Abstract Objective To describe the pro file of surgeons who treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease as well as the characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease care, unmet demands, and difficulties. Methods The research participants answered a Google Forms questionnaire. Results Of the 99 surgeons who participated in the survey, 84.5% were coloproctologists, 40% were from the southeastern region of Brazil, and 77.7% were male and had been working for more than 19 years. Regarding the healthcare sector, 63.6% of surgeons worked in both public and private clinics, and most clinically cared for up to 50 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and operated on up to 5 cases per year. Conclusion This is the first national study that aimed to identify the profile of surgeons working with inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil. The vast majority are experienced male coloproctologists, located in the southern and southeastern regions, who perform clinical and surgical treatment of these pathologies, with major surgeries being performed in large centers by a small number of surgeons. care demands difficulties questionnaire 9 survey 845 84 84.5 coloproctologists 40 Brazil 777 77 7 77.7 1 years sector 636 63 6 63.6 clinics year regions pathologies 8 84. 4 77. 63.

RESUMO: Pythium insidiosum é um importante oomiceto patógeno de mamíferos causador da pitiose, uma doença endêmica em climas quentes e que se destaca pelo prognóstico desfavorável, letalidade nas espécies afetadas e dificuldades no tratamento. Este estudo avaliou in vitro o potencial anti-P. insidiosum dos extratos aquosos, hidroetanólicos e etanólicos de cogumelos silvestres do sul do Brasil. Os extratos foram preparados a partir de Amanita gemmata, Amanita muscaria, Auricularia auricula, Gymnopilus junonius, Lactarius deliciosus, Laccaria laccata, Psilocybe cubensis e Russula xerampelina. Os ensaios de suscetibilidade in vitro empregaram a técnica de microdiluição em caldo de acordo com o protocolo M38-A2, CLSI. Os extratos hidroetanólico e etanólico de R. xerampelina apresentaram atividade anti-P. insidiosum em concentrações inibitórias mínimas que variaram de 1,87-7,50 mg/mL. Os extratos das demais espécies de cogumelos não apresentaram efeitos inibitórios sobre o crescimento de P. insidiosum. Este é o primeiro estudo a avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de cogumelos sobre oomicetos, evidenciando o potencial antimicrobiano de R. xerampelina sobre o patógeno P. insidiosum. Assim, o presente estudo amplia novas perspectivas, uma vez que os metabólitos secundários produzidos pelos cogumelos podem ser alvos potenciais para o desenvolvimento de novas categorias de fármacos. Porém, levando em consideração a ampla biodiversidade de cogumelos brasileiros, sugere-se que a busca por outras espécies de basidiomicetos com atividade anti-P. insidiosum precisa ser ampliada. RESUMO pitiose desfavorável tratamento antiP. antiP anti P anti-P aquosos Brasil gemmata muscaria auricula junonius deliciosus laccata M38A2, M38A2 MA M38 A2, A2 M A M38-A2 CLSI R 1,877,50 187750 1,87 7,50 1 87 7 50 1,87-7,5 mgmL mg mL mg/mL oomicetos Assim perspectivas fármacos Porém brasileiros sugerese sugere ampliada M38A M3 M38-A 877 1,877,5 18775 187 1,8 750 7,5 8 5 1,87-7, 1,877, 1877 18 1, 75 7, 1,87-7 1,877 1,87-

ABSTRACT: Pythium insidiosum is an important oomycete pathogen of mammals that causes pythiosis, an endemic disease in warm climates that stands out for its unfavorable prognosis, lethality in the affected species, and difficulties in treatment. This study evaluated in vitro anti-P. insidiosum potential of aqueous, hydroethanolic, and ethanolic extracts of indigenous wild mushrooms from southern Brazil. The extracts were prepared from Amanita gemmata, Amanita muscaria, Auricularia auricula, Gymnopilus junonius, Lactarius deliciosus, Laccaria laccata, Psilocybe cubensis, and Russula xerampelina. In vitro susceptibility assays employed the microdilution technique according to the M38-A2 protocol CLSI. The hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts of R. xerampelina showed anti-P. insidiosum activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.87-7.50 mg/mL. The other mushroom species extracts showed no inhibitory effects on growth of P. insidiosum. This is the first study to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of mushrooms on oomycetes, evidencing the antimicrobial potential of R. xerampelina on the pathogen P. insidiosum. So, the present study expands new perspectives, since the secondary metabolites produced by mushrooms can be potential targets for the development of new categories of medicines. However, considering the wide biodiversity of Brazilian mushrooms, we suggested that the search for other basidiomycetes species with anti-P. insidiosum action needs to be expanded. ABSTRACT pythiosis prognosis treatment antiP. antiP anti P anti-P aqueous Brazil gemmata muscaria auricula junonius deliciosus laccata cubensis M38A2 MA M38 A2 M A M38-A CLSI R 1.877.50 187750 1.87 7.50 1 87 7 50 1.87-7.5 mgmL mg mL mg/mL oomycetes So perspectives medicines However expanded M38A M3 877 1.877.5 18775 187 1.8 750 7.5 8 5 1.87-7. 1.877. 1877 18 1. 75 7. 1.87-7 1.877 1.87-

