transcultural do questionário “Injury Report Form for Rugby Union”. Métodos: Estudo transversal, nível de evidência II, etapas seguidas: tradução; síntese; retrotradução; revisão pelo comitê de especialistas e versão pré-final; pré-teste para verificar a compreensão; elaboração da versão final do instrumento e aplicação clínica. Resultados: No processo de tradução e adaptação as duas versões não apresentaram grandes diferenças entre si. A versão pré-final foi preenchida por 23 jogadores de rugby do sexo masculino, três questões não foram compreendidas por 40%, 27% e 82,5% dos jogadores, respectivamente, convocando-se nova reunião com o comitê multidisciplinar de especialistas. As modificações foram realizadas, sendo necessária nova aplicação. A nova versão foi preenchida por 25 jogadores de rugby do sexo masculino, com idade entre 29,44± 5,90 anos; sendo que 56% possuíam nível de escolaridade superior completo; finalizando o processo de adaptação transcultural. Conclusão: O questionário “Formulário para Notificação/Avaliação de Lesão em Jogadores de Rugby” foi traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente para o português brasileiro. Nível de Evidência II, Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate into Brazilian Portuguese and conduct the cross-cultural adaptation of the “Injury Report Form for Rugby Union” questionnaire. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, level of evidence II, with following the steps: translation; synthesis; back-translation; review by a committee of experts and pre-final version; pre-test to verify comprehension; elaboration of the final version of the instrument and clinical application. Results: The two versions resulting from the translation and adaptation process did not show great differences. The pre-final version was filled by 23 male rugby players; three questions were not understood by 40%, 27% and 82.5% of the players, respectively, which required a new meeting with a multidisciplinary committee of experts. The modifications were made, requiring then a new application. The new version was filled by 25 male rugby players, aged 29.44 ± 5.90 years; of which 56% had complete higher education; finalizing the process of cross-cultural adaptation. Conclusion: The questionnaire “Formulário para Notificação/Avaliação de Lesão em Jogadores de Rugby” was translated and transculturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. Level of Evidence II, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stretching and therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) on desmin and laminin contents of rat muscle after contusion. Male Wistar rats (n = 35, 8-9 weeks of age, 271 ± 14g body weight) were divided into five groups: Control group (CG) (n= 03); Injured group (IG) (n= 8); Injured + ultrasound group (IUSG) (n= 8); Injured+stretching group (ISG) (n= 8); Injured +ultrasound + stretching group (IUSSG) (n= 8). The application of ultrasound started 72 hours after the contusion, using the 50 % pulsed mode, 0.5 W/cm2, 5 min, once a day, for five consecutive days. Passive manual stretching was started on the tenth day after injury, with four repetitions of 30 s each and 30 s rest between repetitions, once a day, five times per week, for a total of ten applications. After 22 days, the rats were euthanazied and the gastrocnemius of both limbs removed for desmin and laminin immunohistochemistry morphometric measurement. Analysis was conducted using ANOVA one way post-hoc Tukey to parametric data and Kruskall-Wallis for non-parametric data. The IUSSG animals showed a larger area of desmin than ISG (p<0.05). It was found a decrease in laminin comparing IUSG to IG. However, laminin area was higher in ISG than all groups (p<0.05). UST isolated or in combination with stretching influenced gastrocnemius regeneration in different manners. While stretching applied isolated enhanced gastrocnemius regeneration noticed by the increase in laminin area, in combination with TUS strengthened the muscle healing rising desmin area.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos del estiramiento y la ecografía en los contenidos de desmina y laminina del músculo de rata después de la lesión. Ratas Wistar macho (n = 35, 8-9 semanas de edad, 271 ± 14 g de peso corporal) se dividieron en cinco grupos: grupo de control (CG) (n = 03); Grupo lesionado (GL) (n = 8); Lesionado + grupo de ultrasonido (LGU) (n= 8); Lesionado + grupo de estiramiento (LGE) (n = 8); Lesionado + ultrasonido + grupo de estiramiento (LUGE) (n = 8). La aplicación de ultrasonido comenzó 72 horas después de la lesión, usando el modo pulsado al 50 %, 0,5W / cm2, 5 min, una vez al día, durante cinco días consecutivos. El estiramiento manual pasivo se inició el décimo día después de la lesión, con cuatro repeticiones de 30 seg cada una y 30 seg de descanso entre repeticiones, una vez al día, cinco veces por semana, para un total de diez aplicaciones. Las ratas fueron sacrificadas después de 22 días, y se extrajo el músculo gastrocnemio de ambos miembros para la medición morfométrica de desmina y laminina a través de inmunohistoquímica. El análisis se realizó utilizando ANOVA unidireccional Tukey post-hoc para datos paramétricos y Kruskall-Wallis para datos no paramétricos. Los animales LUGE mostraron un área mayor de desmina que LGE (p <0,05). Se encontró una disminución en la laminina comparando LGU con GL. Sin embargo, el área de laminina fue mayor en LGE que en todos los grupos (p <0,05). El tratamiento con ultrasonido aislado o en combinación con estiramiento influyó en la regeneración del músculo gastrocnemio de diferentes maneras. Si bien el estiramiento aplicado, en combinación con tratamiento de ultrasonido, fortaleció el área de desmina, la regeneración del músculo gastrocnemio mejoró por el aumento en el área de laminina aumentando la curación muscular.

