The main goal of this study was to determine whether oxidative imbalance mediated by AT1 receptor (AT1R) is responsible for deleterious endothelial responses to mental stress (MS) in overweight/obese class I men. Fifteen overweight/obese men (27±7 years old; 29.8±2.6 kg/m2) participated in three randomized experimental sessions with oral administration of the AT1R blocker olmesartan (40 mg; AT1R blockade) or ascorbic acid (AA; 3g) infusion or placebo [both intravenously (0.9% NaCl) and orally]. After two hours, endothelial function was determined by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before (baseline), 30 min (30MS), and 60 min (60MS) after a five-minute acute MS session (Stroop Color Word Test). Blood was collected before (baseline), during MS, and 60 min after MS for redox homeostasis profiling: lipid peroxidation (TBARS; thiobarbituric acid reactive species), protein carbonylation, and catalase activity by colorimetry and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by an ELISA kit. At the placebo session, FMD significantly decreased 30MS (P=0.05). When compared to baseline, TBARS (P<0.02), protein carbonylation (P<0.01), catalase (P<0.01), and SOD (P<0.01) increased during the placebo session. During AT1R blockade, FMD increased 30 min after MS (P=0.01 vs baseline; P<0.01 vs placebo), while AA infusion increased FMD only 60 min after MS. No differences were observed during MS with the AT1R blockade and AA regarding TBARS, protein carbonylation, catalase, and SOD. AT1R-mediated redox imbalances played an important role in endothelial dysfunction to mental stress.

Abstract Objective To identify the frequency of recurrence of violence against women in different life cycles and to verify associated factors. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out with data on report of violence against women in the state of Espírito Santo from 2011 to 2018. Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System were used, through the Interpersonal and Self-Inflicted Violence Reporting/Investigation Form. Statistical analyzes were performed using Poisson regression and the chi-square test. Results The frequency of recurrence of violence in females was 58.9% (95%CI 58.2-59.5). Repeated violence was 1.26 times more prevalent among elderly women and 32% more frequent among those with disabilities, and reports in urban areas were 8% higher. As for the aggressor, males prevailed (Prevalence Ratio of 1.37; 95%CI 1.28-1.46), and the most frequent age group was over 25 years (Prevalence Ratio of 1.07; 95%CI 1 03-1.11). Recurrent violence was 3.28 times more committed by acquaintances and by a single perpetrator (Prevalence Ratio of 1.24). Reports of recurrent violence were 55% more prevalent in the household. Conclusion The high frequency of recurrent violence and the associations with the characteristics studied reflect the need for attention to this public as well as the importance of actions aimed at the early detection of violence and adequate assistance to victims and family aggressors, in order to avoid the perpetuation of aggression in women’s daily lives.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la frecuencia de recurrencia de la violencia contra mujeres en los diferentes ciclos de la vida y verificar los factores asociados. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado con datos de notificación de violencia contra el sexo femenino del estado de Espírito Santo, en el período de 2011 a 2018. Se utilizaron datos del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación, por medio de la Ficha de Notificación/Investigación de Violencia Interpersonal y Autoprovocada. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos mediante la regresión de Poisson y la prueba χ2 de Pearson. Resultados La frecuencia de recurrencia de violencia en personas de sexo femenino fue de 58,9 % (IC95 % 58,2-59,5). La violencia de repetición fue 1,26 veces más prevalente en mujeres mayores y 32 % más frecuente entre aquellas con discapacidad. Hubo un 8 % más de notificaciones en área urbana. Respecto al agresor, el sexo masculino prevaleció (razón de prevalencia de 1,37; IC95 % 1,28-1,46), y el grupo de edad más frecuente fue más de 25 años (razón de prevalencia de 1,07; IC95 % 1,03-1,11). La violencia recurrente fue 3,28 veces más cometida por conocidos y por un único agresor (razón de prevalencia de 1,24). Las notificaciones de violencia recurrente fueron un 55 % más prevalentes en la residencia. Conclusión La alta frecuencia de violencia de repetición y las asociaciones con las características estudiadas reflejan la necesidad de atención a este público, así como la importancia de acciones que busquen la detección temprana de la violencia y la atención adecuada a las víctimas y a los agresores familiares, a fin de evitar la perpetuación de las agresiones en la vida cotidiana de las mujeres.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a frequência de recorrência da violência contra mulheres nos diferentes ciclos de vida e verificar os fatores associados. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com dados de notificação de violência contra o sexo feminino do estado do Espírito Santo no período de 2011 a 2018. Utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, por meio da Ficha de Notificação/Investigação de Violência Interpessoal e Autoprovocada. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas por meio da regressão de Poisson e do teste do qui-quadrado. Resultados A frequência de recorrência de violência no sexo feminino foi de 58,9% (IC95% 58,2-59,5). A violência de repetição foi 1,26 vez mais prevalente nas idosas e 32% mais frequente entre aquelas com deficiência; as notificações em área urbana foram 8% maiores. Quanto ao agressor, o sexo masculino prevaleceu (razão de prevalência de 1,37; IC95% 1,28-1,46), e faixa etária mais frequente foi mais de 25 anos (razão de prevalência de 1,07; IC95% 1,03-1,11). A violência recorrente foi 3,28 vezes mais cometida por conhecidos e por um agressor único (razão de prevalência de 1,24). As notificações de violência recorrente foram 55% mais prevalentes na residência. Conclusão A alta frequência da violência de repetição e as associações com as características estudadas refletem a necessidade de atenção a esse público, bem como a importância de ações que visem à detecção precoce da violência e à adequada assistência às vítimas e aos agressores familiares, a fim de evitar a perpetuação das agressões no cotidiano das mulheres.

