ABSTRACT This paper discusses the design of a safflower picking robot control system and focuses on a navigation control subsystem based on multisensor fusion. A navigation subsystem, an identification and positioning subsystem, a picking subsystem, and a levelling subsystem are designed. The hardware and software of the navigation subsystem are designed in detail, and a multisensor fusion positioning method based on extended Kalman fusion technology is proposed. The accuracy and stability levels of different combined navigation methods are compared. To test the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, an outdoor test is carried out. The test results show that the outdoor fusion positioning accuracy of the robot is less than 8 cm, and when the satellite signal is lost, the navigation control subsystem can still provide high positioning accuracy. The final positioning result obtained using the integrated positioning method of the wheel odometer + IMU + DGNSS is approximately 52% higher than that of the odometer, approximately 29% higher than that of the wheel odometer + IMU, and approximately 11% higher than that of the IMU + DGNSS.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Prednisolone causes pro-inflammatory impulses to be inhibited and anti-inflammatory signals to be promoted. As a result, it alters how the body's immune system reacts to certain diseases. The World Anti-Doping Agency, however, has banned SNP and other glucocorticosteroids. An electrochemical sensor can be developed using a gold nanocomposite, polypyrrole nanoparticles and synthesized carbon nanotubes (Au-PPy NPs@CNTs). Objective: Develop an electrochemical sensor to detect prednisolone. Method: Au-PPy NPs@CNTs nanocomposite was chemically synthesized with a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Results: According to SEM data, the nanocomposite was composed of amorphous Au NPs, and PPy NPs deposited in tubes strongly entangled in a CNTs network. The wide linear range and low detection limit of the Au-PPy NPs@CNTs/GCE as prednisolone sensors were attributed to the combined catalytic performance of the Au and PPy NPs@CNTs nanostructures. Conclusion: The results of prednisolone detection in each specimen using the amperometric method indicated good accuracy. The accuracy and precision of Au-PPy NPs@CNTs/GCE for prednisolone detection were explored in blood samples from 5 young athletes aged 20-24 years who used prednisolone tablets (RSD less than 4.25%). In addition to monitoring prednisolone concentrations in athletes’ serum, Au-PPy NPs@CNTs/GCE can be used as a reliable prednisolone sensor. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La prednisolona hace que se inhiban los impulsos proinflamatorios y se promuevan las señales antiinflamatorias. Como resultado, altera la forma en que el sistema inmunológico del cuerpo reacciona a ciertas enfermedades. Sin embargo, la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje ha prohibido el SNP y otros glucocorticosteroides. Utilizando un nanocompuesto de oro, nanopartículas de polipirrol y nanotubos de carbono sintetizados (Au-PPy NPs@CNTs), se puede desarrollar un sensor electroquímico. Objetivo: Desarrollar un sensor electroquímico para detectar la prednisolona. Método: Se sintetizó químicamente el nanocompuesto Au-PPy NPs@CNTs con una superficie de electrodo de carbono vítreo (GCE) modificada. Resultados: Según los datos del SEM, se comprobó que el nanocompuesto estaba compuesto de Au NPs y NPs de PP amorfo y depositados en tubos fuertemente enredados en una red de CNTs. El amplio rango lineal y el bajo límite de detección de Au-PPy NPs@CNTs/GCE como sensores de prednisolona se atribuyeron al rendimiento catalítico combinado de las nanoestructuras de Au y PPy NPs@CNTs. Conclusión: Los resultados de la detección de prednisolona en cada muestra mediante el método amperométrico indicaron una buena precisión. Se exploró la exactitud y precisión de las Au-PPy NPs@CNTs/GCE para la detección de prednisolona en muestras de sangre preparadas a partir de 5 jóvenes atletas de entre 20 y 24 años de edad que utilizaban tabletas de prednisolona (RSD inferior al 4,25%). Además de controlar las concentraciones de prednisolona en el suero de los deportistas, Au-PPy NPs@CNTs/GCE puede utilizarse como un sensor fiable de prednisolona. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A prednisolona faz com que os impulsos pró-inflamatórios sejam inibidos e os sinais anti-inflamatórios sejam promovidos. Como resultado, ela altera a forma como o sistema imunológico do corpo reage a certas doenças. A Agência Mundial Antidoping, no entanto, proibiu o SNP e outros glucocorticoesteroides. Usando um nanocomposto de ouro, nanopartículas de polipirrol e nanotubos de carbono sintetizados (Au-PPy NPs@CNTs), um sensor eletroquímico pode ser desenvolvido. Objetivo: Desenvolver um sensor eletroquímico para detectar a prednisolona. Método: O nanocompósito Au-PPy NPs@CNTs foi sintetizado quimicamente com uma superfície de eletrodo de carbono vítreo modificado (GCE). Resultados: De acordo com dados da SEM, o nanocomposto foi descoberto como sendo composto de Au NPs e NPs de PPy amorfo, depositados em tubos fortemente emaranhados em uma rede de CNTs. O amplo alcance linear e o baixo limite de detecção do Au-PPy NPs@CNTs/GCE como sensores de prednisolona foram atribuídos ao desempenho catalítico combinado das nanoestruturas de Au e PPy NPs@CNTs. Conclusão: Os resultados da detecção de prednisolona em cada espécime usando o método de amperometria indicaram boa precisão. A precisão e a acurácia de Au-PPy NPs@CNTs/GCE para a detecção de prednisolona foram exploradas em amostras de sangue preparadas de 5 atletas jovens de 20 a 24 anos que usaram comprimidos de prednisolona (RSD inferior a 4,25%). Além de monitorar as concentrações de prednisolona no soro dos atletas, Au-PPy NPs@CNTs/GCE pode ser usado como um sensor confiável de prednisolona. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical respiratory syndrome with limited effective interventions. Lung macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of abnormal inflammatory response in the syndrome. Recently, impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO), one of the key lipid metabolic signalings, was found to participate in the onset and development of various lung diseases, including ALI/ARDS. Lipid/fatty acid contents within mouse lungs were quantified using the Oil Red O staining. The protective effect of FAO activator L-carnitine (Lca, 50, 500, or 5 mg/mL) was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), ELISA, immunoblotting, fluorescence imaging, and fluorescence plate reader detection in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL)-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. The in vivo efficacy of Lca (300 mg/kg) was determined in a 10 mg/kg LPS-induced ALI mouse model. We found for the first time that lipid accumulation in pulmonary macrophages was significantly increased in a classical ALI murine model, which indicated disrupted FAO induced by LPS. Lca showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on THP-1 derived macrophages upon LPS stimulation. Mechanistically, Lca was able to maintain FAO, mitochondrial activity, and ameliorate mitochondrial dynamics. In the LPS-induced ALI mouse model, we further discovered that Lca inhibited neutrophilic inflammation and decreased diffuse damage, which might be due to the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis. These results broadened our understanding of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and provided a promising drug candidate for this syndrome.

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício aeróbico pode melhorar a função do sistema circulatório cardiovascular, reduzindo a morbidade e mortalidade de doenças cardiovasculares estimulando a produção de autoproteções endógenas. A ativação de canais de potássio nas células musculares lisas vasculares pode causar vasodilatação e aumentar o fluxo sanguíneo, diminuindo a pressão sanguínea. Há uma sensível a concentração de ATP intracelular e ADP dentre a variedade de canais de potássio distribuídos em células musculares lisas vasculares, que variam principalmente durante a atividade física aeróbica. Objetivo: Explorar o efeito do exercício aeróbico na reatividade vascular da aorta torácica em pacientes com obesidade e hiperlipidemia. Métodos: Estudo randomizado controlado em vinte ratos Wistar machos de 250g e 2 meses de idade. O grupo controle permaneceu sob repouso enquanto o experimental realizava exercícios aeróbicos em esteira com velocidade crescente durante 8 semanas. Os ratos foram dissecados e seus vasos sanguíneos estimulados com drogas vasoconstritoras e dilatadoras em solução tampão. A observação das alterações vasculares foi mensurada sob tensionamento controlado. Resultados: O bloqueio dos canais KATP no músculo liso vascular causou contração tônica das células musculares lisas vasculares e aumento da pressão arterial. Conclusão: Exercícios aeróbicos regulares de longo prazo podem induzir alterações na função vascular da aorta torácica e reatividade do músculo liso vascular em ratos. O exercício aeróbico também pode melhorar significativamente a atividade dos canais KATP. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobic exercise can improve the function of the cardiovascular circulatory system, reducing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease by stimulating the production of endogenous self-protection. Activating potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells can cause vasodilation and increase blood flow, lowering blood pressure. There is a sensitivity to intracellular ATP and ADP concentration among the variety of potassium channels distributed in vascular smooth muscle cells, which vary mainly during aerobic physical activity. Objective: Explore the effect of aerobic exercise on the vascular reactivity of the thoracic aorta in patients with obesity and hyperlipidemia. Methods: Randomized controlled trial in twenty male Wistar rats weighing 250g and two months old. The control group remained at rest while the experimental group performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill at increasing speed for eight weeks. The rats were dissected, and dilatators and vasoconstrictors drugs stimulated their blood vessels in a tamponade solution. Observation of vascular changes was measured under controlled tensioning. Results: The blockade of KATP channels in vascular smooth muscle caused tonic contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells and increased blood pressure. Conclusion: Long-term regular aerobic exercise may induce changes in rats’ thoracic aortic vascular function and vascular smooth muscle reactivity. Aerobic exercise can also significantly improve the activity of KATP channels. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio aeróbico puede mejorar la función del sistema circulatorio cardiovascular, reduciendo la morbilidad y la mortalidad de las enfermedades cardiovasculares al estimular la producción de autoprotección endógena. La activación de los canales de potasio en las células del músculo liso vascular puede causar vasodilatación y aumentar el flujo sanguíneo, reduciendo la presión arterial. Existe una sensibilidad a la concentración intracelular de ATP y ADP entre la variedad de canales de potasio distribuidos en las células del músculo liso vascular, que varían principalmente durante la actividad física aeróbica. Objetivo: Explorar el efecto del ejercicio aeróbico sobre la reactividad vascular de la aorta torácica en pacientes con obesidad e hiperlipidemia. Métodos: Ensayo controlado aleatorio en veinte ratas Wistar macho de 250 g y 2 meses de edad. El grupo de control permaneció en reposo mientras que el grupo experimental realizó ejercicios aeróbicos en una cinta de correr a velocidad creciente durante 8 semanas. Las ratas fueron disecadas y sus vasos sanguíneos fueron estimulados con fármacos vasoconstrictores y dilatadores en solución amortiguada. La observación de los cambios vasculares se midió bajo tensión controlada. Resultados: El bloqueo de los canales KATP en el músculo liso vascular provocó una contracción tónica de las células del músculo liso vascular y un aumento de la presión arterial. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico regular a largo plazo puede inducir cambios en la función vascular de la aorta torácica y en la reactividad del músculo liso vascular en ratas. El ejercicio aeróbico también puede mejorar significativamente la actividad del canal KATP. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Abstract Background and objectives: Nerve block or neurolysis is an important approach in the treatment of spastic equinovarus foot. To illustrate the accurate location of the nerve branch to the tibialis posterior muscle (TP) in clinical practice, 21 adult cadavers were dissected and 14 complete both lower limb specimens were obtained. A total of 28 lower limbs were included. Methods: We measured the length of the motor branch nerve (LM) of the tibialis posterior muscle, the length of the fibula (LF), the vertical distance (D1) from the midpoint of LM to the fibula tip as well as the horizontal distance (D2) from the midpoint of LM to the inner edge of the fibula. Results: The LM was higher (35.74 ± 7.28 mm) in male than in female (30.40 ± 6.88 mm) specimens but there was no significant correlation between LM and gender (> 0.05). Additionally, among male specimens, the LM on the right side was longer than that on the left (p ≤ 0.05) while among female specimens, the D1 on the left side was longer than that on the right (p ≤ 0.05). The LF in male specimen was significantly longer than that in female (p ≤ 0.05). The midpoint of the nerve to the motor branch of the tibialis posterior muscle was about 50 mm distal to the fibular head and 10 mm at the inner edge of the fibula. Conclusion: Using this coordinate, the midpoint of the nerve branch to the TP could be accurately located.

