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Perfil de los jóvenes brasileños. Nuevos y viejos desafíos para la reconstrucción de políticas públicas
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Pinheiro, Diógenes

; Esteves, Luiz Carlos Gil

Revista de Ciencias Sociales

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2024, Volume 37 N. 54 elocation e203

Abstract: Es Pt En | Text: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumen: ¿Cuáles son las principales características de los jóvenes brasileños en la época contemporánea? Guiado por esta pregunta, el estudio presenta los datos sociodemográficos que componen el perfil de la juventud en el país. Basado en entrevistas a 1740 jóvenes de 15 a 29 años, realizadas en el segundo semestre de 2019 en las cinco regiones de Brasil, el estudio integra la sección nacional de una encuesta iberoamericana que también involucró a Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, España, México, Perú y República Dominicana. Esperando contribuir para subsidiar las políticas públicas para la juventud en tiempos de reconstrucción, se dibuja el retrato, entre otras marcas, de una juventud empobrecida, que no trabaja, religiosa y predominantemente evangélica/protestante, de color/raza negra, baja escolaridad y bastante dependiente de la familia.

Resumo: Quais as principais características dos jovens brasileiros na contemporaneidade? Guiado por esta pergunta, o estudo apresenta os dados sociodemográficos que integram o perfil das juventudes no país. Baseado nas entrevistas de 1.740 jovens de 15 a 29 anos, no segundo semestre de 2019, nas cinco regiões do Brasil, o estudo integra a seção nacional de pesquisa iberoamericana que também envolveu Argentina, Chile, Colômbia, Equador, Espanha, México, Peru e República Dominicana. Esperando contribuir para subsidiar as políticas públicas de juventude em tempos de reconstrução, desenha-se o retrato, dentre outras marcas, de uma juventude empobrecida, que não trabalha, religiosa e predominantemente evangélica/protestante, de cor/raça negra, baixa escolaridade e bastante dependente da família.

Abstract: What are the main characteristics of young Brazilians today? Guided by this question, the study presents the sociodemographic data that make up the profile of youth in the country. Based on interviews with 1,740 young people aged 15 to 29 years in the second half of 2019 in the five regions of Brazil, the study integrates the national section of an Iberoamerican research that also involved Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru and the Dominican Republic. Hoping to contribute to subsidize the public policies for youth in times of reconstruction, the portrait is drawn, among other marks, of an impoverished youth, who does not work, religious and predominantly evangelical/protestant, of black color/race, low education, and quite dependent on the family.

https://doi.org/10.26489/rvs.v37i54.3

Psychometric analysis of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) and determinants of psychopathology in two outpatient clinics in Navarre (Spain)
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Arrarás, Juan I

; Cuesta, Manuel J

; Peralta, Victor

; Gil-Berrozpe, Gustavo J

; Barrado, Laura

; Correa, Olga

; Elorza, Rebeca

; González, Lorea

; Garmendia, Irma

; Janda, Lucía

; Macaya, Patricia

; Núñez, Camino

; Sabater, Pablo

; Torrejon, Aileen

Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra

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aug 2023, Volume 46 N. 2 elocation e1043

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Background: The self-report Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire PDSQ is designed to screen Axis I psychiatric disorders. We aim to determine its psychometric properties in Spanish outpatients and assess its relationship with two interviews (for psychopathology and for personality disorders) and clinical/demographic variables. Methodology: We administered the study questionnaire, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus (MINI-Plus), the Standardised Assessment of Personality Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), and the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) to 375 patients at two public outpatient centres. Reliability of the study questionnaire was evaluated (Cronbach’s alpha, α) and known-group validity measured by comparing groups based on demographic and clinical variables (binary logistic regression analysis) and MINI-Plus diagnoses (Mann-Whitney U). The diagnostic accuracy of the study questionnaire score was analysed taking the MINI-Plus diagnoses as the gold standard (ROC analysis). Results: Internal consistency was adequate across all PDSQ scales (α >0.7; mean α=0.85). Known-group comparisons were satisfactory. Female and male patients showed higher prevalence of internalizing and externalizing diagnoses, respectively. Younger age, more life events and limitations, higher SAPAS scores, and lower economic levels were linked to a greater number of PDSQ diagnoses. Inter-group differences were found for all PDSQ scales based on the corresponding MINI-Plus diagnoses. Mean values of sensitivity, AUC, and negative predictive value were 88.7, 0.82, and 96.7, respectively. Conclusions: When applied to a sample of Spanish outpatients, the PDSQ exhibits satisfactory psychometric properties and adequate relationships with the psychopathology and personality interviews, and clinical and demographic variables. The study questionnaire is suitable for assessing comorbidity and psychopathology dimensions.