SUMMARY: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chronic effects of stretching exercise on soleus muscle histomorphology and histomorphometry of young and aged rats. Thirty-eight female rats were divided into young control group (YCG, n=10;274±50 g); young stretching group (YSG, n=8;274±12 g); aged control group (ACG, n=10;335±39 g); and aged stretching group (ASG, n=10;321±32g). A mechanical apparatus was used to stretch muscle in 4 repetitions, 60 s each, 30 s interval between repetitions in each session, 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last stretching session, soleus muscle was removed for micromorphology and immunostaining analysis. Data analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, or Kruskal-Wallis tests for parametric and nonparametric, respectively (p≤0.05). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (MFCSA) of ACG was lower (18 %) compared to the YCG. Stretching increased MFCSA comparing YSG to YCG (5,681.15± 1,943.61 µm2 vs 5,119.84±1,857.73 µm2, p=0.00), but decreased comparing ASG to ACG (3,919.54± 1,694.65 µm2 vs 4,172.82±1,446.08 µm2, p=0.00). More serial sarcomere numbers were found in the YSG than YCG (12,062.91±1,564.68 vs 10,070.39±1,072.38, p=0.03). Collagen I and collagen III were higher in YSG than ASG (7.44±7.18 % vs 0.07±0.09 %, p=0.04) and (14.37 %± 9.54 % vs 5.51 %±5.52 %, p=0.00), respectively. TNF-a was greater in ASG than YSG (43.42 %±40.19 % vs 1.72 ± 2.02 %, p=0.00). Epimysium was larger in the YSG compared to YCG (201.83±132.07 % vs 181.09±147.04 %, p=0.00). After 3-week stretching the soleus muscles from aged rats were smaller than their younger counter-parts. Interestingly, while stretching appeared to positively affect young soleus muscle, the opposite was detected in the muscle of the aged rats.