Abstract Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been shown to possess cardioprotective effect. However, the specific mechanism of AS-IV in myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. Our results showed that AS-IV intervention observably enhanced cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress levels and inflammatory factor secretion. Expression of MIRT1 was significantly up-regulated in hypoxia-treated cells. In addition, ALCAM overexpression reversed the effects of AS-IV intervention on hypoxia-treated cell functions. MIRT1 facilitated Runx3 promoter methylation and its downregulated expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) to the Runx3 promoter region through binding with suppressor of Zeste 12 protein homolog (Suz12). Runx3 silencing reversed the effects of MIRT1 inhibition on hypoxia-treated cell functions. Betulinic acid suppressed the effects of AS-IV intervention on the behaviors of hypoxia-treated cells. AS-IV treatment improved the cardiac functions of mice with MI. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that AS-IV treatment inhibits DNMT3B-mediated Runx3 promoter methylation by restraining Suz12 expression and further blocks the NF-κB signaling pathway, and in turn improves the cardiac functions of mice with MI.

Abstract Surgery is currently the major approach treating kidney cancer, which is insensitive to chemo-/radio-therapy. However, due to the limitation of current diagnostic technique, certain number of patients has lost the opportunity of surgery. Therefore the searching for novel effective treatment approach is of critical importance. Ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of various tumor cells. It effect in kidney cancer, however, is still lacked. This study thus treated kidney cancer cell line 786-O with ginsenoside Rg3 to illustrate its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis, and investigated possible mechanism.Gradient concentrations of ginsenoside Rg3 was used to treat 786-O cells, whose proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay. The apoptotic rate was quantified using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-STAT3. Ginsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited proliferation of kidney cancer cell 786-O in a dose- and time-dependent manner: higher concentration and longer treatment time caused more significant inhibition on cell proliferation. Similar patterns also occurred for the induction for cell apoptosis by ginsenoside Rg3. The expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-STAT3, however, were decreased with higher dosages of ginsenoside Rg3, and were negatively correlated with apoptotic ratio. Ginsenoside Rg3 can exert anti-tumor role via inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of 786-O cells, possibly via the blocking of Akt/mTOR/STAT3 pathway.

Abstract Poor storage stability of Zanthoxylum piasezkii Maxim. oleoresin (Z. piasezkii. oleoresin), a viscous fluid extracted from Zanthoxylum piasezkii Maxim. has limited its utilization in downstream products. The formation of microemulsion (ME) was expected as an ideal protocol for enhanced storage stability of Z. piasezkii. oleoresin, which was developed using polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate (PEG400DO) as surfactant and 1,2-propylene glycol (1,2-PG) as cosurfactant. An improvement in ME area, viscosity, and surface tension was found in one system compared to other formulations, with 37.54% of microemulsion formation area, a viscosity value of 242.17 mPa.s, and surface tension of 29.75 mN/m. This ME consisted of 40 wt% essential oil, 1.59 wt% surfactant mixture (3:1 (m:m) of 1,2-PG and PEG400DO), and 58.41 wt% Z. piasezkii. oleoresin. Additionally, this system exhibits steady performance, demonstrating the potential of a blend of surfactants-based ME as stable system for the utilization of Z. piasezkii. oleoresin as savory flavor.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Although mechanical ventilation is an essential support for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ventilation also leads to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This study aimed to estimate the effect and mechanism of Annexin A1 peptide (Ac2-26) on VILI in ARDS rats. Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomized into the sham (S), mechanical ventilation (V), mechanical ventilation/Ac2-26 (VA), and mechanical ventilation/Ac2-26/L-NIO (VAL) groups. The S group only received anesthesia, and the other three groups received endotoxin and then ventilation for 4 h. Rats in the V, VA and VAL groups received saline, Ac2-26, and A c2-26/N5-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine (L-NIO), respectively. Results: All indexes deteriorated in the V, VA and VAL groups compared with the S group. Compared with V group, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was increased, but the wet-to-dry weight ratio and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were decreased in the VA group. The inflammatory cells and proinflammatory factors were reduced by Ac2-26. The oxidative stress response, lung injury and apoptosis were also decreased by Ac2-26 compared to V group. All improvements of Ac2-26 were partly reversed by L-NIO. Conclusions: Ac2-26 mitigates VILI in ARDS rats and partly depended on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway.