Resumen La leucosis enzoótica bovina (LEB) es una infección económicamente importante del ganado lechero, causada por el virus de la leucemia enzoótica bovina (VLEB). El método habitual de propagación de la infección por VLEB es la transmisión horizontal, a través de la exposición directa e indirecta de animales susceptibles a los linfocitos infectados de la sangre o de la leche. Tras la infección los animales aparentan estar clínicamente sanos durante los primeros años postinfección, pero entre el 30 y 70 % de los animales pueden desarrollar linfocitosis persistente y del 0.1 a 10 % de los bovinos sufren de linfosarcoma. Esta infección se detecta mediante pruebas serológicas, generalmente por el ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA). El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la seroprevalencia de VLEB en hembras bovinas del municipio de Paipa (Boyacá). El estudio epidemiológico fue observacional descriptivo de corte (transversal) con muestreo aleatorio simple, en donde se recolectaron 1000 muestras de suero las cuales fueron procesadas mediante la técnica de ELISA indirecta implementando el kit comercial SERELISA® BLV Ab Mono Blocking. Se determinó una seroprevalencia de 31.1 % (311/1000) encontrando asociación estadística significativa entre la raza, la edad y la seropositividad al virus.

Abstract Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) is an economically important infection of dairy cattle, caused by the Enzootic Bovine Leukemia Virus (EBLV). The usual method of spread of EBLV infection is horizontal transmission, through direct and indirect exposure of susceptible animals to infected lymphocytes from blood or milk. After infection, animals appear to be clinically healthy during the first years after infection, but between 30 and 70 % of animals may develop persistent lymphocytosis and 0.1 to 10 % of cattle suffer from lymphosarcoma. This infection is detected by serological tests, usually by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The objective of this research was to determine the seroprevalence of EBLV in bovine females from the municipality of Paipa (Boyacá). The epidemiological study was Descriptive Observational (Cross-sectional) with simple random sampling, where 1000 serum samples were collected, which were processed using the indirect ELISA technique implementing the commercial kit SERELISA® BLV Ab Mono Blocking. A seroprevalence of 31.1 % (311/1000) was determined, finding a statistically significant association between breed, age and seropositivity for the virus.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre aleitamento materno exclusivo em unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Macaé. Métodos: estudo qualitativo realizado em quatro unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Macaé, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entrevistaram-se 30 profissionais de saúde entre março e maio de 2019. Os conteúdos textuais foram processados no software IRaMuTeQ® pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: os profissionais utilizam diferentes estratégias para ações de promoção, proteção e apoio ao aleitamento materno nas consultas de pré-natal, mas determinantes sociais e culturais são questões importantes que interferem nesse processo, sendo essencial o envolvimento da família para o sucesso dessa prática. Considerações Finais: os profissionais de saúde, incluindo os enfermeiros, necessitam de treinamento e capacitação para fortalecer o apoio e a rede social da gestante e inserir a família nas diferentes estratégias utilizadas para melhorar a adesão ao aleitamento materno exclusivo.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the perception of health professionals about exclusive breastfeeding in Family Health Strategy units in the city of Macaé. Methods: qualitative study carried out in four units of the Family Health Strategy in the city of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Thirty health professionals were interviewed from March to May 2019. Textual contents were processed in the IRaMuTeQ® software by the Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: professionals use different strategies for actions to promote, protect and support breastfeeding in prenatal consultations, but social and cultural determinants are important issues that interfere in this process, the involvement of the family being essential for the success of this practice. Final Considerations: health professionals, including nurses, need training and qualification to strengthen the support and social network of pregnant women and insert the family in the different strategies used to improve adherence to exclusive breastfeeding.