RESUMEN Fundamento: El PDSQ (Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire) es un cuestionario autoadministrado para el cribado de diagnósticos psiquiátricos del eje I. El objetivo es estudiar sus propiedades psicométricas en pacientes ambulatorios españoles y analizar su relación con dos entrevistas (de psicopatología y de trastornos de personalidad), y con variables clínicas y demográficas. Material y métodos: Se administraron los instrumentos PDSQ, MINI-Plus, SAPAS, y LTE-Q a 375 pacientes en dos centros ambulatorios públicos. Se estudió la fiabilidad del PDSQ (α de Cronbach). La validez de grupos-conocidos se analizó comparando sub-grupos organizados por variables demográficas y clínicas (regresión logística binaria) y por diagnósticos MINI Plus (U de Mann-Whitney). Se estudió el desempeño diagnóstico del PDSQ considerando los diagnósticos MINI Plus como gold standard (análisis ROC). Resultados:. La consistencia interna del PDSQ fue adecuada en todas las escalas (α >0,7; media=0,85). Las comparaciones entre grupos-conocidos fueron satisfactorias. Mujeres y hombres mostraron prevalencias mayores de trastornos internalizantes y externalizantes, respectivamente. Una menor edad, más sucesos vitales y limitaciones, puntuaciones mayores en SAPAS y niveles económicos más bajos se relacionaron con mayor número de diagnósticos PDSQ. Los grupos basados en los correspondienes diganósticos MINI-Plus difirieron en todas las escalas del PDSQ. Los valores medios de sensibilidad, AUC y valor predictivo negativo fueron 88,7; 0,82 y 96,7, respectivamente. Conclusiones: En su aplicación a pacientes españoles ambulatorios, el PDSQ muestra, propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias y relaciones adecuadas con entrevistas de psicopatología y personalidad, así como con variables clínicas y demográficas. El PDSQ es adecuado para evaluar comorbilidad y dimensiones de psicopatología.

https://doi.org/10.23938/assn.1043

Surgical care and trauma patients capacity in Piura, Peru - Cross-sectional study
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García, Roxanna M.

; Shiraishi-Zapata, Carlos Javier

; Zúñiga Vallejos, Ricardo César

; Gil Chiroque, Dante Pool

; Oyanguren Maldonado, Mario Alejandro

; Paico Palacios, Juan Carlos

; Romero, Ebella Estela

; Villarreal Álamo, Aldo Humberto

; Castillo Tovar, Jaime Sergio

; Aguirre Uribe, Salomón Jesús

; Díaz Ruiz, Renato

; More Vilela, Yovanky Miluska

Colombian Journal of Anestesiology

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mar 2023, Volume 51 N. 1 elocation 30

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: Los países de ingresos bajos y medianos tienen problemas en el acceso y la provisión de atención quirúrgica, lo cual ocasiona un alto número de fallecimientos y de personas con discapacidad. Objetivo: Estimar la capacidad para la atención quirúrgica y de pacientes traumatizados en los hospitales públicos en la región de Piura, Perú, un país de ingreso mediano. Métodos: En los hospitales públicos de la región peruana de Piura se aplicó una encuesta que combinaba las versiones en español de las encuestas PIPES e INTACT y de la herramienta de análisis situacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se evaluó la magnitud del evento mediante las diferencias absolutas entre las medianas de los puntajes calculados y pruebas bilaterales de Mann-Whitney según la ubicación geográfica y el nivel de complejidad hospitalaria. Resultados: Se evaluaron siete hospitales públicos que realizan cirugía en la región de Piura. Tres provincias (3/8) no contaban con instituciones sanitarias con complejidad de hospital. La mediana de los hospitales de las provincias periféricas tuvo tendencia a ser menor que la de la provincia capital en la INTACT (8,25 vs. 9,5, p = 0,04). Asimismo, se hallaron problemas de abastecimiento de agua (2/7), ausencia de incinerador (3/7), falta de funcionamiento permanente de tomógrafo (5/7) y problemas con el horario de funcionamiento de los bancos de sangre, ya que no funcionaban las 24 horas del día en 2 hospitales (2/7). Conclusiones: Se describe la alta desigualdad entre las provincias de la región en la capacidad de atención de trauma y varias carencias en la infraestructura sanitaria del sector público. Esta información es necesaria para desarrollar futura investigación de medición de capacidades en todos los establecimientos públicos y privados de la región peruana de Piura.

Abstract Introduction: Low and medium income countries face challenges in access and delivery of surgical care, resulting in a high number of deaths and disabled individuals. Objective: To estimate the capacity to provide surgical and trauma care in public hospitals in the Piura region, Perú, a middle income country. Methods: A survey was administered in public hospitals in the Peruvian region of Piura, which combined the Spanish versions of the PIPES and INTACT surveys, and the WHO situational analysis tool. The extent of the event was assessed based in the absolute differences between the medians of the scores estimated, and the Mann-Whitney bilateral tests, according to the geographical location and the level of hospital complexity. Results: Seven public hospitals that perform surgeries in the Piura region were assessed. Three provinces (3/8) did not have any complexity healthcare institutions. The average hospital in the peripheral provinces tended to be smaller than in the capital province in INTACT (8.25 vs. 9.5, p = 0.04). Additionally, water supply issues were identified (2/7), lack of incinerator (3/7), lack of uninterrupted availability of a CT-scanner (5/7) and problems with working hours; in other words, the blood banks in two hospitals were not open 24 hours. Conclusions: There is a significant inequality among the provinces in the region in terms of their trauma care capacities and several shortfalls in the public sector healthcare infrastructure. This information is required to conduct future research on capacity measurements in every public and private institution in the Peruvian region of Piura.

https://doi.org/10.5554/22562087.e1058

Understanding the dynamics of attributes of medium and short cycle rice cultivars under nitrogen effect
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Marques Neto, Gil Cunegatto

