The aim of this study was to evaluate intake, performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs fed finishing diets containing 0%, 7.5% and 15% safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius) as a replacement for corn and soybean meal. Thirty-six male lambs with mean bodyweight of 17.9 ± 1.8 kg were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: C0: no safflower seeds, C7.5: 7.5%safflower seeds in diet (DM basis), and C15: 15% safflower seeds in diet (DM basis). The lambs were fed in pens of two and thus there were six replicates per treatment. Performance and carcass characteristics were not affected by including safflower seeds in their diet. Animals fed 7.5% safflower seeds had greater dry matter intake. There was a linear effect of increasing the redness (a*) of meat with the amount of safflower, where a mean of 15.77 was found for lambs that received the C15 diet. With increasing levels of safflower, the concentration of fatty acids C14:0, C17:0, and C22:1 increased. However, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, C18:2) was reduced in lambs fed C15. A concentration of 0.461 g/100 g meat was observed for animals that consumed C7.5. Thus, lambs fed a diet containing 7.5% safflower had the greatest dry matter intake, carcass fat, and concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in their meat, and enhanced meat colour.

Foram utilizados cinco novilhos nelore com peso inicial médio de 335±12kg, mantidos em baias individuais, para determinação do consumo e da digestibilidade, e 40 novilhos com peso corporal médio de 345±14kg, mantidos em baias coletivas, para avaliação do desempenho. A dieta definitiva foi constituída de 82% de concentrado e 18,2% de silagem de sorgo na base da matéria seca, e os níveis de inclusão da torta de crambe foram 0 (controle), 5, 10, 15 e 20%. Os ingredientes do concentrado foram sorgo moído, casca de soja, caroço de algodão, resíduo da colheita de soja, torta de crambe e núcleo mineral proteico. Houve efeito linear decrescente de nível de inclusão de torta de crambe sobre o peso corporal, e crescente, sobre o consumo de extrato etéreo, e houve efeito cúbico sobre o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e proteína (CFDNcp), em que o maior valor foi observado da dieta controle e o menor na dieta contendo 20% de torta de crambe. Os consumos de MS, PB, ureia, PB de ureia e CNFcp, bem como as digestibilidades e os ganhos de peso, não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. Conclui-se que a torta de crambe pode ser utilizada em até 20% de inclusão na matéria seca de dietas de bovinos de corte em confinamento.

Five Nellore steers with average initial weight of 335±12kg were kept in individual pens for determining consumption and digestibility and 40 steers with average body weight of 345 ± 14kg were kept in collective pens for performance assessment. The final diet was 82% of concentrate and 18.2% of sorghum silage on dry matter basis and the levels of inclusion of crambe pie were 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The concentrate ingredients were ground sorghum, soy hulls, whole cottonseed, soybean crop residue, crambe pie and protein + mineral nucleus. There was a decreasing linear effect of level of inclusion of crambe pie on the body weight, increasing linear effect on consumption of ether extract and cubic effect on consumption of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein (NDFap), in which the highest value was observed in the control diet and the smallest in the diet containing 20% of crambe. The consumptions of DM, CP, urea, CP of urea and NFCap, as well as the digestibility and weight gain were not affected by treatments. It can be concluded that crambe meal can be utilized up to 20% of inclusion in dry matter in beef cattle diets in feedlot.

The main objective of this study the Marandu grass using total dry matter (CS), hand-plucking sample (PS) and extrusa (EXT) in a completely randomized design. The samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein, ether extract, neutral (NDF) and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, ash, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total, and non fiber carbohydrates. The samples for PS presented DM, NDF and ADF values of 25.19, 65.31, and 28.91 %. The EXT values for NDF and ADF were 73.21 and 33.46 %, respectively, reflecting the selectivity of the animal. The ADF value for CS was 36.01 %, due to the high proportion of senescent material in the forage. The CS and hand plucked samples obtained did not represent the diet consumed by the animals. The chemical composition of the forage is influenced by the different sampling methods.