RESUMEN: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos crónicos del ejercicio de estiramiento sobre la histomorfología e histomorfometría del músculo sóleo de ratas jóvenes y envejecidas. Se dividieron 38 ratas hembras en un grupo control joven (YCG, n = 10; 274 ± 50 g); grupo de estiramiento joven (YSG, n = 8; 274 ± 12 g); grupo control de edad (ACG, n = 10; 335 ± 39 g); y grupo estiramiento envejecido (ASG, n = 10; 321 ± 32 g). Se usó un aparato mecánico para estirar el músculo en 4 repeticiones, 60 s cada una, intervalo de 30 s entre repeticiones en cada sesión, 3 veces por semana, durante 3 semanas. Veinticuatro horas después de la última sesión de estiramiento, se extrajo el músculo sóleo para análisis de micromorfología e inmunotinción. Los análisis de datos se realizaron con pruebas ANOVA de una vía, Tukey post-hoc o Kruskal-Wallis para pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas, respectivamente (p≤0,05). El área de la sección transversal de fibra muscular (MFCSA) de GCE fue menor (18 %) en comparación con el GCJ. El estiramiento aumentó ASTFM comparando GEJ con GCJ (5.681,15 ± 1.943,61 µm2 vs 5.119,84 ± 1.857,73 µm2, p = 0,00), pero disminuyó comparando GEE con GCE (3.919,54 ± 1.694,65 µm2 vs 4.172,82 ± 1.446,08 µm2, p = 0,00). Se encontraron más sarcómeros en serie en el GEJ que en el GCJ (12.062,91 ± 1.564,68 vs 10.070,39 ± 1,072.38, p = 0,03). El colágeno I y el colágeno III fueron más numerosos en GEJ que en GEE (7,44 ± 7.18 % vs 0,07 ± 0,09 %, p = 0,04) y (14,37 % ± 9,54 % vs 5,51 % ± 5,52 %, p = 0,00), respectivamente. TNF-α fue mayor en GEE que GEJ (43,42 % ± 40,19 % vs 1,72 ± 2,02 %, p = 0,00). El epimisio fue mayor en el GEJ en comparación con el GCJ (201,83 ± 132,07 % vs 181,09 ± 147,04 %, p = 0,00). Después de 3 semanas de estiramiento, los músculos sóleo de las ratas envejecidas eran más pequeños que sus contrapartes más jóvenes. Curiosamente, si bien el estiramiento pareció afectar positivamente el músculo sóleo joven, se detectó lo contrario en el músculo de las ratas envejecidas.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of three sessions of a passive stretching exercise protocol on the muscles of elderly female rats. METHODS: The effects of the stretching exercises on the soleus muscle were analyzed using immunohistochemistry [tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP), the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the gene expression levels using real-time PCR of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), collagen type 1 (COL1), and collagen type 3 (COL3)]. Fifteen 26-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, namely, Stretching (SG, n=8) and Control (CG, n=7). The passive mechanical stretching protocol consisted of a set of 4 1-minute repetitions, with 30 seconds between each repetition (total treatment of 4 minutes), three times a week for 1 week. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase of 71.4% in the TNF-α (p=0.04) gene expression levels for the SG and a 58% decrease in the TGF-β1 gene expression levels (p=0.005) in the SG compared to that in the CG. No significant differences were observed between the groups for the immunostaining of TIMP-1 or the gene expression levels of COL1 and COL3. CONCLUSION: Three sessions of static stretching reduced the gene expression level of TGF-β1, which, owing to its anti-fibrotic role, might contribute to the remodeling of the intramuscular connective tissue of the aging muscle. In addition, immunostaining revealed that TNF-α levels increased in the aging muscle tissue in response to stretching, indicating its effect on stimulating extracellular matrix degradation. These outcomes have important clinical implications in reinforcing the use of stretching exercises in the elderly, considering that the aging muscle presents an infiltration of connective tissue.

Resumo Objetivo: traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool - HOME FAST para o português brasileiro e avaliar sua validade de construto e confiabilidade intra e inter avaliador. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que incluiu idosos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. O processo para a tradução e adaptação transcultural seguiu as etapas: 1. Tradução, 2. Síntese, 3. Retrotradução, 4. Comitê de especialistas (revisão e versão pré-final), 5. Pré-teste, 6. Análise pelo comitê de especialistas e versão final do instrumento. A Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg - EEB foi usada para testar a validade de construto (Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman). Adicionalmente, para análise da confiabilidade intra e inter avaliador foi utilizado o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI) e o diagrama de Bland-Altman. Os resultados foram considerados significativos quando p<0,05. Resultados: O HOME FAST-Brasil foi aplicado em 53 idosos com média de idade de 71(5) anos, sendo 79% (42) mulheres e 21% (11) homens. O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural resultou em versões similares entre as traduções. A correlação entre a pontuação total do HOME FAST-Brasil com a EEB foi ρ=-0,241, p=0,041. Os valores dos testes de confiabilidade foram CCI=0,99 e 0,92 (intra e inter avaliador, respectivamente). Conclusão: O HOME FAST-Brasil, traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente para o português brasileiro, apresentou validade de construto e excelente confiabilidade inter e intra-avaliador.