; Vahl, Ledemar Carlos

; Sousa, Rogério Oliveira de

; Peres, Milena Moreira

; Vale, Marcos Lima Campos do

; Carlos, Filipe Selau

Ciência Rural

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2023, Volume 53 N. 1 elocation e20210584

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O nitrogênio é o elemento fornecido pelo solo que mais limita o desenvolvimento do arroz irrigado. A hipótese do presente trabalho é que para atender a uma maior demanda de nitrogênio pela planta devido ao maior potencial de rendimento, não é necessário aplicar uma dose maior de fertilizante nitrogenado. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito do potencial produtivo de cultivares de arroz na resposta ao nitrogênio. Um experimento de campo foi instalado no Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Os fatores de tratamento avaliados foram cultivar, com ciclos médio e curto sob doses de 0 e 150 kg N ha-1. Foram analisadas curvas de crescimento, marcha de absorção, teor de nitrogênio e índice de área foliar ao longo do tempo, área radicular e produtividade de grãos. A cultivar de ciclo médio apresenta maior potencial de exploração do ambiente quando comparada a cultivar de arroz de ciclo curto, tanto pela maior área foliar quanto pela maior área superficial da raiz por área. Assim, a cultivar de ciclo médio tem maior capacidade de exploração de recursos e maior eficiência no aproveitamento do nitrogênio, o que é de grande importância para uma agricultura mais sustentável.

ABSTRACT: Nitrogen (N) is the element supplied by the soil that limits the development of irrigated rice. The hypothesis of the present is that to meet higher demand for N by the plant due to the higher potential yield, it is not necessary to apply a higher dose of N fertilizer. This studyevaluated the efficiency of N utilization, the rate of growth and accumulations of N by plants and the grain yield of two rice cultivars, short cycle and medium cycle, with and without N fertilization. A field experiment was installed in the Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The treatment factors evaluated were cultivar, with medium and short cycles, with doses of 0 and 150 kg N ha-1. Growth curves, absorption rate, N content and leaf area index over time, root area and grain yield were analyzed. The medium cycle cultivar has a greater potential to explore the environment when compared to the short cycle rice cultivar, both for greater leaf area and root area per cultivation area, as well as for longer exploration times. Thus, the medium cycle cultivar has greater N utilization efficiency and higher grain yield.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210584

Actitudes hacia la ciudadanía digital en estudiantes universitarios del sur de Sonora, México
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Rendón Gil, Jesús Guillermo Rolando

; Angulo Armenta, Joel

; Torres Gastelú, Carlos Arturo

Apertura (Guadalajara, Jal.)

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2023, Volume 15 N. 1 Pages 70 - 83

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract This study analyzed the attitudes of university students towards digital citizenship to improve practices when using technologies. The methodological design was mixed with a qualitative phenomenological approach and the quantitative part was correlational-causal with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. 84 students participated, of which 45 were studying engineering and 39 undergraduates. To obtain data, a semi-structured survey was applied individually to 72 participants, a focus group of three key informants and nine in an interview. The findings show that the process of appropriation of digital citizenship in university students still has a long way to go, given the limited acquisition of behaviors inherent to the proper exercise of digital citizenship. In this sense, the results are expressed in two aspects; on the one hand, the positive attitude where technology is expressed as an important part of society and its development, on the other hand, there is the negative attitude that perceives technology as a mere expendable tool. Finally, it is concluded that students must still improve the use of technologies since this use can negatively affect their training process.

RESUMEN Este estudio analizó las actitudes de estudiantes universitarios hacia la ciudadanía digital para mejorar las prácticas al utilizar las tecnologías. El diseño metodológico fue mixto, con enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico y cuantitativo correlacional-causal de diseño transversal no experimental. En la investigación participaron 84 estudiantes, 45 de ingeniería y 39 de licenciatura. Para la obtención de datos se utilizó una encuesta semiestructurada aplicada de forma individual a 72 participantes, a un grupo focal de tres informantes clave y a nueve en una entrevista. Los hallazgos muestran que el proceso de apropiación de la ciudadanía digital en los estudiantes universitarios aún tiene un largo camino por recorrer, debido a la escasa adquisición de comportamientos inherentes al buen ejercicio de la ciudadanía digital. En este sentido, los resultados se expresan en dos vertientes: por un lado, la actitud positiva, donde se plantea a la tecnología como parte importante de la sociedad y su desarrollo; por el otro, la actitud negativa que percibe a la tecnología como una herramienta prescindible. Por último, se concluye que los estudiantes aún deben mejorar en el uso de las tecnologías, ya que emplearlas incorrectamente puede perjudicarlos en su proceso de formación.

https://doi.org/10.32870/ap.v15n1.2309

Vertical structure and variability of currents on the southern Brazilian inner shelf at 32°S
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Santos, Julia Gil dos