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la percepción de los profesionales de la salud sobre la lactancia materna exclusiva en las unidades de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de Macaé. Métodos: estudio cualitativo realizado en cuatro unidades de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en la ciudad de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Treinta profesionales de la salud fueron entrevistados de marzo a mayo de 2019. Los contenidos textuales fueron procesados en el software IRaMuTeQ® por la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Resultados: los profesionales utilizan diferentes estrategias de acciones para promover, proteger y apoyar la lactancia materna en las consultas prenatales, pero los determinantes sociales y culturales son cuestiones importantes que interfieren en este proceso, siendo el involucramiento de la familia fundamental para el éxito de esta práctica. Consideraciones Finales: los profesionales de la salud, incluidos los enfermeros, necesitan capacitación y capacitación para fortalecer el apoyo y la red social de la gestante e insertar a la familia en las diferentes estrategias utilizadas para mejorar la adherencia a la lactancia materna exclusiva.

Resumo Este estudo objetiva avaliar as técnicas de diagnóstico da tripanossomíase, causada pelo Trypanosoma vivax, em bovinos naturalmente infectados, em Minas Gerais, Zona da Mata. A morte de seis vacas em lactação com condições clínicas semelhantes - caracterizadas por hiporexia, hipogalaxia e decúbito - foi relatada em uma propriedade. Inicialmente, dois animais foram examinados e diagnosticados com tripanossomíase através da identificação do protozoário em esfregaço sanguíneo. Após o diagnóstico inicial, todas as vacas em lactação (n = 37) na propriedade foram examinadas, e amostras de sangue foram coletadas para testes, incluindo esfregaço de sangue total, esfregaço de capa leucocitária, técnica de Woo, ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). O teste de Woo, os esfregaços de capa leucocitária e de sangue total indicaram que 4/37 (10,81%) animais foram positivos para tripanossomíase, enquanto ELISA e PCR indicaram que 33/37 (89,19%) e 27/37 (72,97%) animais, respectivamente, foram positivos. A concordância entre técnicas parasitológicas foi classificada como alta, enquanto entre ELISA e PCR, sem concordância. As técnicas parasitológicas apresentam baixa capacidade para identificar animais infectados na fase crônica da infecção por T. vivax. Dessa forma, técnicas como PCR e/ou ELISA devem ser utilizadas para minimizar a ocorrência de falsos negativos.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic techniques for trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, in naturally infected cattle in Minas Gerais, Zona da Mata. The deaths of six lactating cows with similar clinical conditions—characterized by hyporexia, hypogalactia, and recumbency—had been reported from one property. Initially, two animals were examined and diagnosed with trypanosomiasis through identification of the protozoan in a blood smear. After the initial diagnosis, all lactating cows (n=37) on the property were examined, and blood samples were collected for tests including whole blood smear, buffy coat smear, Woo's technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Woo's test, buffy coat smears, and whole blood smears indicated that 4/37 (10.81%) animals were positive for trypanosomiasis, whereas ELISA and PCR indicated that 33/37 (89.19%) and 27/37 (72.97%) animals, respectively, were positive. The agreement obtained between parasitological techniques was classified as high, while between ELISA and PCR, no agreement. In conclusion, parasitological techniques have a low capacity to identify infected animals in the chronic stage of T. vivax infection. Therefore, techniques such as PCR and/or ELISA should be used to minimize the occurrence of false negatives.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of irradiance and radiant exposure on the chemical–mechanical properties of a resin composite. A micro-hybrid resin composite (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) was investigated under two different irradiances: low (300 mW/cm2) and high (800 mW/cm2) and radiant exposures: 8 and 16 J/cm2. Four groups, named Low 8 J/cm2, High 8 J/cm2, Low 16 J/cm2, and High 16 J/cm2 were tested, and their flexural strengths, elastic moduli, depths of cure, and degrees of conversion were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. A multiple linear regression model was used to correlate the irradiance and radiant exposure with dependent variables (α = 0.05). Irradiance and radiant exposure were found statistically significant for all dependent variables. The interaction between the factors was statistically significant only for the degree of conversion and elastic modulus. Group Low 16 J/cm2 exhibited a significantly superior performance in all the evaluated properties. Barring the degree of conversion, no significant differences were observed among the properties evaluated between the Low 8 J/cm2 and High 8 J/cm2 groups. The adjusted R2 values were high for the depth of cure and degree of conversion (0.58 and 0.96, respectively). Both irradiance and radiant exposure parameters play an important role in establishing the final properties of a micro-hybrid resin composite. Irradiance has a greater influence under higher radiant exposures.