SUMMARY: This study aimed to examine the differences in bone microarchitecture between different regions of the atlas in 28 dry atlas specimens using micro-CT, in order to explain the mechanism of the predilection sites of atlas fractures from the morphological point of view. A total of 28 dry specimens of intact adult atlas were randomly selected, scanned by micro-CT, and divided into a region from the anterior arch midpoint (AAM) to the lateral masses (LM), a LM region, and a region from the LM to the posterior arch midpoint (PAM). Trabecular thickness, separation, number, connectivity, and structure model index were measured for each of the three regions using the built-in software of the CT scanner. Trabecular thickness was all measured to be 0.11 ± 0.00 mm for AAM to LM, LM, and LM to PAM. Trabecular separation: AAM to LM > LM to PAM > LM. Trabecular number: LM > LM to PAM > AAM to LM. Connectivity: LM > LM to PAM > AAM to LM. Structure model index: LM > LM to PAM > AAM to LM. A lower trabecular number and connectivity and higher trabecular separation were seen in the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas, in which higher fracture rates were reported. By contrast, a higher trabecular number and connectivity and lower trabecular separation were seen in the lateral masses, in which lower fracture rates were reported.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar las diferencias en la microarquitectura ósea entre diferentes regiones del atlas en 28 muestras de atlas secas utilizando micro-CT, con el fin de informar el área de mayor frecuencia en las fracturas de atlas, desde el punto de vista morfológico. Se seleccionaron al azar un total de 28 muestras secas de atlas adultos intactas las que se escanearon por micro-CT y se dividieron en una región desde el punto medio del arco anterior (MAA) hasta las masas laterales (ML), una región ML y una región desde el ML hasta el punto medio del arco posterior (MAP). Se midió el grosor trabecular, la separación, el número, la conectividad y el índice del modelo de estructura para cada una de las tres regiones utilizando el software incorporado del escáner CT. El grosor trabecular se midió en 0,11 ± 0,00 mm para MAA a ML, ML y ML a MAP. Separación trabecular: MAA a ML> ML a MAP> ML. Número trabecular: ML> ML a MAP> MAA a ML. Conectividad: ML> ML a MAP> MAA a ML. Índice del modelo de estructura: ML> ML a MAP> MAA a ML. Se observó un menor número de estructuras trabeculares y conectividad y una mayor separación trabecular en los arcos anterior y posterior del atlas, en los que se informaron tasas de fracturas más altas. Por el contrario, se observó un mayor número de estructuras trabeculares y conectividad, y una menor separación trabecular en las masas laterales, en las que se observó un número menor de fracturas.

SUMMARY: This study aimed to investigate the sagittal spinal-pelvic morphological changes, as well as the relationship between pelvic anatomical changes and the spinal-pelvic plane in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), in order to provide guidelines for orthopedic surgery in AIS. X-ray data were collected for retrospective analysis from 30 patients diagnosed as AIS in the Departments of Radiology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and the Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medical Hospital from April 2014 to November 2018, along with 30 normal adolescents as control. Pelvic parameters, including pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS), a spinal parameter, lumbar lordosis (LL), and anatomical parameters, including sacral width (SW) and femoral head- sacrum distance (FH-S), were measured. The spinal-pelvic parameters were compared between AIS patients and normal controls and also between male and female AIS patients. Pearson correlation was performed to analyze correlation between spinal-pelvic parameters and between spinal-pelvic parameters and anatomical parameters in both AIS patients and normal controls. PT was significantly lower in AIS patients than in normal controls (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found in the other spinal-pelvic parameters, i. e. , LL, PI, and SS. There was a significant difference in PT between sexes in AIS patients. SS was significantly correlated with LL in EIA patients (P < 0.05, r > 0.5). SS was significantly correlated with LL and PI, and PT with LL, PI, and SS in normal controls (all P < 0.05), and there was no significant correlation between the other sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters (P > 0.05). FH-S was significantly correlated with LL, PI, SS, and PT in AIS patients (all P < 0.05). AIS affects some of the sagittal spinalpelvic parameters and anatomical parameters. In AIS, there is a significant correlation between the spinal-pelvic parameters, and the anatomical parameter is significantly correlated with multiple spinal-pelvic parameters.