Dois experimentos foram conduzidos no Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, com o objetivo de determinar o valor nutritivo do resíduo da própolis para a alimentação de frangos de corte. No primeiro experimento, determinou-se a energia metabolizável do resíduo da própolis, utilizando o método de coleta total de excretas, segundo metodologia de Sibbald e Slinger (1963), utilizando 16 galos adultos com peso médio de 2500 + 100 g, alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo. Foram utilizadas duas rações com oito repetições de uma ave. As duas rações foram: (1) ração-referência à base de milho e farelo de soja e (2) 80% da ração-referência mais 20% do resíduo da extração da própolis. O valor de energia metabolizável aparente foi de 941 Kcal de EM/kg de MS. Ainda foram encontrados, no resíduo, 19,76% de proteína bruta, 26,76% de extrato etéreo e 14,41% de fibra bruta. Na fase de 1 a 21 dias de idade, para a variável consumo de ração, não houve efeito significativo para níveis de resíduo e para a interação níveis x sexos (P>0,05); no entanto, houve efeito significativo somente para sexos (P<0,01); o ganho de peso foi significativo para níveis e para sexos (P<0,01) e não houve interação entre níveis x sexos (P>0,05). Houve aumento no ganho de peso com nível de inclusão de até 2,86% (LRP) de resíduo na ração para ambos os sexos, observando-se ainda que, nesse período, a adição do resíduo da própolis proporcionou piora na conversão alimentar para machos e fêmeas. Na fase de 1 a 42 dias para consumo de ração, houve efeito significativo para sexos (P<0,01) e para a interação níveis x sexos (P<0,05); porém, não houve efeito para os níveis de resíduo (P>0,05). houve efeito significativo somente para os machos (P<0,05) que apresentaram um consumo máximo de 4,93% (LRP) de inclusão do resíduo na ração. O ganho de peso para machos e fêmeas nessa fase decresceu linearmente e também aumentou de forma linear para conversão alimentar em ambos os sexos, com a adição do resíduo na ração. O uso do resíduo de própolis até 2,86% na ração aumentou o ganho de peso na fase de 1 a 21 dias e, na fase de 1 a 42 dias, o uso do resíduo da própolis na alimentação de frangos de corte reduziu o ganho de peso e piorou a conversão alimentar dos frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias. Isso ocorreu provavelmente devido ao teor de fibra presente no resíduo (14,41%) e ceras (26,76%).

Two experiments were run at the Poultry Sector of the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Lavras (Brazil) with the objective of determining the nutritive value of propollis residue for broiler feeding. In the first experiment, the metabolizable energy of propollis residue was determined. In this experiment, 16 adults fed with 2,500 ± 100 g of propollis were housed in a metabolism cage (Sibbald and Slinger, 1963). Two rations with eight replicates, one bird each, after an adaptation period of three day period and feces collection for five days were utilized. The two rations were (i) reference ration based on corn and soybean meal and (ii) 80 % of the reference ration plus 20% of the propollis extraction residue. The value of apparent metabolizable energy was 941 kcal/kg DM. In addition, we found 20% crude protein, 27% ether extract, and 14% raw fiber. In the second experiment, the bird performance was evaluated by using five diets with 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% of propollis extraction residue in a completely randomized performance design. The rations were isonutritive, with four replicates of males and four females, with 30 birds each, amounting to 1.200 birds, reared in 2 × 1.5-m boxes in a stonework house. In the first phase, 1 to 21 days, for the variable ration intake, there were no significant effects for residue levels and for level × gender interaction (P >0.05). Nevertheless, there was a significant effect only for gender (P <0.01) and there was no interaction between levels and gender (P <0.05). Weight gain worsened linearly when the residue levels in the ration were raised for both males and females, observing that in this period the addition of residue provided a growing linear feed conversion for males and females. In phase 1 to 42 days, for ration intake, there was a significant effect for gender (P<0.01) and for level × gender interaction (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference among females (P <0.05). There was a significant effect only for males (P <0.05) which presented a maximum consumption of 5% of inclusion of residue in the ration. Weight gain of males and females in this phase decreased linearly and also increased in linear form for feed conversion in both genders with the addition of the residue in the ration. The use of propollis residue up to 3% in the ration increased weight gain in phase 1 to 21 days. But in broiler feeding from 1 to 42 days reduced the weight gain, worsened feed conversion and increased ration intake.