ABSTRACT The Verbal Autopsy (VA) is a questionnaire about the circumstances surrounding a death. It was widely used in Brazil to assist in postmortem diagnoses and investigate excess mortality during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of investigating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using VA. This is a cross-sectional study with prospective data collected from January 2020 to August 2021 at the Death Verification Service of Sao Luis city, Brazil. VA was performed for suspected COVID-19 deaths, and one day of the week was randomly chosen to collect samples from patients without suspected COVID-19. Two swabs were collected after death and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Of the 250 cases included, the VA questionnaire identified COVID-19-related ARDS in 67.2% (52.98% were positive for COVID-19). The sensitivity of the VA questionnaire was 0.53 (0.45–0.61), the specificity was 0.75 (0.64–0.84), the positive predictive value was 0.81 (0.72–0.88), and the negative predictive value was 0.44 (0.36–0.53). The VA had a lower-than-expected accuracy for detecting COVID-19 deaths; however, because it is an easily accessible and cost-effective tool, it can be combined with more accurate methods to improve its performance. (VA 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 pandemic (ARDS crosssectional cross sectional 202 city COVID-1 deaths COVID19. 19. transcriptionpolymerase transcription polymerase RTPCR RT PCR (RT-PCR SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- detection 25 included COVID19related COVIDrelated related 672 67 67.2 52.98% 5298 52 98 (52.98 . COVID-19) 053 0 53 0.5 0.45–0.61, 045061 0.45–0.61 , 45 61 (0.45–0.61) 075 75 0.7 0.64–0.84, 064084 0.64–0.84 64 84 (0.64–0.84) 081 81 0.8 0.72–0.88, 072088 0.72–0.88 72 88 (0.72–0.88) 044 44 0.4 0.36–0.53. 036053 0.36–0.53 36 (0.36–0.53) lowerthanexpected lower than expected however costeffective cost effective tool performance 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-1 COVID- SARS-CoV 6 67. 52.98 529 5 9 (52.9 05 0. 04506 0.45–0.6 4 (0.45–0.61 07 7 06408 0.64–0.8 8 (0.64–0.84 08 07208 0.72–0.8 (0.72–0.88 04 03605 0.36–0.5 3 (0.36–0.53 (COVID- 52.9 (52. 0450 0.45–0. (0.45–0.6 0640 0.64–0. (0.64–0.8 0720 0.72–0. (0.72–0.8 0360 0.36–0. (0.36–0.5 (COVID 52. (52 045 0.45–0 (0.45–0. 064 0.64–0 (0.64–0. 072 0.72–0 (0.72–0. 036 0.36–0 (0.36–0. (5 0.45– (0.45–0 06 0.64– (0.64–0 0.72– (0.72–0 03 0.36– (0.36–0 ( 0.45 (0.45– 0.64 (0.64– 0.72 (0.72– 0.36 (0.36– (0.45 0.6 (0.64 (0.72 0.3 (0.36 (0.4 (0.6 (0.7 (0.3 (0. (0

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Addressing secondary headaches in SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for effective management and care optimization. This review aims to synthesize data on headache characteristics and the impact of pre-existing headache conditions on these symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONTENTS: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Collaboration, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase, Open Grey, and Google Scholar, to identify studies on headache characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2. The search focused on headache symptoms, characteristics, onset, duration, and response to treatment during and post-infection. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Approximately 42.1% of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 reported headaches, resembling tension-type headaches and migraines. These headaches often manifested within the first three days of infection and could persist for up to four months. The data suggest that trigeminovascular activation and pro-inflammatory mediators play a significant role in headache pathogenesis, with pre-existing headache conditions exacerbating the symptoms. The importance of effective pain management strategies must be emphasized. CONCLUSION: Headache is a prevalent symptom among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, with significant implications for patient care. The findings emphasize the importance of recognizing headache characteristics in SARS-CoV-2 management and suggest that tailored clinical approaches are essential for effective symptom relief. OBJECTIVES SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- optimization preexisting pre existing CONTENTS databases PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline Collaboration Science Scopus LILACS Embase Grey Scholar SARSCoV2. 2. onset duration postinfection. postinfection post post-infection Twentythree Twenty criteria 421 42 1 42.1 tensiontype tension type migraines months proinflammatory pro inflammatory pathogenesis emphasized CONCLUSION relief SARS-CoV 4 42.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A abordagem das cefaleias secundárias na infecção pela SARS-CoV-2 é crucial para um manejo adequado e otimização do cuidado. Esta revisão tem como objetivo sintetizar os dados sobre as características da cefaleia e o impacto das condições pré-existentes de cefaleia sobre esses sintomas na infecção pela SARS-CoV-2. CONTEÚDO: Uma pesquisa sistemática foi realizada em vários bancos de dados, incluindo: Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Collaboration, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase, Open Grey e Google Scholar, com o objetivo de identificar estudos sobre as características da cefaleia associadas à SARS-CoV-2. A pesquisa se concentrou nos sintomas, nas características, no início, na duração e na resposta ao tratamento da cefaleia durante e após a infecção. Vinte e três estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Aproximadamente 42,1% dos indivíduos com SARS-CoV-2 relataram dores de cabeça, semelhantes a dores de cabeça do tipo tensional e enxaquecas. Essas cefaleias geralmente se manifestavam nos primeiros três dias de infecção e podiam persistir por até quatro meses. Os dados sugerem que a ativação trigeminovascular e os mediadores pró-inflamatórios desempenham um papel importante na patogênese da cefaleia, com condições preexistentes de cefaleia exacerbando os sintomas. A importância de estratégias eficazes de controle da dor deve ser enfatizada. CONCLUSÃO: A cefaleia é um sintoma prevalente entre os indivíduos infectados pela SARS-CoV-2, com significativas implicações no atendimento ao paciente. Os achados deste estudo enfatizam a importância do reconhecimento das características da cefaleia no manejo da SARS-CoV-2 e sugerem que abordagens clínicas personalizadas são essenciais para o alívio eficaz dos sintomas. OBJETIVOS SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- cuidado préexistentes pré existentes SARSCoV2. 2. CONTEÚDO incluindo PubmedMedline Pubmed Medline Pubmed/Medline Collaboration Science Scopus LILACS Embase Scholar início inclusão 421 42 1 42,1 enxaquecas meses próinflamatórios pró inflamatórios enfatizada CONCLUSÃO SARSCoV2, 2, paciente SARS-CoV 4 42,