RESUMO Crotalárias são culturas utilizadas principalmente para a adubação verde, controle de nematoides, fixação biológica de nitrogênio e reforma de canaviais em áreas de Cerrado. Devido à sua importância estratégica, o conhecimento sobre a tecnologia de produção de sementes de crotalária é um fator relevante para garantir a disponibilidade de sementes com elevada qualidade fsiológica. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de dois espaçamentos de semeadura (20 e 40 cm) na germinação e vigor de sementes de Crotalaria ochroleuca e Crotalaria spectabilis produzidas em dois anos agrícolas (2018 e 2019). O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (espaçamento x safra), para cada espécie. As condições climáticas durante a produção de sementes infuenciaram significativamente na qualidade fsiológica das sementes de crotalárias. A safra de 2018, com volume de chuvas mais abundante e temperaturas mais amenas durante o forescimento, proporcionou sementes mais vigorosas para ambas as espécies. O espaçamento de 20 cm foi mais efficiente para produzir sementes de C. ochroleuca com elevado desempenho fsiológico; porém, as sementes de C. spectabilis produzidas sob espaçamento de 40 cm apresentaram qualidade fsiológica mais elevada que as produzidas sob cultivo mais adensado.

ABSTRACT Crotalaria crops have important uses, such as in green manuring, nematode control, biological nitrogen fixation and sugarcane reform in Savanna areas. Due to its strategic importance, knowledge about crotalaria seed production technology is a relevant factor to ensure the availability of high physiological quality seeds. This study aimed to assess the effect of two row spacings (20 and 40 cm) on the germination and vigor of Crotalaria ochroleuca and Crotalaria spectabilis seeds produced in two crop seasons (2018 and 2019). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (spacing x crop season), for each species. The climatic conditions during seed production significantly infuenced the physiological quality of the crotalaria seeds. The 2018 harvest, with more abundant rainfall and milder temperatures during flowering, provided more vigorous seeds for both species. The 20 cm spacing was more efficient to produce C. ochroleuca seeds with high physiological performance. Notwithstanding, C. spectabilis seeds showed a higher physiological quality when produced under 40 cm spacing than when produced under denser cultivation.