; Garcia, Carlos Alberto Eiras

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 2 elocation e23027

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study investigates the impact of winds, tides, and river discharges on the coastal current and salinity variability of Southern Brazil’s inner shelf. Data on wind speed, current, surface salinity, and temperature were collected for analysis from a metocean buoy of the Brazilian Coastal Monitoring System (SiMCosta). The observed current time series can be interpreted as a sum of highly variable flows correlated with local wind stress, and a residual mean current flowing southward along the coast at a few centimeters per second. Tidal currents were predominantly diurnal, albeit negligible, representing approximately 1.7% of the current variance in the region. We observed a prevalence of northwest winds and southeastward currents on the inner shelf, as well as an intermittent flow in both the alongshore and cross-shore directions due to meteorological frontal system passages. The power spectrum of both current components presented similar frequency patterns, indicating the prevalence of high-energy events in periods of 3 to 10 days over the entire time series. The alongshore current is highly correlated (r=0.73, p<0.05) with alongshore wind and a delay of 3 hours. In the low- (period >40 h) and high-frequency (period <40 h), the temporal lags were of 5 and 3 hours, respectively, with correlations of 0.79 (p<0.05) and 0.60 (p<0.05). The wavelet analysis has shown that high-energy events in alongshore wind stress are more common between August and October and less often between February and March, with similar surface currents and salinity patterns. A decrease in surface salinity during the winter season was observed due to the high level of Patos Lagoon’s outflow. Mean daily salinity correlated negatively with Patos Lagoon’s outflow, however part of this variability is associated with the intrusion of Patos Lagoon’s plume and the passage of frontal systems.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22054jgds

The SISBIOTA-Diptera Brazilian Network: A long-term survey of Diptera from unexplored Brazilian Western Arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal
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Lamas, Carlos José Einicker

; Fachin, Diego Aguilar

; Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes

; Alcantara, Daniel Máximo Correa de

; Ale-Rocha, Rosaly

; Amorim, Dalton de Souza

; Araújo, Maíra Xavier

; Ascendino, Sharlene

; Baldassio, Letícia

; Bellodi, Carolina Ferraz

; Bravo, Freddy

; Calhau, Julia

; Capellari, Renato Soares

; Carmo-Neto, Antonio Marcelino do

; Cegolin, Bianca Melo

; Couri, Márcia Souto

; Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de

; Dios, Rodrigo de Vilhena Perez

; Falcon, Aida Vanessa Gomez

; Fusari, Livia Maria

; Garcia, Carolina de Almeida

; Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo Henrique

; Gomes, Marina Morim

; Graciolli, Gustavo

; Gudin, Filipe Macedo

; Henriques, Augusto Loureiro

; Krolow, Tiago Kütter

; Mendes, Luanna Layla

; Limeira-de-Oliveira, Francisco

; Maia, Valéria Cid

; Marinoni, Luciane

; Mello, Ramon Luciano

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

; Morales, Mírian Nunes

; Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira

; Patiu, Claudemir

; Proença, Barbara

; Pujol-Luz, Cristiane Vieira de Assis

; Pujol-Luz, José Roberto

; Rafael, José Albertino

; Riccardi, Paula Raile

; Rodrigues, João Paulo Vinicios

; Roque, Fabio de Oliveira

; Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb

; Santis, Marcelo Domingos de

; Santos, Charles Morphy Dias dos

; Santos, Josenilson Rodrigues dos

; Savaris, Marcoandre

; Shimabukuro, Paloma Helena Fernandes

; Silva, Vera Cristina

; Schelesky-Prado, Daniel de Castro

; Silva-Neto, Alberto Moreira da

; Camargo, Alexssandro

; Sousa, Viviane Rodrigues de

; Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia

; Wiedenbrug, Sofia

; Yamaguchi, Carolina

; Nihei, Silvio Shigueo

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2023, Volume 67 N. 4 elocation e20230051

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The SISBIOTA-BRASIL was a three-year multimillion-dollar research program of the Brazilian government to document plants and animals in endangered/understudied areas and biomes in Brazil. Distributional patterns and the historical events that generated them are extensively unknown regarding Brazilian fauna and flora. This deficiency hinders the development of conservation policies and the understanding of evolutionary processes. Conservation decisions depend on precise knowledge of the taxonomy and geographic distribution of species. Given such a premise, we proposed to research the diversity of Diptera of the Brazilian western arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Rondônia. Three important biomes of the South American continent characterize these Brazilian states: Amazon forest, Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah), and Pantanal. Besides their ecological relevance, these biomes historically lack intensive entomological surveys. Therefore, they are much underrepresented in the Brazilian natural history collections and in the scientific literature, which is further aggravated by the fact that these areas are being exponentially and rapidly converted to commercial lands. Our project involved over 90 collaborators from 24 different Brazilian institutions and one from Colombia among researchers, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, and technicians. We processed and analyzed nearly 300,000 specimens from ~60 families of Diptera collected with a large variety of methods in the sampled areas. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the genera and species diversity of 41 families treated. Our results point to a total of 2,130 species and 514 genera compiled and identified for the three states altogether, with an increase of 41% and 29% in the numbers of species and genera known for the three states combined, respectively. Overall, the 10 most species-rich families were Tachinidae, Cecidomyiidae, Tabanidae, Psychodidae, Sarcophagidae, Stratiomyidae, Bombyliidae, Syrphidae, Tephritidae, and Asilidae. The 10 most diverse in the number of genera were Tachinidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Mycetophilidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, Dolichopodidae, Sarcophagidae, and Chloropidae. So far, 111 scientific papers were published regarding taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographical aspects of the studied families, with the description of 101 new species and three new genera. We expect that additional publications will result from this investigation because several specimens are now curated and being researched by specialists.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0051

Physiological and yield response to fertilization of short-cycle Solanum tuberosum cultivars in three high-Andean environments
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Benavides-Cardona, Carlos Andrés