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy with doxorubicin may lead to left ventricular dysfunction. There is a controversial recommendation that biomarkers can predict ventricular dysfunction, which is one of the most feared manifestations of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of biomarkers such as Troponin I, type B natriuretic peptide, creatine phosphokinase fraction MB, and myoglobin in predicting cardiotoxicity in a cohort of women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy with anthracycline. METHODS: This is an observational, prospective, longitudinal, unicentric study, which included 40 women with breast cancer, whose therapeutic proposal included treatment with doxorubicin. The protocol had a clinical follow-up of 12 months. Biomarkers such as Troponin I, type B natriuretic peptide, creatine phosphokinase fraction MB, and myoglobin were measured pre-chemotherapy and after the first, third, fourth, and sixth cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: There was a progressive increase in type B natriuretic peptide and myoglobin values in all chemotherapy cycles. Although creatine phosphokinase fraction MB showed a sustained increase, this increase was not statistically significant. Troponin, type B natriuretic peptide, myoglobin, and creatine phosphokinase fraction MB were the cardiotoxicity markers with the earliest changes, with a significant increase after the first chemotherapy session. However, they were not able to predict cardiotoxicity. CONCLUSION: Troponin I, type B natriuretic peptide, myoglobin, and creatine phosphokinase fraction MB are elevated during chemotherapy with doxorubicin, but they were not able to predict cardiotoxicity according to established clinical and echocardiographic criteria. The incidence of subclinical cardiotoxicity resulting from the administration of doxorubicin was 12.5%. BACKGROUND dysfunction OBJECTIVE I METHODS observational prospective longitudinal 4 followup follow up 1 months prechemotherapy pre third fourth RESULTS changes session However CONCLUSION criteria 125 5 12.5% 12.5 12.

SUMMARY At the Technical University of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, the effect of Osmolality in a hypertonic drink from the combination of orange juice and carrot juice was studied, applying an experimental investigation. Thirteen different treatments were developed and established with the statistical program Design Expert 11.1.0.1 (StadEase Inc., Minneapolis, USA). The samples were subjected to a previous pasteurization for their subsequent packaging. A sensory evaluation was carried out, where treatments 1, 8 and 13 were determined as the most accepted. Subsequently, through the program, the most optimal experimental run was obtained in terms of osmolality, which was determined as the best treatment at t8 that corresponds to the formulation with a mix of salts of 0.25%; water 15%; 54.11% orange juice and 30.64% carrot juice, thus giving an osmolality of 487 mOsm/Kg. In the physicochemical analysis, the following results were obtained: pH of 5; 0.64 acidity; 7.8 °Brix and 1.038 g/ml density; microbiological analysis of Moulds, Yeasts, E. Coli and Total Coliforms, said results are <1 and in nutritionals we have per-250 ml; 9% sodium; 7% carbs; 8.37% total sugars; 9.85% total solids; 0.38% protein; 37.42 kcal/100 g; 0.17 mg/100 g vitamin A; 0.002 mg/100 g vitamin B3 and 17.06 mg/100 g vitamin C %. The cost of this drink was 0.79 US cents for 500 ml and 0.39 US cents for 250 ml.