Abstract Objective: to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool - HOME FAST into Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate its construct validity and intra-and inter-rater reliability. Method: a cross-sectional study was carried out that included older people aged 60 years or older. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were carried out in the following stages: 1. Translation, 2. Synthesis, 3. Back translation, 4. Expert panel (review and pre-final version), 5. Pre-testing, 6. Analysis by the expert panel and the final version of the instrument. The Berg Balance Scale - BBS was used to test construct validity (Spearman correlation coefficient). Additionally, intra-and inter-rater reliability analysis was conducted using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman plot. Results were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: the HOME FAST-Brazil was applied to 53 older people with a mean age of 71(5) years; 79% (42) of whom were female and 21% (11) of whom were male. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process resulted in similar versions among translations. The correlation of the total score of HOME FAST-Brazil with the BBS was ρ=-0.241, p=0.041. The reliability rate was ICC=0.99 and 0.92 (intra-and inter-rater, respectively). Conclusion: The HOME FAST-Brazil, translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, was shown to have construct validity and excellent intra-and inter-rater reliability.

Abstract Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool Self-report Into Brazilian Portuguese and to correlate with the history of falls. Methods: The translation and transcultural adaptation process followed international parameters. The Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool Brazil Self-report, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the history of falls were applied to 10 elderly in the pre-test and to 41 in the final. Demographic and anthropometric data were also evaluated. Spearman correlation coefficient was performed. Results: The participants considered the questionnaire easy to understand and did not report any doubts to answer the final version. There was significant correlation between: Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool Brazil Self-report score and number of falls (p = 0.31, p = 0.02) and the lighting and bathroom domains with presence of falls at home (p = 0.44, p = 0.00 and p = 0.33, p = 0.02, respectively). The questionnaire indicated fall's risk scoring, 10(±2). Conclusion: The Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool Brazil Self-report showed to be comprehensible and feasible tool for self-assessment of domiciliary falls risk in Brazilian older people. The scores indicated fall's risk and were associated with the history of falls.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of frailty and the association of sociodemographic characteristics, clinical aspects, and functional capacity with the frailty status of community-dwelling older adults from Curitiba, Southern Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study included 1,716 participants aged ≥60 years. Frailty was assessed using the Fried phenotype indicators of weakness, exhaustion, low activity, slowness, and weight loss. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical aspects, and functional capacity and functionality were evaluated and compared between the sexes and the different frailty statuses (non-frail, prefrail, and frail). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to identify associations (p<0.05). RESULTS: A high prevalence of frailty (15.8%) and prefrailty (65.3%) were observed, and both were higher in female than in male individuals. The most predominant frailty criterion was weakness, followed by exhaustion. Compared with the non-frail elderly, the prefrail and frail elderly were older in age and presented more health problems, greater dependency for basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and reduced lower extremity strength performance and functional mobility. The highest proportion of illiterate individuals, individuals with 1-4 years of education, widowed individuals, polypharmacy, and possible cognition problems and diseases were seen in the frail elderly group. Moreover, the risk of being prefrail and frail was higher in those who were older and had more health problems, higher body mass index, and reduced lower extremity strength performance. Greater calf circumference and independence in activities of daily living were protective factors for prefrailty and frailty. Furthermore, lower functional mobility increased the chances of being frail. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of frailty was more pronounced in female than in male individuals, mainly because of a decline in force. Prefrailty was 4 times more prevalent than frailty, and the presence of health problems and reduced functional capacity increased the chances of being prefrail and frail.