ABSTRAC The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatic dystomatosis in cattle slaughtered in the Sogamoso slaughterhouse (Boyacá, Colombia), and to define the most effective diagnostic technique to establish the presence of the parasite. A sample size of 343 individuals was established considering the monthly slaughter rate of the plant. Stool, blood and bile samples were taken, and adult parasites were collected from the bile duct. The modified Ritchie technique was used in the coproparasitological examination, the bile content was analyzed by sedimentation and a standardized in- house ELISA was implemented for serological diagnosis from adult Fasciola hepatica parasites. The results showed that 29.7% (102/343) of the individuals sampled were positive for the presence of F. hepatica in at least one of the techniques used. The post mortem evaluation presented the highest value (19.8%; 68/343), followed by the inhouse ELISA (13.7%; 47/343), detection of eggs in bile (117%; 40/343) and the coprological technique (7.3%; 25/343).

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de distomatosis hepática en bovinos faenados en la planta de beneficio de Sogamoso (Boyacá, Colombia), y definir la técnica diagnóstica más efectiva para establecer la presencia del parásito. Se estableció un tamaño muestral de 343 individuos teniendo en cuenta la tasa de sacrificio mensual de la planta. Se tomaron muestras de heces, sangre y contenido biliar y se colectaron los parásitos adultos del ducto biliar. En el examen coproparasitológico se utilizó la técnica de Ritchie modificada, el contenido biliar fue analizado mediante sedimentación y para el diagnóstico serológico se implementó un ELISA in house estandarizado a partir de parásitos adultos de Fasciola hepatica. El 29.7% (102/343) de los individuos muestreados fueron positivos a la presencia de F. hepatica en por lo menos una de las técnicas empleadas. La evaluación post mortem presentó el valor más alto (19.8%; 68/343), seguido por el ELISA in house (13.7%; 47/343), detección de huevos en bilis (117%; 40/343) y la técnica coprológica (7.3%; 25/343).

Resumen En el Altiplano Central de Bolivia la producción de avena forrajera es de importancia para la alimentación del ganado herbívoro, sin embargo, los rendimientos obtenidos a nivel de productor registran bajos promedios en materia seca. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de tres variedades de avena, con niveles de hoja molida de coca como abono verde, en el Centro Experimental de Kallutaca, del departamento de La Paz. Se aplicó el diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo en parcelas divididas con cuatro repeticiones. Los factores son variedades de avena (Águila, Gaviota y Texas) y niveles de coca molida (0, 30 y 60 t ha-1), con variables días a la emergencia, número de macollos, altura de planta y rendimiento materia seca. Los resultados a días de emergencia muestran diferencias en tiempo 60 y 0 t ha-1 con 14 y 11 días. En relación al número de macollos por planta, en variedades el comportamiento es similar con un promedio 7 macollos, en relación a interacción los valores muestran significancia. En altura de planta las medias registran para la variedad Texas 137.10 cm en la interacción los valores son iguales. En materia seca, presentan diferencias significativas en 60 y 30 t ha-1 con 16 427.27 y 15 281.82 kgMS ha-1, la variedad Gaviota con 14 706.06 kgMS ha~\ Los tratamientos influyeron en el comportamiento agronómico de las variables estudiadas, los niveles de abono verde incidieron en el rendimiento de avena, principalmente en el número de macollos, que afecto a su vez, al rendimiento de materia seca, finalmente las variedades de avena tienen un comportamiento diferencial con el cambio de los niveles de abono verde.

Abstract In the Central Altiplano of Bolivia, the production of forage oats is important for the feeding of herbivorous livestock; however, the yields obtained at the producer level register low averages in dry matter. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of three oat varieties, with levels of ground coca leaf as green manure, at the Kallutaca Experimental Center in the department of La Paz. A randomized block design was applied with a divided plot arrangement with four replications. The factors were oat varieties (Aguila, Gaviota and Texas) and levels of ground coca (0, 30 and 60t ha-1), with variables daysto emergence, numberof tillers, plant height and dry matter yield. The results at days to emergence show differences in time 60 and 0 t ha-1with 14 and 11 days. In relation to the number of tillers per plant, in varieties the behavior is similar with an average of 7 tillers; in relation to interaction, the values show significance. In plant height, the means recorded for the Texas variety were 137.10 cm, in the interaction the values were equal. In dry matter, there were significant differences in 60 and 30 t ha-1 with 16 427.27 and 15 281.82 kgDM ha-1, the Gaviota variety with 14 706.06 kgDM ha-1. The treatments influenced the agronomic behavior of the variables studied, the levels of green manure affected oat yield, mainly the number of tillers, which in turn affected the dry matter yield, finally the oat varieties have a differential behavior with the change in the levels of green manure.