RESUMEN En la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Ecuador se estudió el efecto de la Osmolalidad en una bebida hipertónica a partir de la combinación de jugo de naranja y jugo de zanahoria, aplicando una investigación experimental. Se elaboro 13 diferentes tratamientos que se establecieron con el programa estadístico Design Expert 11.1.0.1 (StadEase Inc., Minneapolis, EE.UU.). Las muestras fueron sometidas a una previa pasteurización para su posterior envasado. Se realizó una evaluación sensorial, en donde se determinó a los tratamientos 1, 8 y 13 como los más aceptados. Posteriormente mediante el programa se obtuvo la corrida experimental más optima en cuanto a la osmolalidad que determinó como el mejor tratamiento al t8 que corresponde a la formulación con un mix de sales de 0,25 %; agua 15 %; jugo de naranja 54,11 % y jugo de zanahoria 30,64 %, dando así una osmolalidad de 487 mOsm/Kg. En el análisis fisicoquímico, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: pH de 5; 0,64 de acidez;7,8 °Brix y 1,038 g/ml de densidad; análisis microbiológico de Mohos, Levaduras, E. Coli y Coliformes Totales dichos resultados son <1 y en nutricionales tenemos por cada 250 ml; 9 % de sodio; 7 % carbohidratos; 8,37 % azúcares totales; 9,85 % sólidos totales; 0,38 % proteínas; 37,42 kcal/100 g; 0,17 mg/100 g vitamina A; 0,002 mg/100 g vitamina B3 y 17,06 mg/100 g vitamina C %. El costo de esta bebida fue de 0,79 centavos de dólar para 500 ml y de 0,39 centavos de dólar para 250 ml.

ABSTRACT Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a potentially severe disease that can present with refractoriness, recurrence, and evolution to death. In Brazil, the epidemiology of CDI seems to differ from that of the United States and most European countries, with only one ribotype (RT) 027-related case and a high prevalence of RT106. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of CDI and its possible association with ribotypes at a university hospital in Brazil. Methods: A total of 65 patients with CDI were included and stool samples were submitted to A/B toxin detection and toxigenic culture, and toxigenic isolates (n=44) were also PCR ribotyped. Results: Patients’ median age was 59 (20-87) years and there were 16 (24.6%) deaths. The median Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 4 (0-15) and 16.9% of the patients had CCI ≥8. The ATLAS score and non-improvement of diarrhea were related to higher mortality. A longer length of hospitalization was related to the enteral nutrition and use of multiple antibiotics. The period between CDI diagnosis and hospital discharge was longer in those who received new antibiotics after diagnosis, multiple antibiotics, and required intensive care treatment. Recurrence was associated with CCI >7. Twenty ribotypes were identified and RT106 was the most frequently detected strain (43.2%). No relationship was observed between the ribotypes and outcomes. CDI was present in patients with more comorbidities. Conclusion: Risk factors for higher mortality, longer hospital stay and recurrence were identified. A diversity of ribotypes was observed and C. difficile strains were not related to the outcomes. Background (CDI refractoriness death Brazil countries RT (RT 027related 027 Objective Methods 6 AB B culture n=44 n44 n 44 (n=44 ribotyped Results Patients 5 2087 20 87 (20-87 1 24.6% 246 24 (24.6% deaths (CCI 015 0 15 (0-15 169 9 16.9 8 ≥8 nonimprovement non improvement mortality treatment 7 >7 RT10 43.2%. 432 43.2% . 43 2 (43.2%) comorbidities Conclusion C 02 n=4 n4 (n=4 208 (20-8 24.6 (24.6 01 (0-1 16. ≥ > RT1 43.2 (43.2% n= (n= (20- 24. (24. (0- 43. (43.2 (n (20 (24 (0 (43. (2 ( (43 (4

RESUMO Contexto: A infecção pelo Clostridioides difficile (ICD) é uma doença potencialmente grave que pode se apresentar com refratariedade, recidiva e evoluir para óbito. No Brasil, a epidemiologia da ICD parece diferir da dos Estados Unidos e da maioria dos países europeus, com apenas um caso relacionado ao ribotipo (RT) 027 e alta prevalência do RT106. Objetivo: Avaliar os desfechos da ICD e sua possível associação com ribotipos em um hospital universitário do Brasil. Métodos: Um total de 65 pacientes com ICD foram incluídos e amostras de fezes foram submetidas à detecção de toxina A/B e cultura toxigênica e as cepas toxigênicas isoladas (n=44) também foram ribotipadas por PCR. Resultados: A idade mediana dos pacientes foi de 59 (20-87) anos e houve 16 (24,6%) óbitos. A mediana do índice de comorbidade de Charlson (ICC) foi de 4 (0-15) e 16,9% dos pacientes apresentaram ICC ≥8. O escore ATLAS e a não melhora da diarreia foram relacionados a maior mortalidade. Maior tempo de internação esteve relacionado à nutrição enteral e ao uso de múltiplos antibióticos. O período entre o diagnóstico de ICD e a alta hospitalar foi maior naqueles que receberam novos antibióticos após o diagnóstico, múltiplos antibióticos e necessitaram de tratamento intensivo. A recorrência foi associada com ICC >7. Vinte ribotipos foram identificados e o RT106 foi a cepa mais frequentemente detectada (43,2%). Não foi observada relação entre os ribotipos e os desfechos. ICD esteve presente em pacientes com mais comorbidades. Conclusão: Foram identificados fatores de risco para maior mortalidade, maior tempo de internação e recorrência. Uma diversidade de ribotipos foi observada e cepas de C. difficile não foram relacionadas aos desfechos. Contexto (ICD refratariedade óbito Brasil europeus RT (RT 02 Objetivo Métodos 6 AB B n=44 n44 n 44 (n=44 PCR Resultados 5 2087 20 87 (20-87 1 24,6% 246 24 (24,6% óbitos (ICC 015 0 15 (0-15 169 9 16,9 8 ≥8 mortalidade intensivo 7 >7 RT10 43,2%. 432 43,2% . 43 2 (43,2%) comorbidades Conclusão C n=4 n4 (n=4 208 (20-8 24,6 (24,6 01 (0-1 16, ≥ > RT1 43,2 (43,2% n= (n= (20- 24, (24, (0- 43, (43,2 (n (20 (24 (0 (43, (2 ( (43 (4