; Marcillo-Paguay, Carlos Alberto

; Gómez-Gil, Luis Fernando

; Romero, Juan Vicente

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín

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dec 2022, Volume 75 N. 3 Pages 10009 - 10021

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The variability of potato cultivars and environments in the production area of Nariño-Colombia, demands the adjustment of agronomic recommendations for the improvement of crop management. Physiological behavior and yield of four short-cycle potato cultivars were evaluated: Solanum tuberosum Phureja groups (Mambera, Ratona Morada and Criolla Colombia) and Andigena (Morasurco), under three environments, characterized edaphoclimatically (AH1, AH2, and AH4) and three fertilization levels. The yield components did not present differences between these levels, except for AH2, where level 3 surpassed the others in yield, and AH3 for harvest index with differences between levels. Regarding the cultivars, there were statistical differences in all environments; the highest yield was obtained by Ratona Morada and Mambera in AH4, Criolla Colombia in AH1, and a homogeneous behavior for Morasurco in all environments. In AH1 and AH2 the physiological indexes were similar in proportion and occurrence, while in AH4 the behavior was variable, with higher values in Morasurco and Mambera. ANOVA and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) differentiated Morasurco from Phureja cultivars and Criolla Colombia from Ratona and Mambera. The grouping of environments in the DAPC ratifies the classification of the environments. The nutritional requirements of the genotypes can be limited by elements different from those evaluated; the productivity was mainly influenced by the environments; Mambera and Ratona Morada are established as alternatives in the AH4 environment, and Criolla Colombia and Morasurco in the other environments.

RESUMEN La variabilidad de cultivares de papa y ambientes en la zona productora de Nariño-Colombia, demanda el ajuste de recomendaciones agronómicas para mejorar el manejo del cultivo. Se evaluó el comportamiento fisiológico y el rendimiento de cuatro cultivares de papa de ciclo corto: Solanum tuberosum grupos Phureja (Mambera, Ratona Morada y Criolla Colombia) y Andigena (Morasurco), bajo tres ambientes caracterizados edafoclimáticamente (AH1, AH2 y AH4) y tres niveles de fertilización. Los componentes de rendimiento no presentaron diferencias entre estos niveles, a excepción de AH2, donde el nivel 3 superó a los demás en rendimiento y AH3 para índice de cosecha con diferencias entre niveles. Con respecto a los cultivares, hubo diferencias estadísticas en todos los ambientes; el mayor rendimiento lo obtuvo Ratona Morada y Mambera en AH4, Criolla Colombia en AH1 y un comportamiento homogéneo para Morasurco en todos los ambientes. En AH1 y AH2 los índices fisiológicos fueron similares en proporción y ocurrencia, mientras en AH4 el comportamiento fue variable, con mayores valores en Morasurco y Mambera. El ANOVA y el análisis discriminante de componentes principales (DAPC) diferenciaron a los cultivares Morasurco de Phureja y a Criolla Colombia de Ratona y Mambera. La agrupación de ambientes en el DAPC ratifica la clasificación de los ambientes. Los requerimientos nutricionales de los genotipos pueden estar limitados por elementos diferentes a los evaluados; la productividad fue influenciada principalmente por los ambientes; se establece a Mambera y Ratona Morada como alternativa en el ambiente AH4, y Criolla Colombia y Morasurco en los otros ambientes.

https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v75n3.99191

Estilos de comunicación: Una revisión teórica hacia las habilidades directivas en las organizaciones.
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Gil-Díaz, Liliana

; Martínez-Prats, Germán

; Rodríguez-Garza, Carlos Alberto

Revista Científica de la UCSA

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dec 2022, Volume 9 N. 3 Pages 85 - 96

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to analyze, based on a theoretical review and according to various authors, communication styles as a strategic element of managerial skills in organizations, describing the importance of treating communication strategically at different levels. managers as an instrument or tool that leaders can manage to improve their organizations. It is essential that managers have skills in which they are required to know themselves, learn to manage time, stress and have analytical solutions, negotiation power, motivate their collaborators and the sensitivity to listen to different opinions, as well as having the ability to know how to delegate and generate positive changes and, above all, achieve teamwork, since they are key characteristics for the development of communication in today's organizations. According to the studies analyzed, several experts emphasize that efficient communication styles among employees in organizations are essential for achieving the objectives and goals set. In which managers have the responsibility to direct, control and work as a team as mentioned above. It is concluded that communication styles as a strategic element of administrative skills benefits the flow of information between employees and areas that are part of the company, increasing efficiency, productivity and maintaining an efficient dialogue and inclusion of its workers, reflecting in profitability and permanence of organizations.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la presente investigación, es analizar a partir de una revisión teórica y de acuerdo a diversos autores los estilos de comunicación como elemento estratégico de las habilidades directivas en las organizaciones, describiendo la importancia del tratamiento de la comunicación de manera estratégica en los niveles directivos como un instrumento o herramienta que pueden gestionar los líderes para mejorar sus organizaciones. Es fundamental que los directivos cuenten con habilidades en las cuales se exijan conocerse así mismo, aprender a manejar el tiempo, estrés y contar con soluciones analíticas, poder de negociación, motivar a sus colaboradores y la sensibilidad de escuchar las diferentes opiniones, así como tener la capacidad de saber cómo delegar y generar cambios positivos y sobre todo lograr el trabajo en equipo, puesto que son características claves para el desarrollo de la comunicación en las organizaciones actuales. De acuerdo a los estudios analizados, varios expertos destacan que los estilos de comunicación eficiente entre los colaboradores en las organizaciones, son indispensables para el logro de los objetivos y las metas planteadas. En la cual los directivos tienen la responsabilidad de dirigir, controlar y trabajar en equipo como se mencionó anteriormente. Se concluye que los estilos de comunicación como elemento estratégico de las habilidades administrativas beneficia el flujo de información entre los colaboradores y áreas que forman parte de la empresa, aumentando la eficiencia, la productividad y manteniendo un dialogo eficiente y una inclusión de sus trabajadores, reflejándose en rentabilidad y permanencia de las organizaciones.