Resumen En el Altiplano Central de Bolivia la producción de avena forrajera es de importancia para la alimentación del ganado herbívoro, sin embargo, los rendimientos obtenidos a nivel de productor registran bajos promedios en materia seca. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de tres variedades de avena, con niveles de hoja molida de coca como abono verde, en el Centro Experimental de Kallutaca, del departamento de La Paz. Se aplicó el diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo en parcelas divididas con cuatro repeticiones. Los factores son variedades de avena (Águila, Gaviota y Texas) y niveles de coca molida (0, 30 y 60 t ha-¹), con variables días a la emergencia, número de macollos, altura de planta y rendimiento materia seca. Los resultados a días de emergencia muestran diferencias en tiempo 60 y 0 t ha-¹ con 14 y 11 días. En relación al número de macollos por planta, en variedades el comportamiento es similar con un promedio 7 macollos, en relación a interacción los valores muestran significancia. En altura de planta las medias registran para la variedad Texas 137.10 cm en la interacción los valores son iguales. En materia seca, presentan diferencias significativas en 60 y 30 t ha-¹ con 16 427.27 y 15 281.82 kgMS ha-¹, la variedad Gaviota con 14 706.06 kgMS ha~\ Los tratamientos influyeron en el comportamiento agronómico de las variables estudiadas, los niveles de abono verde incidieron en el rendimiento de avena, principalmente en el número de macollos, que afecto a su vez, al rendimiento de materia seca, finalmente las variedades de avena tienen un comportamiento diferencial con el cambio de los niveles de abono verde.

Abstract In the Central Altiplano of Bolivia, the production of forage oats is important for the feeding of herbivorous livestock; however, the yields obtained at the producer level register low averages in dry matter. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of three oat varieties, with levels of ground coca leaf as green manure, at the Kallutaca Experimental Center in the department of La Paz. A randomized block design was applied with a divided plot arrangement with four replications. The factors were oat varieties (Aguila, Gaviota and Texas) and levels of ground coca (0, 30 and 60t ha-¹), with variables daysto emergence, numberof tillers, plant height and dry matter yield. The results at days to emergence show differences in time 60 and 0 t ha-¹ with 14 and 11 days. In relation to the number of tillers per plant, in varieties the behavior is similar with an average of 7 tillers; in relation to interaction, the values show significance. In plant height, the means recorded for the Texas variety were 137.10 cm, in the interaction the values were equal. In dry matter, there were significant differences in 60 and 30 t ha-1 with 16 427.27 and 15 281.82 kgDM ha-¹, the Gaviota variety with 14 706.06 kgDM ha-¹. The treatments influenced the agronomic behavior of the variables studied, the levels of green manure affected oat yield, mainly the number of tillers, which in turn affected the dry matter yield, finally the oat varieties have a differential behavior with the change in the levels of green manure.