Abstract Introduction: Reinke’s Edema (RE) is a laryngeal lesion related to excessive tobacco smoking, voice overuse, and laryngopharyngeal reflux. Although the risk of malignancy has been considered low in literature, RE is classified among precancerous lesions. Objectives: We investigated DNA Copy Number Alterations (CNAs) in specimens of RE and its potential association with malignant progression. Methods: We used array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH, Agilent 4 × 180 K platform) to study eight RE cases. All patients were heavy tobacco users for at least 30 years, and none of them progressed to cancer in the follow-up (>8 years). Two RE presented mild dysplasia, one moderate dysplasia, and no histological alterations were found in the remaining five cases. CNAs were compared with the Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) and genes mapped on altered regions had their functions annotated. Results: Six of eight patients showed different rare copy number alterations on chromosomes 2q37.3, 4q13.1, 4q13.3, 7q11.22, 10p14, and 13q34. A gain of the whole chromosome 8 were detected in one case. Of interest, four of eight RE cases showed copy number imbalances involving genes previously described in several tumor types (RASA3, COL6A3, LINC00707, LINP1, SMR3A, and SMR3B). Conclusion: The genomic imbalances herein found in RE have the potential to contribute to the phenotype but with limited or no risk of cancer. A long-term follow-up in a large series of patients could clarify the mechanisms involved in the malignant progression of RE. Level of evidence: 4. Introduction Reinkes Reinke s (RE smoking overuse reflux literature lesions Objectives (CNAs Methods arraybased array based aCGH, aCGH (aCGH 18 platform 3 years followup follow up >8 (> years. . years) dysplasia DGV (DGV annotated Results 2q373 q 2q37 2q37.3 4q131 4q13 1 4q13.1 4q133 4q13.3 7q1122 7q11 22 7q11.22 10p14 p 13q34 case interest RASA3, RASA3 RASA (RASA3 COL6A3 COLA COL LINC00707 LINC LINP1 LINP SMR3A SMRA SMR SMR3B. SMR3B SMRB B SMR3B) Conclusion longterm long term evidence > ( 2q3 2q37. 4q1 4q13. 7q112 7q1 2 7q11.2 10p1 13q3 (RASA COL6A LINC0070 2q 4q 7q 7q11. 10p 13q LINC007 LINC00 LINC0

ABSTRACT High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) using vegetation indices (VIs) is an important data source for managing plant breeding programs and can be a promising tool in indirect selection. This study hypothesized that VIs are correlated with agronomic traits in corn, and therefore, HTP can be an auxiliary tool for selecting superior genotypes. The objectives were: i) to analyze the association between agronomic traits and VIs, and ii) to identify superior corn hybrids for the evaluated traits using multivariate techniques. Ten corn hybrids (AGRI 330, AGRI 340, FS575PWU, KTZ006VP3, MG545AW, MG580PW, MG711PW, MZ1780, MZ1952, and TROPI 102) were evaluated for plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), and grain yield (GY). The VIs studied were NDVI, NDRE, EVI, GNDVI, SAVI, and MSAVI. Pearson’s correlation network was constructed to analyze the relationship between the variables, and a canonical analysis was performed to verify the inter-relationship between the variables and hybrids. The VIs evaluated are strongly positively correlated with each other and with PH. The most productive hybrids are MG545AW, FS575PWU and KTZ006VP3. Hybrid MZ1952 has higher correlations with VIs and PH. The findings reveal that VIs can be excellent auxiliary variables for selecting agronomically superior genotypes, being a promising alternative to increase corn breeding efficiency. Highthroughput High throughput (HTP (VIs selection therefore genotypes i ii techniques 330 340 FSPWU FS PWU KTZ006VP3 KTZVP KTZ VP MG545AW MGAW MG AW MG580PW MGPW PW MG711PW MZ1780 MZ 102 PH, PH , (PH) SD, SD (SD) GY. GY . (GY) NDVI NDRE EVI GNDVI SAVI MSAVI Pearsons Pearson s interrelationship inter MZ195 efficiency 33 34 KTZ006VP MZ178 10 (PH (SD (GY MZ19 3 MZ17 1 MZ1