Objetivou neste trabalho avaliar o capim Marandu, sob pastejo através do corte rente ao solo (CS), pastejo simulado (PS) e extrusa ruminai (EXT) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram mensurados teores de matèria seca (MS), proteina bruta, extrato etèreo, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), ácido (FDA), hemicelulose, celulose, lignina e cinzas, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, carboidratos totais e não fibrosos. As amostras de PS apresentaram para MS, FDN e FDA valores de 25,19, 65,31 e 28,91 %. A FDN e FDA encontrados na EXT foram de 73,21 e 33,46 %, reflexo da seletividade do animal. Os valores de FDA apresentados para CS foram de 36,01 %. As amostras obtidas pela disponibilidade total e pastejo simulado não foram representativas da dieta ingerida pelos animais. A composicão bromatológica da forragem è influenciada pelos diferentes mètodos de amostragem.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da suplementação e o uso de cultura de levedura sobre o ganho médio diário (GMD), os parâmetros ruminais e a concentração de ureia plasmática em bezerros sob pastejo de aveia preta (Avena strigosa) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum), e estudaram-se a produção e a composição química da forragem. Utilizaram-se 32 bezerros, em pastejo contínuo e lotação variável. Os tratamentos foram: apenas mistura mineral (MM); mistura mineral mais levedura (MML); mistura mineral mais ração (MMR); e mistura mineral mais ração mais levedura (MMRL). A MM contendo casca de soja foi ofertada em 150g/animal/dia, e a levedura foi adicionada à MM na quantidade de 10g/animal/dia. A ração contendo 75% de NDT e 23% de PB foi fornecida para um consumo diário médio de 12g/kg de peso corporal. O GMD, para os respectivos tratamentos, foi 0,610; 0,599; 0,809 e 0,818kg/animal, na ordem citada. A concentração de amônia ruminal e a de ureia plasmática não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. A biomassa forrageira diminuiu ao longo do ciclo vegetativo, com rendimentos inicial e final de 1.364 e 879kg de MS/ha, e os teores médios de NDT e PB de 71,7 e 11,7%, respectivamente. O fornecimento do suplemento melhorou o desempenho dos animais, e a adição de levedura não influenciou as variáveis estudadas.

We evaluated the effects of supplementation and use of yeast culture on the average daily gain (ADG), ruminal parameters and plasma urea nitrogen in calves grazing oat (Avena strigosa) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and studied the production and chemical composition of forage. 32 calves were used in continuous grazing with variable stocking rate. The treatments administered were: only mineral (MM), administration of mineral with yeast (MML), mineral plus ration (MMR) and mineral plus ration with yeast (MMRL). MM added with soybean hulls was supplied at 150 g/animal/day and yeast added to the MM in the amount of 10 g/animal/day. The ration containing 75% of TDN and 23% of PB was supplied for an average daily intake of 12 g /kg of body weight. The ADG for the respective treatments were 0.610, 0.599, 0.809 and 0.818kg/animal, respectively. The concentration of ruminal ammonia and plasma urea was not affected by treatments. Forage biomasses declined throughout the growing season, with initial and final yields of 1.364 and 879kg DM/ha, and TDN and CP levels of 71.7 and 11.7%, respectively. The supply of the supplement improved animal performance, and the addition of yeast did not influence the variables studied.

O presente ensaio foi conduzido com o objetivo de se estudarem diferentes métodos de amostragem de pasto e de se estimar a composição química da dieta consumida por novilhos Holandeses, mantidos em pastagem consorciada de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam). Os métodos avaliados foram o corte da forragem rente ao solo (CFRS), o pastejo simulado (PSI) e a coleta de extrusa ruminal (CERU). Os teores médios de proteína bruta (PB), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) foram de 9,7; 62,2; 64,5 e 33,1% para o tratamento CFRS; de 9,8; 65,4; 59,6 e 30,0% para o PSI, e de 11,4; 70,8; 51,6 e 25,5% para CERU, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística entre os métodos CFRS e PSI, todavia, em relação ao método CERU, ambos subestimaram a concentração proteica e a energética, e superestimaram a quantidade de parede celular presente na dieta. Conclui-se que a coleta da extrusa ruminal pode ser um método adequado para caracterizar a dieta consumida por novilhos em pastagem consorciada de aveia e azevém.

The experiment was conducted to study different methods of pasture sampling, to estimate the chemical composition of the diet of Holstein steer, and grazing pasture of oat (Avena strigosa Schreb)and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). The methods evaluated were Clipping Close by Soil (CCS), Hand-Plucking (HPL) and Rumen Evacuation (REV). The averages for crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were 9.7, 62.2, 64.5 and 33.1% for the CCS treatment; 9.8, 65.4, 59.6 and 30.0% for HPL, and 11.4, 70.8, 51.6 and 25.5% for REV, respectively. There was no statistical difference between CCS and HPL methods, however, in relation to the REV method, both underestimated protein and energy concentration, and overestimated the amount of cell walls in the diet. The conclusion is that rumen evacuation may be an adequate method to characterize the diet consumed by steers on oats and ryegrass pastures.