https://doi.org/10.18004/ucsa/2409-8752/2022.009.03.85

10.

Paracoccidioidomycosis with digestive manifestations in a pediatric patient
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Ormeño-Julca, Alexis J.

; Polar Córdova, Victoria

; Mannucci Tragodara, Sophia M.

; García Collao, Carlos

; Gil-Arroyo-Álvarez, Ángela G.

Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México

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dec 2022, Volume 79 N. 6 Pages 396 - 401

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: La paracoccidioidomicosis es una infección sistémica producida por el hongo Paracoccidioides. Se puede presentar de dos formasuna forma aguda/subaguda, cuyas manifestaciones más frecuentes incluyen pérdida de peso, fiebre, anemia y adenopatías, y una forma crónica con manifestaciones principalmente respiratorias. Las manifestaciones digestivas, aunque pueden presentarse, no se reportan frecuentemente. La paracoccidioidomicosis afecta usualmente a varones adultos que trabajan en labores agrícolas, por lo que su presentación en niños es poco frecuente. Caso clínico: Se describe el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 9 años de edad con diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis, con dolor abdominal y diarrea como manifestaciones iniciales de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Se reporta este caso, no solamente por la edad de presentación, sino también por la existencia de síntomas digestivos desde el inicio de la enfermedad, ambos reportados en forma infrecuente en la literatura.

Abstract Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides. It may present in two forms: an acute/subacute form, whose most frequent manifestations include weight loss, fever, anemia, and adenopathy, and a chronic condition with mainly respiratory symptoms. Digestive symptoms, although they may occur, are not frequently reported. Paracoccidioidomycosis usually affects adult male agricultural workers; thus, its presentation in children is rare. Case report: We describe the case of a 9-year-old male patient diagnosed with paracoccidioidomycosis, who showed abdominal pain and diarrhea as initial manifestations of the disease. Conclusions: This case is reported not only because of the age of presentation but also due to the existence of digestive symptoms from the onset of the disease, both infrequently reported in the literature.

https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.21000229

11.

Evaluando la experiencia local: primeros 50 casos de reparo endovascular de aneurismas aórticos en Manizales, Colombia
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Torres-España, Nicolás Felipe

; Solarte-Pineda, Herney

; Gómez-Vera, Carlos Eduardo

; Sepúlveda-Gallego, Luz Elena

; Esparza-Albornoz, Ángela Sofía

; Gil-Guerrero, María Alejandra

Revista Colombiana de Cirugía

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sep 2022, Volume 37 N. 3 Pages 434 - 447

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction. In recent decades, endovascular therapy in abdominal aortic aneurysms has gained a representative role in surgical scenarios, which motivated us to learn about the results of this procedure in our population. Methods. Retrospective analytical study, which included the first 50 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms with endovascular therapy, in the city of Manizales, Colombia, between 2015 and 2021. The study population was described as the relationship between pre-surgical history and post-operative complications, hospital stay and mortality. Results. The average age was 73 years, the predominant sex was female (72%), the fusiform aneurysm was the most frequent type (63.3%), with an average diameter of 70 mm (± 17.3 mm). In relation to history, the most frequent was arterial hypertension (86%), finding an association between the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension with complications. A relationship was also found between the creatinine value and complications. Early complications were mild in most cases (30.6%), unlike late complications, which were mainly serious (12.5%), associated with a mortality of 10.2% and a hospital stay average of 10.8 days (median of 5 days). Conclusions. The analyzed population has a high burden of morbidity, in which factors such as pre-surgical medical history and renal function are associated with greater post-surgical morbidity and mortality.

Resumen Introducción. En las últimas décadas, la terapia endovascular en aneurismas aórticos abdominales ha ganado un papel representativo en los escenarios quirúrgicos, lo que nos motivó a conocer los resultados de este procedimiento en nuestra población. Métodos. Estudio analítico retrospectivo en el cual se incluyeron los primeros 50 casos de aneurismas aórticos abdominales con terapia endovascular, en la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia, entre los años 2015 y 2021. Se describió la población estudiada, la relación de los antecedentes prequirúrgicos con las complicaciones posoperatorias, la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad. Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 73 años, el sexo predominante fue el femenino (72 %), el aneurisma fusiforme fue el tipo más frecuente (63,3 %), con un diámetro promedio de 70 mm (+/- 17,3 mm). En relación con los antecedentes, el más frecuente fue hipertensión arterial (86 %), encontrándose una asociación entre la presencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica e hipertensión arterial con las complicaciones. Se encontró también relación entre el valor de creatinina con las complicaciones. Las complicaciones tempranas fueron de carácter leve en la mayoría de los casos (30,6 %), a diferencia de las tardías, que fueron principalmente graves (12,5 %), asociadas a una mortalidad del 10,2 % y una estancia hospitalaria promedio de 10,8 días (mediana de 5 días). Conclusiones. La población analizada tiene una alta carga de morbilidad, en la cual factores como los antecedentes médicos prequirúrgicos y la función renal, se asocian con una mayor morbilidad postquirúrgica y mortalidad.

https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.940 38 downloads

12.