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although an association has been made between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and microvascular disease, data on vascular complications (other than venous thromboembolism) are sparse. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the vascular complications in severely ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and their association with all-cause mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cohort study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: All 305 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary university hospital from April 2 to July 17, 2021, were included and followed up for 30 days. RESULTS: Of these, 193 (63.3%) were male, and the mean age was 59.9 years (standard deviation = 14.34). The mortality rate was 56.3% (172 patients), and 72 (23.6%) patients developed at least one vascular complication during the follow-up period. Vascular complications were more prevalent in the non-survivors (28.5%) than in the survivors (17.3%) group and included disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, 10.8%), deep vein thrombosis (8.2%), acrocyanosis (7.5%), and necrosis of the extremities (2%). DIC (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–5.24, P = 0.046) and acrocyanosis (aOR 5.21, 95% CI 1.48–18.27, P = 0.009) were significantly more prevalent in the non-survivors than in the survivors group. CONCLUSION: Vascular complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients are common (23.6%) and can be closely related to the mortality rate (56.3%) until 30 days after ICU admission. Macrovascular complications have direct implications for mortality, which is the main outcome of the management of COVID-19. REGISTRATION: RBR-4qjzh7 (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4qjzh7). BACKGROUND 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 other thromboembolism sparse OBJECTIVE COVID-1 allcause all cause SETTING Paulo Brazil METHODS (ICU 17 2021 3 RESULTS these 63.3% 633 63 (63.3% male 599 59 9 59. standard 14.34. 1434 14.34 . 14 34 14.34) 563 56 56.3 172 (17 patients, , patients) 7 23.6% 236 23 6 (23.6% followup follow period nonsurvivors non 28.5% 285 28 5 (28.5% 17.3% 173 (17.3% DIC, (DIC 10.8%, 108 10.8% 10 8 10.8%) 8.2%, 82 8.2% (8.2%) 7.5%, 75 7.5% (7.5%) 2%. 2% (2%) adjusted aOR 230 2.30 95 (CI 101524 1 01 24 1.01–5.24 0.046 0046 0 046 521 21 5.21 1481827 48 18 27 1.48–18.27 0.009 0009 009 CONCLUSION (56.3% admission COVID19. 19. REGISTRATION RBR4qjzh7 RBRqjzh RBR 4qjzh7 qjzh RBR-4qjzh https//ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR4qjzh7. httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR4qjzh7 httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBRqjzh https //ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR ensaiosclinicos gov br rg (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4qjzh7) 20 COVID1 (COVID-1 COVID- 202 63.3 (63.3 143 14.3 56. (1 23.6 (23.6 28.5 (28.5 17.3 (17.3 10.8 8.2 (8.2% 7.5 (7.5% (2% 2.3 10152 1.01–5.2 0.04 004 04 52 5.2 148182 4 1.48–18.2 0.00 000 00 (56.3 RBR4qjzh 4qjzh https//ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR4qjzh7 httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR httpsensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR4qjzh ensaiosclinicosgovbrrgRBR (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4qjzh7 (COVID- 63. (63. 14. ( 23. (23. 28. (28. 17. (17. 10. 8. (8.2 7. (7.5 (2 2. 1015 1.01–5. 0.0 5. 14818 1.48–18. (56. https//ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR4qjzh (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4qjzh (COVID (63 (23 (28 (8. (7. 101 1.01–5 0. 1481 1.48–18 (56 (6 (8 (7 1.01– 148 1.48–1 (5 1.01 1.48– 1.0 1.48 1. 1.4

ABSTRACT Erythema multiforme (EM), an immune-mediated skin condition, can occur after infection or following the use of medications. In this study, we describe a patient who developed EM after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir administration. An 81-year-old woman presented with fever and dyspnea. Laboratory investigations showed positive coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on polymerase chain reaction assay, and she received a 5-day regimen of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. We observed development of EM after this treatment and initiated prednisone (1 mg/kg) therapy, which led to rapid improvement. Our study is the first to report EM in a patient with COVID-19, who received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and showed a favorable response. EM, , (EM) immunemediated immune mediated condition medications nirmatrelvirritonavir nirmatrelvir ritonavir administration 81yearold yearold 81 year old dyspnea COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 assay 5day day 5 1 ( mg/kg mgkg mg kg therapy improvement COVID19, 19, COVID-19 response (EM 8 COVID1 (COVID-1 COVID-1 (COVID- COVID- (COVID