Resumo Introdução: O envelhecimento é responsável por alterações estruturais, com declínio de todas as variáveis fisiológicas, incluindo amplitude de movimento e função muscular esquelética. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do alongamento na morfometria muscular de ratas ovariectomizadas. Método: Assim, 21 ratas Wistar (12 semanas, 218 ± 22 g) foram divididas em 4 grupos: Controle (CONTROL, n = 3) intacto; Ovariectomizadas e histerectomizadas (OH, n = 6); Alongamento (ALONG, n = 6); Ovariectomizadas e histerectomizadas e Alongamento (OHA, n = 6). As ratas foram submetidas a ovariectomia e histerectomia. O alongamento do músculo sóleo foi composto de 10 repetições de 1 minuto com intervalo de 45s entre cada repetição, realizado 3 vezes por semana, durante 3 semanas. Após 3 semanas, as ratas foram pesadas e os músculos sóleos de ambas as patas foram retirados, pesados e analisados: comprimento do músculo; número de sarcômeros em série; comprimento do sarcômero; área da seção transversal das fibras musculares (ASTFM) e porcentagem de tecido conjuntivo. Resultados: O peso corporal final aumentou em todos os grupos. O número de sarcômeros em série do ALONG foi maior que o OH. A área de secção transversa das fibras musculares do OHA foi superior ao CONTROL. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a ovariectomia e histerectomia impediram a sarcomerogênese mesmo quando realizado alongamento. Porém, o protocolo de alongamento incrementou o trofismo muscular em ratas ovarietomizadas e histerectomizadas. Sugere-se que o crescimento longitudinal (número sarcômeros em série) e radial (ASTFM) respondem diferentemente ao alongamento em músculo esquelético intacto e/ou com depleção estrogênio (ovarietomia e histerectomia).

Abstract Introduction: Ageing is responsible for structural alterations, declining of all physiological variables, including range of motion and skeletal muscle function, known as sarcopenia. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of stretching on muscle morphometry in ovariectomized rats. Method: 21 female Wistar rats (12 weeks, 218 ± 22 g) were divided into 4 groups: control (CONTROL, n = 3) intact; ovariectomized and hysterectomized (OH, n = 6); Stretching (STRET, n = 6); ovariectomized and hysterectomized and stretching (OHS, n = 6). The rats were subjected to ovariectomy and hysterectomy. The stretching protocol of the soleus muscle lasted 10 repetitions of 1 minute with 45s interval between each repetition performed 3 times a week for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the rats were weighed and the muscles of both hind limbs were removed weighed and analyzed at muscle length; serial sarcomere number; sarcomere length; muscle fiber cross-sectional area (MFCSA) and percentage of connective tissue. Results: The final body weight increased in all groups. The serial sarcomere number of STRET was greater than the OH. The muscle fibers’ cross-sectional area of OHS was higher than CONTROL. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ovariectomy and hysterectomy prevented sarcomerogenesis even when stretching was applied. However, the stretching protocol enhanced muscle trophismof ovariectomized and hysterectomized rats. It might be suggested that longitudinal growth (serial sarcomeres) and radial (ASTFM) are differently regulated by stretching in intact and/or estrogen depleted (ovariectomy and hysterectomy) skeletal muscle.