Alimentación en tiempo restringido: Efectos cardiometabólicos en adultos con exceso de peso
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Bórquez, Juan Carlos

; Yáñez-Barros, Edson

; Carrera-Gil, Frank

; Briones, Lautaro

Revista chilena de nutrición

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aug 2022, Volume 49 N. 4 Pages 486 - 493

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT In obesity, insulin resistance and arterial hypertension are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality risk. Time Restricted Feeding (TRF) has emerged as a dietary intervention that can help counteract the consequences of obesity. In the present review, we analyze TRF effects and its application on insulin resistance and high blood pressure. Finally, we discuss other factors underlying cardiometabolic effects and provide practical considerations.

RESUMEN En individuos con malnutrición por exceso, tanto la resistencia a la insulina como la hipertensión arterial se asocian al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Desde el punto de vista nutricional, la alimentación en tiempo restringido (ATR) emerge como una intervención dietoterapéutica que puede contribuir a contrarrestar las consecuencias de la malnutrición por exceso. La siguiente revisión describe el efecto de la aplicación de la ATR sobre la resistencia a la insulina y presión arterial elevada. Finalmente, se abordan otros factores que subyacen a los efectos cardiometabólicos y consideraciones prácticas.

70 downloads

13.

Estrategias para el diseño de sistemas de drenaje urbano en la ciudad de Santa Clara.
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Castillo García, Carlos Lázaro

; Díaz Pérez, Tomás

; Álvarez Gil, Lamberto

; Álvarez Gonzáles, Michael

Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental

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aug 2022, Volume 43 N. 2 Pages 44 - 57

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT This research proposes a strategy for the design of Urban Drainage Systems based on the application of new concepts based on specialized software for its modeling and analysis, using the city of Santa Clara as a case study. The main objective of the strategy is to prepare comprehensive solution proposals for the places most affected by floods. The results obtained allow recognizing the existence in the city of 66 Urban Hydrological Areas, of which a total of 24 are of interest, and 16 Urban Drainage Systems are proposed as an integral solution, with a total length of its layout of 40.69 km and having a direct impact on 42 Critical Drainage Points in the city.

RESUMEN En la presente investigación se propone una estrategia para el diseño de Sistemas de Drenaje Urbano a partir de la aplicación de nuevos conceptos basados en softwares especializados para su modelación y análisis, utilizando como caso de estudio la ciudad de Santa Clara. El objetivo principal de la estrategia es la elaboración de propuestas de solución integrales a los lugares más afectados por inundaciones. Los resultados obtenidos permiten reconocer la existencia en la ciudad de 66 Áreas Hidrológicas Urbanas, de las cuales son de interés un total de 24, y se propone como solución integral 16 Sistemas de Drenaje Urbano, con una longitud total de su trazado de 40,69 km y teniendo un impacto directo en 42 Puntos Críticos de Drenaje en la ciudad.

14.

Estudio de post-comercialización de la bupivacaína hiperbárica en pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Instituto Pedro Kourí
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Barrios Piloto, Ironel

; García Blanco, Danays

; , Leidy

; Gravier Hernández, Rosario

; Tarragó Portelles, Sury Saday

; Milián Díaz, Lazara de la Caridad

; Calderón Rodríguez, Ileana

; Rabeiro Martinez, Carlos Luis

; Gil del Valle, Lizette

Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas

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aug 2022, Volume 53 N. 2 Pages 140 - 147

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Local Anesthetics (LA) of the monoamide family have become the group of greatest demand during surgical procedures due to a lower incidence of adverse reactions in the metabolism of human beings. Bupivacaine belongs to this group. In Cuba, there is a new formulation of this drug register in CECMED at 2014, now with hyperbaric presentation, for which a prospective descriptive post commercialization study was carried out in the different surgical interventions performed at the Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine (IPK) since July 2018 to February 2019. Hyperbaric bupivacaine administered via the spinal subarachnoid route was used as the anesthetic of choice in 21 of the interventions performed during this period. 71.4% of the operated patients presented some pathological history, the most frequent being arterial hypertension, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus and HIV infection, respectively. The 57.15% of the patients used one or two medications as their basic treatment, 9.5% more than two medications and 33% had no treatment at all. Anesthesia was effective in 20 of the interventions performed and it was not in only one patient, a result that could be related to failures in the administration technique (low volume of the drug and low speed of drug administration), but not with the quality intrinsic to the product. These results demonstrated that Cuban-made hyperbaric bupivacaine provided effective and safe surgical analgesia in studied patients.