In this paper we discuss the properties of optically induced birefringence in DR19-MDI cast films that may be used in optical storage applications. The selection of DR19-MDI cast films was based on a comparative study of optical storage properties of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films from various azopolymers. DR19-MDI possesses a high residual fraction of optical birefringence and good environmental stability, which was corroborated by the data from optical storage experiments. DR19-MDI cast films maintain a reasonable level of birefringence after the initial decay due to chromophore relaxation, thus making them promising candidates for optical storage devices.

Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de enzimas carboidrases exógenas com atividade xilanase sobre a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida (EMAn) do farelo de arroz integral (FAI). As enzimas carboidrases com atividade xilanase utilizadas foram as da marca comercial Rovabio TM Excel AP, Allzyme Rice e Ronozyme WX, denominadas, respectivamente, neste trabalho, de enzimas A, B, e C. Foram utilizadas 240 aves de corte da linhagem Coob, com 21 dias de idade, alojadas em gaiolas metálicas com bandejas coletoras de excretas instaladas em uma sala de metabolismo com ambiente controlado. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, constituído por 4 dietas-referência e 4 dietas-teste e 6 repetições, totalizando 48 parcelas com 5 aves cada uma. As dietas-referência e as dietas-teste estudadas foram as seguintes: Dieta-referência à base de milho, farelo de soja, vitaminas e minerais (DR); DR + enzima A; DR + enzima B; DR + enzima C; 70% de DR + 30% de FAI; 70% de DR + 30% de FAI + enzima A; 70% de DR + 30% de FAI + enzima B e 70% de DR + 30% de FAI + enzima C. Utilizou-se o método de coleta total de excretas (Sibbald & Slinger, 1963) durante 5 dias em cada unidade experimental, precedido de 5 dias de adaptação das aves às dietas. As determinações de EMA e EMAn foram realizadas conforme metodologia de Matterson et al. (1965). A EMAn do FAI foi de 2897 kcal/kg de MS. Com o uso das enzimas carboidrases, o melhor valor de EMAn do FAI foi obtido quando utilizou-se a enzima C, sendo de 3083 kcal/kg de MS, com um aumento percentual de 6,4%. A dieta-referência que recebeu a adição da enzima C teve sua EMAn aumentada, o que não ocorreu com a utilização das outras carboidrases.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogen carbohydrase enzymes with xylanase activity on the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent corrected metabolizable energy (AMEn) of whole rice bran (WRB). The carbohydrase enzymes with xylanase activity utilized those of commercial brand Rovabio TM Excel AP, Allzyme Rice and Ronozyme WX, denominated, respectively, in this work, of enzymes A, B, and C. A. boret 240 broilers Cobb strain aged 21 days were housed in metallic cages with excreta-collecting installed in a metabolism room with controlled atmosphere. The experimental desing was completely randomized using 4 reference-diets and 4 test-diets and 6 replicates, amounting 48 plots with 5 birds each. The reference-diets and test-diets studied were the following: Reference-diet on the basis of corn, soybean meal, vitamins and minerals (RD); RD + enzyme A; RD + enzyme B; RD + enzyme C; 70% of RD + 30% of WRB; 70% of RD + 30% of WRB + enzyme A; 70% of RD + 30% of WRB + enzyme B and 70% of RD + 30% of WRB + enzyme C. The method of total excreta collection was used (Sibbald & Slinger, 1963) for 5 days in each experimental unit, preceded of 5 days of adaptation of the birds to the diets. The determinations of AME and AMEn were accomplished according to the methodology by Matterson et al. (1965). AMEn of WRB was of 2,897 kcal/kg of DM. Using the carbohydrase enzymes the best value of AMEn of WRB was obtained when enzyme C was added, its being of 3,083 kcal/kg of DM, with a percent increase of 6.4%. The reference-diet that received the addition of enzyme C, had its AMEn increased, which did not happen when the other carbohydrases was used.