Resumen Introducción: El envejecimiento es responsable de cambios estructurales del organismo, con disminución de todas las variables fisiológicas, incluyendo la amplitud de movimiento y función muscular esquelética, conocida como sarcopenia. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de los ejercicios de estiramiento en la morfometria muscular de ratas ovarectomizadas. Método: Fueron seleccionadas 21 ratas Wistar (12 semanas, 218 ± 22g) que fueron divididas en 4 grupos: control (CONTROL, n = 3) intacto; ovarectomizadas y histerectomizadas (OH, n = 6); estiramiento (ALONG, n = 6); ovarectomizadas y histerectomizadas y estiramiento (OHA, n = 6). Las ratas han sido sometidas a ovariectomía y histerectomía. El protocolo de estiramiento del músculo sóleo fue realizado en 10 repeticiones de 1 minuto con intervalos de 45 segundos entre cada repetición, realizada 3 veces por semana, durante 3 semanas. Después de 3 semanas, las ratas fueron pesadas y los músculos de ambas patas fueron retirados para analizar el peso muscular; la longitud del músculo; número de sarcómera en serie; longitud de sarcómera; área de la sección transversal de las fibras musculares (ASTFM) y porcentaje del tejido conjuntivo. Resultado: El peso corporal final aumentó en todos los grupos. El número de sarcómera en serie de ALONG fue mayor que el OH. El área de la sección transversal de las fibras musculares del OHA fue superior al de CONTROL. Conclusión: En conclusión, ovariectomía y histerectomía impiedieron la sarcomerogénesis mismo cuando se realizó el estiramiento. Sin embago, el estiramiento aumentó el trofismo muscular de las ratas ovarectomizadas y histerectomizadas. Sugiere que el crescimiento longitudinal (número sarcômeros) y radial (área de sección transversal) responden diferentemente al estiramiento en músculo esqueletico intacto y/o con depleción estrógeno (ovariectomía y histerectomía).

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o perfil e os fatores motivacionais dos frequentadores de uma academia ao ar livre (AAL). Metodologia Entrevistaram‐se 64 frequentadores da AAL do Aeroparque de Paranaguá‐PR, entre 18 e 60 anos, que responderam sobre perfil saúde/doença, antropométrico, social, nível de atividade física e o Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividade Física e Esportiva (Imprafe‐132). Fez‐se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial (p < 0,05). Resultados e conclusão A maioria dos frequentadores era adulto jovem (85,9%), sexo masculino (56,2%), ativo fisicamente (81,2%) e com excesso de peso (54,6%). As principais motivações foram prazer (83 ± 13%) e saúde (79,8 ± 11,7%).

Abstract Objective To evaluate the profile and the reasons to attend an Fitness Zone. Methods We interviewed 64 participants from Aeroparque of Paranaguá‐PR, 18‐60 years‐old,about health/disease, anthropometric and social profiles, level of physical activity (PA)and the Inventory Motivation to Regular Physical Activity and Sports (IMPRAFE‐132). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed (p < 0.05). Results and conclusions The outcomes might conclude that the most part of participants was young adults (85.9%), males (56.2%), physically active (81.2%) and overweight (54.6%). The main motivations were joy (83 ± 13) and health (79.8 ± 11.7).

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el perfil y las motivaciones en un gimnasio al aire libre (GAL). Métodos Se entrevistó a 64 participantes, entre 18 y 60 años, que asisten al GAL del Aeroparque de Paranaguá, sobre salud/enfermedad, perfiles antropométricos y sociales, nivel de actividad física y motivaciones para la práctica de actividades físicas y deportivas (IMPRAFE‐132). Se realizo análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial (p < 0,05). Resultados y conclusión A partir de los resultados encontrados se puede concluir que la mayoría de los asistentes eran adultos jóvenes (85,9%), hombres (56,2%), físicamente activos (81,2%) y con sobrepeso (54,6%). Las principales motivaciones fueron la alegría (83 ± 13) y la salud (79,8 ± 11,7).

OBJECTIVES: Loss of muscle mass and/or physical performance, a condition commonly known as sarcopenia, is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between functional performance and sarcopenia in COPD patients classified by disease severity according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional observational and the sample size consisted of 35 COPD patients (69.24±1.54 years, 20 men). Physical performance was assessed with the timed up-and-go (TUG) test. Sarcopenia was assessed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria. RESULTS: The frequency of sarcopenia was 20% and was more prevalent among individuals classified with greater disease severity, GOLD III, n=4 patients (23%) and GOLD IV, n=3 patients (27%), p=0.83. The mean time to complete the TUG test was 11.66±4.78 s. Binary logistic regression revealed an association between the TUG test and sarcopenia adjusted by disease severity (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-8.23, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that worse performance in the TUG test leads to a substantial increase in the chance of COPD patients presenting sarcopenia.