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los cambios morfológicos sagitales de la columna vertebral-pélvica, así como la relación entre los cambios anatómicos pélvicos y el plano espinal-pélvico en pacientes con escoliosis idiopática adolescente (EIA), con el fin de proporcionar pautas para la cirugía ortopédica en AIS. Se obtuvieron los datos de rayos X para el análisis retrospectivo de 30 pacientes diagnosticados como EIA en los Departamentos de Radiología del hospital Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University y el hospital Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medical Hospital, desde abril de 2014 hasta noviembre del 2018, junto con 30 adolescentes normales como control. Se midieron los parámetros pélvicos, que incluyeron incidencia pélvica (IP), inclinación pélvica (P) y pendiente sacra (PS), un parámetro espinal, lordosis lumbar (LL) y parámetros anatómicos, que incluyeron el ancho sacro (AS) y la distancia del sacro cabeza femoral (FH-S). Los parámetros espinalpélvicos se compararon entre los pacientes con EIA y los controles normales, como también entre pacientes con EIA masculinos y femeninos. La correlación de Pearson se realizó para analizar la correlación entre los parámetros espinal-pélvicos y entre los parámetros espinal-pélvicos y los parámetros anatómicos tanto en pacientes con EIA como en controles normales. PT fue significativamente menor en pacientes con EIA que en los controles normales (P <0,05), mientras que no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los otros parámetros espinal-pélvicos, i. mi. , LL, PI y SS. Hubo una diferencia significativa en PT en pacientes de ambos sexos con EIA. SS se correlacionó significativamente con LL en pacientes con EIA (P <0,05, r> 0,5). SS se correlacionó significativamente con LL y PI, y PT con LL, PI y SS en controles normales (todos P <0,05), y no hubo correlación significativa entre los otros parámetros sagitales de la columna vertebral-pélvica (P> 0,05) FH-S se correlacionó significativamente con LL, PI, SS y PT en pacientes con EIA (todos P <0,05). EIA afecta algunos de los parámetros sagitales de la columna vertebral-pélvica y los parámetros anatómicos. En EIA, existe una correlación significativa entre los parámetros espinal-pélvicos, y el parámetro anatómico se correlaciona significativamente con múltiples parámetros espinales-pélvicos.

RESUMEN Para evaluar la calidad de yacimiento en areniscas compactas es importante determinar las características de las gargantas de poros, entre ellas las clases de espacio presentes y la distribución de los tamaños de poros. En este trabajo se comparan e integran los resultados de varios métodos de prueba, entre ellos el microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM), porosimetría de presión controlada (PCP), y porosimetría de velocidad controlada (RCP), para caracterizar la distribución de los tamaños de poros y los efectos de la diagénesis en las areniscas compactas de la cuenca Ordos, en China. Los resultados muestran que los espacios de yacimiento en areniscas compactas se pueden clasificar de acuerdo con tres tipos de origen (compactación, disolución y arcilloso) y que los tamaños y formas del espacio de poros difiere de acuerdo con el origen. De acuerdo con la información obtenida por la porosimetría con inyección de mercurio y la sobreestimación de los radios de poros por la porosimetría de presión controlada, se puede determinar el rango completo de la distribución del tamaño de poros en areniscas compactas al combinar la información del método PCP con la información corregida del método RCP. El radio de la garganta de poro en areniscas compactas varía de 36 nm a 200 µm; la curva de distribución se caracteriza por tres picos. El pico de la derecha permanece similar a lo largo de todas las muestras y corresponde a los poros intergranulares residuales y a los poros de disolución. El pico central y el de la izquierda muestran la variación entre las muestras debido a la heterogeneidad y la complejidad de los cuerpos de garganta a nano-escala. El promedio del contenido poroso a micro-escala es de 33.49 %, y las gargantas a nano-escala ascienden al 66.54 %. Esto significa que los espacios de gargantas a nano-escala dominan el espacio del yacimiento en areniscas compactas. La compactación, disolución, cementacion de carbonato y cementación arcillosa tienen varios efectos en las gargantas de poros. La compactación y la cementación de carbonato decrecen el contenido del cuerpo del poro. El puente arcilloso de poros reduce el contenido del espacio de las gargantas. Mientras que la cementación arcillosa de revestimiento de poros preserva el espacio entre los poros.