ABSTRACT The present study explored the predictive values of milk leukocyte differentials (MLD) as a basis for improving the diagnosis of intramammary infections (IMIs) and subclinical mastitis. Quarter milk samples were collected for bacteriological analysis, quarter somatic cell count (qSCC), and MLD. The MLD were assessed using the cytospin technique, direct microscopic smears, and flow cytometry. The predictive values of each single leukocyte population and useful potential indices that could better reflect immune complexity were also calculated. Changes in the percentage of any leukocyte alone failed to substantially improve the predictive value of qSCC in diagnosing IMIs. Although certain parameters increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) as a result of increased specificity values, a slight reduction in sensitivity was observed. The so-called CD8 complex was a unique parameter which improved both the sensitivity (78.79 %) and the specificity (80.77 %) in IMI diagnosis, resulting in the highest area under the ROC curve (0.87). To diagnose subclinical mastitis, the percentage of macrophages and the sum of the percentage PMNLs and T CD8+ cells divided by the percentage of macrophages showed the highest predictive values (sensitivity = 79.63, specificity = 73.68, and area under the ROC curve = 0.83) in the differentiation of the inflammatory condition status of cows. In conclusion, this study provides further insights into using T CD8+ lymphocytes in diagnosing bovine IMIs, combined with PMNLs and macrophages. The antidromic trend of macrophages vs. PMNLs and T CD8+ lymphocytes due to the increasing qSCCs was crucial to differentiating quarters under both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. (MLD IMIs (IMIs mastitis analysis qSCC, , (qSCC) technique smears cytometry calculated observed socalled so called CD 78.79 7879 78 79 (78.7 % 80.77 8077 80 77 (80.7 0.87. 087 0.87 . 0 87 (0.87) 7963 63 79.63 7368 73 68 73.68 0.83 083 83 cows conclusion vs noninflammatory non conditions (qSCC 78.7 787 7 (78. 80.7 807 8 (80. 08 0.8 (0.87 796 6 79.6 736 73.6 78. (78 80. (80 0. (0.8 79. 73. (7 (8 (0. ( (0

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Cancer imposes a profound burden on low- and middle-income countries where 65% of the global cancer deaths occurred in 2020. The objective of the present review was to describe female cancer epidemiology in Brazil, barriers to prevention, screening, and treatment, and to propose strategies to a better control. METHODS: For the process of literature search and scientific acquisition, we have utilized the terms “female cancer” AND “breast cancer,” AND “cervical cancer” AND “endometrial cancer” AND “ovarian cancer” AND “Brazil” in PubMed. References of the articles included in this review were manually searched in order to identify relevant studies on the topic. The official Brazilian epidemiology data were extensively analyzed at the governmental site www.inca.gov.br. RESULTS: Considering cases of breast and gynecologic cancers together, 105,770 new cases are expected to be diagnosed yearly, positioning female cancer as the highest cancer incidence in Brazil. Female breast cancer is the most common and the leading cause of death from cancer in the female population in all regions of Brazil, except in the North, where cervical cancer ranks first. Cervical cancer, a preventable disease, corresponds to the third-most common neoplasia in women, with higher incidences in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. An upward trend has been observed in endometrial cancer incidence, a tendency that follows the increase of its two most common risk factors: population aging and obesity. Ovarian cancer currently occupies the eighth position among female cancers in Brazil, but it is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. The main strategies to reduce female cancer mortality rates are the reduction of inequalities in healthcare services and the early diagnosis of cases. The lack of a specific national cancer program results in a reactive and unplanned approach to healthcare provision, ultimately leading to suboptimal resource utilization and higher expenditure. CONCLUSION: Analyzed together, breast and gynecologic cancers correspond to the leading cause of cancer in Brazil. A heterogeneous group, female cancer includes diseases with a high primary and secondary prevention potential. The organization of a female cancer program in Brazil prioritizing primary and secondary prevention strategies, such as adequate mammography screening and human papillomavirus vaccination coverage, could significantly improve female cancer control in the country. OBJECTIVE low middleincome middle income 65 2020 treatment METHODS acquisition ovarian “Brazil PubMed topic wwwincagovbr www inca gov br www.inca.gov.br RESULTS together 105770 105 770 105,77 yearly first disease thirdmost third women factors obesity provision expenditure CONCLUSION group potential coverage country 6 202 10577 10 77 105,7 20 1057 1 7 105, 2

ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this research is to optimize the routing of Brazil nut harvesting in order to reduce labor costs and promote an equitable redistribution of placements among extractive interests. The study area was located in the Tahuamanu province, designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, in the Madre de Dios region of Peru. Planning for harvesting activities is vital to support sustainable use of the tropical forest by extractive communities, generating profit while minimizing adverse impacts on the forest. A location-allocation model was used to redistribute extraction placement areas, taking into account the number of trees and productivity for analysis. To optimize the order of nut load pickups at the placement areas, the vehicle routing problem (VRP) was used to minimize real distance and reduce traversal time. Results: The time taken to cover the route without delays was 08:46’, which is superior to the time taken to minimize the distance. However, the total delay time was 05:10’. Conclusion: Network analyses were effective in achieving the reallocation of placement areas and optimizing Brazil nut harvest routes. Background interests province UNESCO Peru communities locationallocation location allocation analysis VRP (VRP Results 0846, 0846 08 46 , 08:46’ However 0510. 0510 05 10 . 05:10’ Conclusion routes 084 0 4 08:46 051 1 05:10 08:4 05:1 08: 05:

Abstract Background Decreased walking ability in patients with peripheral arterial disease is often a clinical problem and limits the quality of life and daily activities of these subjects. physical exercise is important in this scenario, as it improves both the daily walking distance and the ability to withstand intermittent claudication related to the limitations of the peripheral disease. Objectives Our aim was to compare the effects of two types of exercise training (aerobic training and aerobic training combined with resistance exercises) on pain-free walking distance (PFWD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample composed of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Methods Twenty patients with claudication symptoms were randomized to either aerobic control (AC) N= 9, or combined training (CT) N= 8, (24 sixty-minute sessions, twice a week). The total walking distance until onset of pain due to claudication was assessed using the 6-minute walk test and HRQoL was measured using the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire (general and specific domains) at baseline and after training. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess the differences between groups for the PFWD and HRQoL domains, testing the main group and time effects and their respective interaction effects. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Seventeen patients (mean age 63±9 years; 53% male) completed the study. Both groups experienced improvement in claudication, as reflected by a significant increase in PFWD: AC, 149 m to 299 m (P<0.001); CT, 156 m to 253 m (P<0.001). HRQoL domains also improved similarly in both groups (physical capacity, psychological aspects, and self-reported quality of life; P=0.001, P=0.003, and P=0.011 respectively). Conclusions Both aerobic and combined training similarly improved PFWD and HRQoL in PAD patients. There are no advantages in adding strength training to conventional aerobic training. This study does not support the conclusion that combined training is a good strategy for these patients when compared with classic training. subjects scenario exercises painfree free (PFWD healthrelated health (HRQoL PAD. . (PAD) AC (AC N 9 CT (CT 8 24 (2 sixtyminute sixty minute sessions week. week week) 6minute 6 WHOQOLbref WHOQOL bref general GEE (GEE 005 0 05 0.0 mean 639 63 63± years 53 male 14 29 P<0.001 P0001 001 (P<0.001) 15 25 P<0.001. capacity aspects selfreported self reported P=0.001 P0003 003 P=0.003 P0011 011 P=0.01 respectively. respectively respectively) (PAD 2 ( 00 0. 5 1 P<0.00 P000 (P<0.001 P=0.00 P001 01 P=0.0 P<0.0 P00 (P<0.00 P=0. P<0. P0 (P<0.0 P=0 P<0 (P<0. P= P< (P<0 (P< (P

Resumo Contexto A diminuição da capacidade de marcha em pacientes com doença arterial periférica é frequentemente um problema clínico e limita a qualidade de vida e as atividades diárias desses indivíduos. O exercício físico é importante nesse cenário, pois melhora tanto a distância caminhada diária quanto a capacidade de suportar a claudicação intermitente relacionada às limitações da doença periférica. Objetivos Comparar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbico (TA) e do treinamento aeróbico combinado com exercícios de resistência (TC) na distância percorrida livre de dor (DPLD) e na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP). Métodos Vinte pacientes com sintomas de claudicação foram randomizados para TA ou TC. Os treinamentos foram realizados em 24 sessões, duas vezes por semana. A DPLD foi avaliada por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, e a QVRS foi medida pelo instrumento da avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF), no início e após o treinamento. Para avaliar as diferenças entre os grupos para DPLD e os domínios da QVRS, foi utilizado o modelo de equações de estimativa generalizada, testando os efeitos principais do grupo e tempo, bem como os respectivos efeitos de interação. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Dezessete pacientes (idade média: 63±9 anos; 53% do sexo masculino) completaram o estudo. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora na claudicação, refletida por um aumento significativo na DPLD: grupo controle aeróbico - de 149 m para 299 m (P < 0,001); grupo de treinamento combinado - de 156 m para 253 m (P < 0,001). Os domínios da QVRS também melhoraram de forma semelhante em ambos os grupos (capacidade física, aspectos psicológicos e qualidade de vida autorreferida; P = 0,001, P = 0,003 e P = 0,011, respectivamente). Conclusões Ambos os treinamentos melhoraram de forma semelhante a DPLD e a QVRS em pacientes com DAP. Não há vantagens em associar o treinamento de força ao treinamento aeróbico convencional. O estudo não permite concluir que o TC é uma boa estratégia para esses pacientes quando comparado ao treinamento clássico. indivíduos cenário (TA (TC (DPLD (QVRS DAP . (DAP) 2 sessões semana minutos WHOQOLBREF, WHOQOLBREF WHOQOL BREF , (WHOQOL-BREF) generalizada tempo interação 005 0 05 0,0 significativos idade média 639 63 9 63± anos 53 masculino 14 29 0,001 0001 001 0,001) 15 25 0,001. física autorreferida 0003 003 0,00 0011 011 0,011 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) convencional clássico (DAP (WHOQOL-BREF 00 0, 5 1 000 01 0,01