OBJECTIVE: How much force is needed to stretch skeletal muscle is still unknown. The aim of this study was to develop a device that mechanically stretches rat muscle to compare the force (N) required to stretch the soleus muscle of young and aged rats and the tibio-tarsal angle joint at neutral and stretched positions. METHODS: Twelve female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a young group (YG, n=6, 311±11 g) of rats 3 months old and an aged group (AG, n=6, 351±43 g) of rats 15 months old. The left soleus muscle was mechanically held in full dorsal flexion and submitted to mechanical passive stretching: 1 bout of 10 repetitions, each repetition lasted 60 seconds with an interval of 45 seconds between repetitions, performed once a day, twice a week, for 1 week. The force required during stretching was measured by a load cell, and the tibio-tarsal angle joint was measured by photometry. RESULTS: The load cell calibration showed excellent reliability, as confirmed by the intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.93. A decrease in delta force was found in the comparison between YG and AG (0.11±0.03 N vs 0.08±0.02 N, p<0.05, repeated measures ANOVA). There was no difference between the YG and the AG in the tibio-tarsal angle at resting position (87.1±3.8° vs 87.1±3.5°, p=0.35, Kruskal Wallis) and at the end of the stretching protocol (43.9±4.4° vs 42.6±3.4°, p=0.57, Kruskal Wallis). CONCLUSION: The device presented in this study is able to monitor the force necessary to stretch hindlimb rat muscles. Aged rats required less force than young rats to stretch the soleus muscle, and there was no difference regarding the tibio-tarsal angle between the two groups.

Abstract AIMS the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a supervised dance intervention based on video game choreography on isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee peak of torque (PT), quadriceps and hamstrings cross sectional area (CSA) and functionality in community-dwelling older women. METHODS Forty-seven older women were allocated in Control Group (CG, n=25) and Intervention Group (IG, n=22). The IG performed dance based on video game choreography (Dance Central, XBOX 360®, Kinect), during 12 weeks, ~40 minutes, 3x/week, without foam (1-6week) and with foam and visual disturbances (7-12 week). The pretest-training-posttest assessments included: isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee PT and CSA (Magnetic resonance imaging) of quadriceps and hamstrings and functional tests. RESULTS The light-to-moderate-intensity 12-weeks training increased 8.5% the eccentric PT of quadriceps at 60°/s (p=0.04) and 1.3% quadriceps CSA (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dance training based on video game choreography can enhance PT and induce hypertrophy in community-dwelling older women.

Resumo Introdução: O treinamento com exergames tem sido prescrito para prevenção em saúde, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre sua influência na autopercepção da condição física e nas capacidades físico-motoras. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos dos exergames (EXG) sobre a autopercepção da condição física, nível de atividade física (AF) e capacidades físico-motoras (CFM) de adultos jovens saudáveis. Métodos: Quarenta adultos jovens, de ambos os sexos, foram distribuídos por conveniência em Grupo Controle (GC, n = 20, 21,85 ± 0,62 anos) que não realizou treinamento físico e Grupo Intervenção (GI, n = 20, 23,10 ± 0,61 anos) que realizou treinamento físico com videogame (XBOX360 Kinect®), em duplas, 2 vezes por semana, durante 12 semanas. A avaliação consistiu na verificação das medidas antropométricas; auto-percepção da condição física (International Fitness Scale-IFIS); nível de Atividade Física (AF, questionário IPAQ) e CFM (flexibilidade, resistência abdominal, força e resistência dos membros superiores agilidade e velocidade). Resultados: O GI apresentou melhora na autopercepção da condição física; aumento no nível de AF no domínio lazer e melhora nas CFM após 12 semanas de intervenção, em comparação com o grupo controle. Conclusão: O EXG foi eficaz para incrementar a função musculoesquelética, favorecer a aderência ao exercício físico e promover a saúde física em adultos jovens ativos.