RESUMEN Los Anestésicos Locales (AL) de la familia monoamidas se han convertido en el grupo de mayor demanda durante la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos debido a una menor incidencia de reacciones adversas en el metabolismo del ser humano. Dentro de este grupo se encuentra la bupivacaína. En Cuba, existe una nueva formulación de este fármaco con registro CECMED en el 2014, ahora con presentación hiperbárica, por lo que se realizó un estudio de post comercialización de tipo observacional descriptivo prospectivo, en las diferentes intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí (IPK) desde julio 2018 a febrero de 2019. La bupivacaína hiperbárica administrada por vía espinal subaracnoidea, fue utilizada como anestésico de elección en 21 de las intervenciones realizadas durante este período. El 71,4 % de los pacientes operados presentaron algún antecedente patológico, siendo los más frecuentes la hipertensión arterial, asma bronquial, diabetes mellitus y la infección por VIH. El 57,15% de los pacientes llevaban como tratamiento de base uno o dos medicamentos, el 9,5 % más de dos medicamentos y el 33 % no llevaban tratamiento alguno. La anestesia fue efectiva en 20 de las intervenciones realizadas y solo en un paciente no lo fue, resultado que pudiera estar relacionado con fallos en la técnica de administración (bajo volumen del fármaco y baja velocidad de administración del mismo), pero no con la calidad intrínseca del producto. Estos resultados demostraron que la bupivacaína hiperbárica de fabricación cubana, proporcionó una efectiva y segura analgesia quirúrgica en los pacientes estudiados.

15.

Ventilador mecânico invasivo de emergência resistente e de fácil manutenção
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Fonte, Paulo J. R.

; Martinho, Alberto

; Pereira, Américo

; Gomes, Andreia

; Neves, Ângela

; Abrunhosa, Antero

; Bugalho, António

; Gabriel-Santos, António

; Grilo, António

; Carmo, Carlos

; Maltez, Elsa

; Nascimento, João Agostinho do

; Goes, João

; Martins, João

; Oliveira, João Pedro

; Pimenta, Jorge

; Santos, José Paulo

; Gil, Luís C.

; Lopes, Luís

; Pimenta, Mário

; Moreira, Olga

; Cunha, Orlando

; Sousa, Pedro Pinheiro de

; Póvoa, Pedro

; Cavaco-Gonçalves, Sandra

; Barroso, Susana

; Santos, Telmo G.

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva

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jul 2022, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 351 - 359

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Desenvolver um ventilador mecânico invasivo simples, resistente, seguro e eficiente que possa ser utilizado em áreas remotas do mundo ou zonas de guerra, em que a utilidade prática de equipamentos mais sofisticados é limitada por questões de manutenção, disponibilidade de peças, transporte e/ou custo. Métodos: O dispositivo implementa o modo de ventilação mandatória contínua com pressão controlada, complementado por um simples modo assisto-controlado. Pode-se também utilizar a pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas. Ao se evitar o fluxo contínuo de oxigênio ou ar, minimiza-se o consumo de gases comprimidos. As taxas respiratórias e as relações de tempo de inspiração e expiração são determinadas eletronicamente. Além disso, conta com um alarme de apneia/falta de energia. Resultados: Os perfis de pressão foram medidos para uma série de condições, sendo considerados ajustáveis dentro de uma margem de erro de ± 2,5cmH2O, e foram considerados bem estáveis dentro dessa variação durante um período de 41 horas. Os parâmetros de tempo do ciclo respiratório foram precisos dentro de alguns pontos percentuais durante o mesmo período. O dispositivo foi testado quanto à durabilidade por um período equivalente a 4 meses. Os testes químicos e biológicos não conseguiram identificar qualquer contaminação do gás por compostos orgânicos voláteis ou micro-organismos. Em comparação com um ventilador bem estabelecido, o teste de ventilação em um animal de grande porte mostrou que este poderia ser ventilado adequadamente durante um período de 60 minutos, sem quaisquer efeitos negativos perceptíveis durante o período subsequente de 24 horas. Conclusão: Este projeto de ventilador pode ser viável após novos testes em animais e aprovação formal pelas autoridades competentes, para aplicação clínica nas circunstâncias atípicas anteriormente mencionadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a simple, robust, safe and efficient invasive mechanical ventilator that can be used in remote areas of the world or war zones where the practical utility of more sophisticated equipment is limited by considerations of maintainability, availability of parts, transportation and/or cost. Methods: The device implements the pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation mode, complemented by a simple assist-control mode. Continuous positive airway pressure is also possible. The consumption of compressed gases is minimized by avoiding a continuous flow of oxygen or air. Respiratory rates and inspiration/expiration time ratios are electronically determined, and an apnea/power loss alarm is provided. Results: The pressure profiles were measured for a range of conditions and found to be adjustable within a ± 2.5cmH2O error margin and stable well within this range over a 41-hour period. Respiratory cycle timing parameters were precise within a few percentage points over the same period. The device was tested for durability for an equivalent period of four months. Chemical and biological tests failed to identify any contamination of the gas by volatile organic compounds or microorganisms. A ventilation test on a large animal, in comparison with a well established ventilator, showed that the animal could be adequately ventilated over a period of 60 minutes, without any noticeable negative aftereffects during the subsequent 24-hour period. Conclusion: This ventilator design may be viable, after further animal tests and formal approval by the competent authorities, for clinical application in the abovementioned atypical circumstances.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507x.20220383-pt

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