ABSTRACT Determining the characteristics of pore-throat structures, including the space types present and the pore size distribution, is important for the evaluation of reservoir quality in tight sandstones. In this study, the results of various testing methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-controlled porosimetry (PCP) and rate-controlled porosimetry (RCP), were compared and integrated to characterize the pore size distribution and the effects of diagenesis upon it in tight sandstones from the Ordos Basin, China. The results showed that reservoir spaces in tight sandstones can be classified into those with three types of origins (compaction, dissolution, and clay-related) and that the sizes and shapes of pore space differ depending on origin. Considering the data obtained by mercury injection porosimetry and the overestimation of pore radii by pressure-controlled porosimetry, the full-range pore size distribution of tight sandstones can be determined by combining data from PCP with corrected RCP data. The pore-throat radii in tight sandstone vary from 36 nm to 200 µm, and the distribution curve is characterized by three peaks. The right peak remains similar across the sample set and corresponds to residual intergranular pores and dissolution pores. The middle and left peaks show variation between samples due to the heterogeneity and complexity of nano-scale throat bodies. The average micro-scale pore content is 33.49%, and nano-scale throats make up 66.54%. The nano-scale throat spaces thus dominate the reservoir space of the tight sandstones. Compaction, dissolution, carbonate cementation and clay cementation have various effects on pore-throats. Compaction and carbonate cementation decrease the pore body content, pore-bridging clay cementation decreases the throat space content, and Simultaneously, pore-lining clay cementation preserves pore space.

RESUMO: A aplicação de herbicidas é um método eficaz de controle de ervas daninhas para mitigar a perda de produtividade das culturas. No entanto, o uso excessivo de herbicidas pode causar toxicidade em plantas não alvo. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da dose recomendada para aplicação agrícola (0.45 kg ha-1) e dose excessiva (0.90 kg ha-1) de glufosinato no desempenho fotossintético e assimilação de nitrogênio das variedades de colza D148 e Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Ambas as concentrações de glutamato diminuíram significativamente o teor de clorofila e compostos azotados, exceto a prolina livre, e a atividade de síntese da glutamina e de síntese de glutamato, e aumentaram a atividade de desidrogenase do ácido glutâmico em ambas as variedades. Quando a concentração de glifosato foi 0.45 kg ha-1, a assimilação de azoto das duas variedades diminuiu, o que indicou que a dosagem recomendada de glifosato inibiu a assimilação de azoto das duas variedades de colza. Entretanto, a taxa fotosintética líquida do D148 aumentou enquanto o do ZS11 diminuiu, o que significa que o D148 é mais tolerante a dose recomendada de glifosato do que o ZS11. A dose de 0.90 kg ha-1 de glifosato foi prejudicial para as mudas de duas variedades de colza. Em geral, os nossos resultados indicam que o uso excessivo de glufosinato inibe a taxa fotossintética e a assimilação de nitrogênio em mudas de colza, sendo essencial aplicar uma dose adequada deste herbicida com base na variedade cultivada para minimizar os efeitos adversos nas culturas e no meio ambiente.

ABSTRACT: Herbicide application is an effective weed control method for mitigating crop yield loss; however, herbicide overuse can cause toxicity in non-target plants. The present study evaluated the effects of glufosinate at recommended dose for agricultural application (0.45 kg ha-1) and at overuse dose (0.90 kg ha-1) glufosinate application on photosynthetic performance and nitrogen assimilation of the rapeseed varieties D148 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Both glufosinate concentrations significantly decreased the content of chlorophyll and nitrogenous compounds, except free proline, and the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, and increased the activity of glutamic acid dehydrogenase in both varieties. When the concentration of glyphosate was 0.45kg ha-1, the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties decreased, which indicated that the recommended dosage inhibited the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties; however, the increase of net photosynthetic rate of D148 and the decrease of that of ZS11 mean that D148 is more tolerant to the recommended dose of glyphosate than ZS11. The 0.90 kg ha-1 dosage was toxic to both rapeseed varieties. Overall, our results indicated that herbicide overuse inhibited the photosynthetic rate and nitrogen assimilation in rapeseed seedlings, and it is essential to apply a suitable glufosinate dose based on the variety grown to minimize adverse effects on crops and environment.