Abstract Introduction: Training with exergames has been prescribed for health problems prevention, however, little is known about its influence on the self-perception of the physical condition and on the physical and motor skills (PMS). Objective: To investigate the effects of exergames (EXG) on the self-perception of the physical condition, level of physical activity and PMS in healthy young adults. Methods: Forty young adults, of both genders, were allocated by convenience into Control Group (CG, n = 20, 21.85 ± 0.62 years old), the individuals did not perform the physical training with exergames, and Intervention Group (IG, n = 20, 23.10 ± 0.61 years old), the subjects practiced exergames training (XBOX360 Kinect ®), in pairs, twice a week, for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements; self-perceived physical condition (International Fitness Scale-IFIS); International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and PMS (flexibility; abdominal endurance; upper limb strength and endurance, agility and velocity) were evaluated. Results: The IG presented better self-perception of the physical condition; increased physical activity level in the leisure domain and enhanced PMS after 12 weeks of intervention, compared to the CG. Conclusion: The EXG was efficient to improve skeletal muscle function, to contribute to physical exercise adherence and to promote physical health in active young adults.

Resumo Introdução: estudar a influência da prática de surf sobre a prevalência de lesões pode contribuir para sua prevenção. Objetivo: analisar a influência do tempo de prática esportiva e realização de cirurgia prévia sobre o perfil e prevalência das lesões decorrentes do surf. Métodos: Participaram 66 surfistas brasileiros (26,16 ± 0,73 anos). Foram avaliados os dados antropométricos, o nível de atividade física, o tempo de prática de surf e a prevalência de lesões (tipo de lesão, região anatômica acometida e o mecanismo de lesão). Para avaliar quais das variáveis estudadas exerciam influência significativa na média de lesões foi ajustado um modelo log-linear de Poisson por meio do software R (p < 0,05). Resultados: A maior parte dos surfistas foi classificada como eutróficos (73%), muito ativos (60,6%), tempo médio de prática de 10,1 ± 1 anos e não federados (74%). Foi observado que 90,9% dos participantes reportaram lesões decorrentes do surf, sendo que 44,9% destas lesões acometeram os membros inferiores e a maioria atingiu o sistema tegumentar (46,6%). O principal mecanismo de lesão foi o choque com prancha/fundo do mar (40,4%). Ainda, verificou-se que surfistas federados apresentaram média estimada de lesões 58,4% maior que os não federados (p = 0,007). Surfistas submetidos a cirurgias prévias apresentaram média estimada de lesões 56,9% maior que os demais (p = 0,012). Além disso, constatou-se que para cada ano a mais de prática de surf, a média estimada de lesões cresceu 2,5% (p = 0,0118). Conclusão: A média estimada de lesões dos surfistas aumentou com o incremento do tempo de prática, realização de cirurgia pregressa e estar federado.

Abstract Introduction: studying the influence of surfing on the prevalence of injuries may contribute to prevention. Objective: to analyze the influence of time practicing sports and the occurrence of previous surgery on the profile and prevalence of injuries caused by surfing. Methods: Sixty-six Brazilian surfers (26.16 ± 0.73 years old) participated in this study. Anthropometric data, physical activity level, surfing practice time and the prevalence of injuries (type of injury, anatomical region affected, and mechanism of injury) were evaluated. To assess which of the studied variables exerted significant influence on the mean number of injuries, a Poisson log-linear model was adjusted through R software (p < 0.05). Results: most surfers were classified as eutrophic (73%), very active (60.6%), had an average practice time of 10.1 ± 1 years, and were not members of a surfing federation (74%). It was also observed that 90.9% of participants reported injuries caused by surfing and 44.9% affected the lower limbs. The majority of these injuries affected the integumentary system (46.6%). The main mechanism of injury was impact with the board or seabed (40.4%). Furthermore, it was found that surfing federation members presented an average of 58.4% more injuries than non-members (p = 0.007). Surfers who had undergone previous surgeries showed an average number of injuries that was 56.9% higher than other surfers (p = 0.012). In addition, it was found that for each extra year of surfing, the average number of injuries increased by 2.5% (p = 0.0118). Conclusion: the average number of injuries increased with increment in time practicing the sport, previous surgery and membership in a surfing federation.