RESUMO. A literatura aponta que intervenções de estimulação cognitiva têm mostrado resultados promissores. O ábaco representa uma ferramenta com grande potencial nesse tipo de intervenções. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de estudos publicados nos últimos anos que buscaram, em seus métodos, oferecer um programa de treino cognitivo com o uso do ábaco para estimular habilidades-alvo em idosos e em pessoas de outras faixas etárias, com ou sem comprometimento cognitivo. Métodos: Estudo de revisão sistemática, realizado em julho de 2020, utilizando-se as bases de dados PubMed, MedLine, LILACS e SciELO. Resultados: Um total de 29 estudos foram encontrados, dos quais oito objetivaram identificar o efeito do treino de uma técnica chamada abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) em diferentes faixas etárias e verificar sua aplicabilidade como método de estimulação cognitiva para idosos. No AMC, os participantes aprendem inicialmente a manipular o ábaco físico (PA, na sigla em inglês) e, após adquirirem agilidade, passam a realizar cálculos com uma imagem mental do instrumento, manipulando as contas do denominado ábaco mental (MA, na sigla em inglês). Conclusões: O número de estudos que abordaram o uso do ábaco como ferramenta para realização de treino cognitivo foi bastante limitado diante da relevância do tema. Os estudos analisados apresentaram benefícios do treino cognitivo com uso do ábaco para o desempenho cognitivo de indivíduos de diversas faixas etárias, inclusive em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. Para estudos futuros, espera-se a realização de mais pesquisas com amostras maiores, com delineamento longitudinal e com métodos bem elaborados, com enfoque em pessoas idosas, saudáveis e/ou com comprometimento cognitivo.

ABSTRACT. The literature indicates that cognitive stimulation interventions have shown promising results. Abacus represents a tool with great potential in such interventions. Objectives: To carry out a systematic review of studies published in recent years that entailed the delivery of a cognitive training program using an abacus to boost target cognitive abilities of older persons and also other age groups, with or without cognitive impairment. Methods: A systematic review study was conducted in July 2020 involving PubMed, MedLine, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Results: A total of 29 studies were retrieved, of which 8 aimed to identify the effect of abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) for different age groups and to determine its applicability as a method of cognitive stimulation for older adults. In AMC technique, participants first learn to use the physical abacus (PA) and after achieving proficiency they perform calculations using a mental image of the device, manipulating the beads of the so-called mental abacus (MA). Conclusions: The number of studies addressing abacus use as a cognitive training tool was rather limited, considering the relevance of the theme. Their interventions have shown benefits for cognitive functioning of individuals of various age groups, including older adults with cognitive impairment. Future studies that involve larger samples of healthy and/or cognitively impaired older adults with a longitudinal design and a more elaborate methodological design are suggested.

Benzene is an important environmental and occupational pollutant, and recognized as human carcinogen. S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) is a highly specific biomarker of exposure to benzene, applied in occupational toxicology to assess low levels of benzene exposure. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a one-step liquid extraction bioanalytical method for the quantification of SPMA in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was applied to the evaluation of benzene exposure in an occupational setting. The assay was linear from 0.5 to 500 ng mL-1 (r>0.99), accurate (91.4-105.2%) and precise, with CV% between 4.73 and 9.96%. SPMA was stable in urine for 90 days at -20 °C. Airborne benzene concentrations, urinary levels of SPMA and t,t-MA were significantly higher in gas station workers (n=30) in comparison to outdoor workers (n=14) and individuals non-occupationally exposed to benzene (n=34). Benzene airborne levels had higher correlation with urinary SPMA (r=0.532, p<0.001) than with t,t-MA (r=0.338, p=0.04), demonstrating the applicability of this biomarker for monitoring low levels of benzene exposure.

RESUMO O artigo analisa a educação dos índios no período pombalino, com ênfase na experiência do atual estado do Rio Grande Sul. Baseado fundamentalmente em fontes primárias, discute as diferentes escalas de recepção das leis promulgadas pela Coroa portuguesa, abarcando as intenções da corte, a mediação dos vice-reis a partir do Rio de Janeiro e o poder local exercido pelas câmaras. Inclui ainda as experiências indígenas que foram potencializadas ou obstruídas de acordo com as vontades políticas vigentes. Através da análise das instituições de ensino criadas para tal fim, assim como de fragmentos de trajetórias pessoais de índios que foram enviados ao Rio de Janeiro para aprofundarem seus estudos, demonstra-se como a educação dos nativos fazia parte de um projeto colonial em constante disputa e transformação.