RESUMEN Con base en los datos HJ-1A HSI y Landsat-8 OLI, los experimentos de fusión de imágenes RS se llevaron a cabo utilizando tres métodos de fusión: transformación de componente principal (PC), transformación de Gram Schimdt (GS) y algoritmo de difusión vecina más cercana (NND). Se seleccionaron cuatro índices de evaluación, desviación estándar, entropía de información y gradiente promedio, para evaluar los resultados de fusión de los aspectos de brillo de imagen, claridad y contenido de información. La vegetación de humedales se clasificó por mapeo de ángulo espectral (SAM) para encontrar un método de fusión adecuado para la extracción de información de vegetación de humedales. Los resultados muestran que la imagen de fusión de PC contiene la mayor cantidad de información, la imagen de fusión GS tiene ciertas ventajas en el mantenimiento del brillo y la claridad, y el método de fusión NND puede retener las características espectrales de la imagen al máximo. Entre los tres métodos de fusión, la transformación de PC es la más adecuada para la extracción de información de humedales. Puede retener más información espectral al tiempo que mejora la resolución espacial, con una precisión de clasificación del 89,24% y un coeficiente Kappa de 0,86.

ABSTRACT Based on HJ-1A HSI data and Landsat-8 OLI data, RS image fusion experiments were carried out using three fusion methods: principal component (PC) transform, Gram Schimdt (GS) transform and nearest neighbor diffusion (NND) algorithm. Four evaluation indexes, namely mean, standard deviation, information entropy and average gradient, were selected to evaluate the fusion results from the aspects of image brightness, clarity and information content. Wetland vegetation was classified by spectral angle mapping (SAM) to find a suitable fusion method for wetland vegetation information extraction. The results show that PC fusion image contains the largest amount of information, GS fusion image has certain advantages in brightness and clarity maintenance, and NND fusion method can retain the spectral characteristics of the image to the maximum extent; among the three fusion methods, PC transform is the most suitable for wetland information extraction. It can retain more spectral information while improving spatial resolution, with classification accuracy of 89.24% and Kappa coefficient of 0.86.

SUMMARY: This study aimed to investigate the micro-anatomical morphology of ossicular chain in term fetus using micro-CT, in order to analyze the parameters of internal ossicular structure that may affect sound conduction.Four ossicular chains from two term fetuses were scanned by micro-CT. The related structural parameters of the trabeculae within the incus and malleus were calculated and compared. The fine anatomical structure of the auditory ossicles was analyzed.The microstructure of each auditory ossicles in term fetuses was clearly revealed by micro-CT. A marrow cavity was observed in the incus and malleus. In statistical analysis of the structural parameters of trabeculae in the incus and malleus, significant differences were found in BS/BV and Tb.Th (P < 0.05). Micro-CT enables the visualization of internal ossicular structure. The auditory ossicles in term fetus has good bone quality. The obtained bone structure data will help to clarify the physiological functions of normal fetal auditory ossicles.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la morfología microanatómica de la cadena osicular en el feto a término con micro-CT, con el fin de analizar los parámetros de la estructura osicular interna que pueden afectar la conducción del sonido. Cuatro cadenas osiculares de dos fetos a término fueron examinadas por micro-CT. Se calcularon y compararon los parámetros estructurales relacionados de las trabéculas dentro de los incus y malleus. Se analizó la estructura anatómica fina de los osículos. Se observó claramente la microestructura de cada osículo en los fetos y la cavidad medular en el incus y el malleus. En el análisis estadístico de los parámetros estructurales de las trabéculas en el incus y el malleus, se encontraron diferencias significativas en BS / BV y Tb.Th (P <0,05). Micro-CT permite la visualización de la estructura osicular interna. Los osículos en el feto a término tienen buena calidad ósea. Los datos obtenidos de la estructura ósea ayudarán para aclarar las funciones fisiológicas de los osículos auditivos fetales normales.