ABSTRACT The article analyzes the education of Native peoples during the Pombaline period, focusing on the case of Rio Grande Sul, in the south of Brazil. Based mainly on primary sources, it addresses the different reception levels of laws enacted by the Portuguese Crown. These levels include the court's intentions, the mediation of the viceroys based in Rio de Janeiro, and the local power performed by the city councils. It also covers indigenous experiences that have been enhanced or obstructed according to the policies in force. Through the analysis of educational institutions created for this purpose, as well as fragments of personal trajectories of Indians who were sent to Rio de Janeiro to deepen their studies, the article demonstrates how the education of the Natives was part of a colonial project in constant dispute and transformation.

Resumo Em bovinos, infecções por Trypanosoma vivax geram sinais clínicos inespecíficos que, associados a intervalos aparasitêmicos, faz com que o diagnóstico da enfermidade seja desafiador. No Brasil, somente aceturato de diaminazeno e cloridrato de isometamidum (ISM) estão disponíveis para o tratamento da tripanossomose bovina. Este trabalho teve como objetivo acompanhar bovinos leiteiros naturalmente infectados por T. vivax, após o tratamento com ISM por meio de técnicas moleculares e sorológica. Foram utilizados 30 bovinos naturalmente infectados com T. vivax, sendo estes tratados com duas aplicações de ISM, na dosagem de 1,0 mg/kg por via intramuscular profunda, nos dias 0 e 150. Foram avaliadas, para diagnóstico de T. vivax, amostras de sangue acrescido de EDTA e soro, colhidas nos 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 e 240 dias após os tratamentos pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), amplificação circular isotérmica do DNA (LAMP) e ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimático (ELISA). Verificou-se a presença de animais com persistência na detecção de DNA de T. vivax pela PCR e LAMP, bem como detecção contínua de anticorpos IgG anti-T. vivax pelo método de ELISA, sugerindo a presença de resistência de T. vivax ao ISM. A combinação dos testes LAMP e ELISA pode evitar falsos diagnósticos da eliminação do parasita nos bovinos tratados, contribuindo para um melhor controle da doença. Este é o primeiro experimento que demonstra infecção persistente do T. vivax em rebanho naturalmente infectado, tratado com ISM, e evidencia possível resistência ao quimioterápico no Brasil.

Abstract Trypanosoma vivax infections cause nonspecific clinical signs in cattle associated with aparasitemic intervals, making disease diagnosis a challenge. In Brazil, diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride (ISM) are available to treat bovine trypanosomosis. The objective of this study was to follow-up, by molecular and serological techniques, dairy cattle naturally infected by T. vivax after ISM treatment. Thirty cattle naturally infected with T. vivax received two applications of ISM, at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg intramuscularly, on days 0 and 150. For T. vivax diagnosis, EDTA-blood and serum samples were evaluated on 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 days after treatment PCR, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and ELISA. Animals with persistent detection of T. vivax DNA by both PCR and LAMP were found and continuous detection of anti-T. vivax IgG antibodies by ELISA, suggesting the presence of T. vivax resistance to ISM. The combination of LAMP and ELISA tests can prevent misdiagnosis of the parasite clearance in treated cattle, contributing to better disease control. This is the first experiment that demonstrates the persistence infection of T. vivax under ISM treatment in a natural infected herd and evidence of ISM chemotherapy-resistant T. vivax in Brazil.

Abstract In this work, NRL films were enriched with red propolis and silver nanoparticles with the aim of obtaining dressings with bactericide properties. To improve the properties of these materials, plasma treatment was also applied to the films. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated by MTT and agar diffusion assays on secondary and stem cells. Determination of cell behavior on the films were assessed by EDS and FEG-SEM. In general, the plasma modified NRL films presented hydrophilic character, favorable condition for biomedical applications. RBS results showed that silver is probably in nanoparticulate form. MTT assays revealed that non-cytotoxic effects were observed for all the samples extracts. Either the plasma treatment or silver deposition were effective in sterilizing the samples and modifying their surfaces. It was demonstrated in this in vitro study that ADSCs associated with NRL films enriched with propolis should be considered promising for application in the healing of occlusive wounds.