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au:Gallo, S. S. M.

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Isospora bertoi n. sp. of the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola (Aves: Passeriformes) from Brazil
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Oliveira, F. C. R.

; Gallo, S. S. M.

; Elizeu, T. K. S.

; Ederli, N. B.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e270649

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract A new species of coccidia (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described from the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola, is reported from Brazil. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora bertoi n. sp. are spherical to subspherical; 23.6 (21.1-26.5) x 22.0 (19.4-24.6) µm; shape Index (L/W ratio) 1.1 (1.0-1.2) µm; with bilayer smooth walls, ~1.1 μm. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but polar granules are present. Sporocysts are elongated ellipsoidal, 16.2 (13.6-17.9) x 10.1 (8.9-12.4) µm. Stieda body is button-shaped and Sub-Stieda and Para-Stieda body are absent. Sporocyst residuum is compact and composed of hundreds of granules scattered among the sporozoites. The sporozoite is claviform with an elongated posterior refractile body and nucleus.

Resumo Uma nova espécie de coccídio (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) do canário-da-terra, Sicalis flaveola, é relatada no Brasil. Oocistos esporulados de Isospora bertoi n. sp. são esféricos a subesféricos; 23,6 (21,1-26,5) x 22,0 (19,4-24,6) µm com índice morfométrico (L/W) de 1,1 (1,0-1,2); com parede lisa constituída por duas camadas com ~1,1 μm. Micrópila e resíduo de oocisto estão ausentes, mas grânulos polares estão presentes. Os esporocistos são elipsoidais alongados, 16,2 (13,6-17,9) x 10,1 (8,9-12,4) µm;. O corpo Stieda é em forma de botão, enquanto que os corpos de Sub-Stieda e Para-Stieda estão ausentes. O resíduo do esporocisto é compacto e constituido por centenas de grânulos espalhados entre os esporozoítos. O esporozoíto é claviforme com corpo e núcleo refráteis posteriores alongados.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.270649

Forced Degradation Study and Development of a Stability-Indicating Method for Amoxicillin Capsules According to ANVISA Guidelines
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Gallo, Margareth B. C

; Nascimento, Diogo D. do

; Nunes, Nelson M

; Sousa, Flávia F. M. de

; Boniatti, Janine

; Aguiar, José L. N. de

; Medeiros, Juliana J. S

; Esteves, Alessandra L

; Guerra, Graça M. S

; Ferreira, Luiz E. M

; Regis, Lucas G. I

; Seiceira, Rafael C

; Moncorvo, Fabiana M. S. U

; Chaves, Marcelo H. C

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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dec 2021, Volume 32 N. 12 Pages 2195 - 2205

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study aimed to develop a reliable stability-indicating method (SIM) for amoxicillin 500 mg capsules (DP-drug product). A literature review addressing amoxicillin (AMX; DS-drug substance) forced degradation studies and the existing SIMs was conducted to verify the most significant outcomes. Subsequently, the forced degradation of DP and DS was carried out following the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines, including thermal degradation (dry and wet heat), acidic and alkaline hydrolyses, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, reaction with copper, and photodegradation. Both DS and DP were more susceptible to 0.015 M NaOH, resulting in approximately 50% degradation. AMX DS and DP were not significantly photodegraded, but some degradation products (PDegs) showed susceptibility to light exposure. Thermodegraded samples showing ≥ 10% degradation exhibited modified profiles in thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRPD) of DS samples exposed to dry and wet heat displayed complete amorphization of AMX, attesting to the occurrence of physical degradation concomitantly with chemical degradation, which can alter the drug’s bioavailability. In contrast, the thermodegraded DP samples exhibited intact AMX crystals interspersed with the amorphous form, perhaps partly protected by the excipient. The validated SIM was able to detect and quantify about 80 PDegs.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210111

Polyphenol Profile and Quantitative Assessment of the Flavonoid Kaempferitrin in Wild and Cultivated Brazilian Amazonian Uncaria guianensis (Rubiaceae)
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Paixão, Djavan da

; Barboza, Rodolfo S.

; Valente, Ligia M. M.

; Souza, Matheus O.

; Siani, Antonio C.

; Pereira, Rita C. A.

; Gallo, Blanca

; Berrueta, Luis A.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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aug 2021, Volume 32 N. 8 Pages 1670 - 1679

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The Amazonian Rubiaceae species Uncaria guianensis (UG) is locally used as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-ulcers, and others. The phenolic content of its leaves is characterized by the great predominance of the flavonoid kaempferol-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside (kaempferitrin). The present study quantitatively evaluates the kaempferitrin content in the leaves and branches of cultivated and wild UG specimens collected in different locations of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest by employing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Besides, the understanding of the polyphenol profile performed by electron spray ionization is deepened by tandem mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS/MS), using a previously approached leaf UG extract, and the flavonoid quercetin-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside was first isolated from UG. All samples showed quite similar qualitative polyphenol profiles. Kaempferitrin in UG ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 mg 100 mg-1 for dry leaves of adult wild plants, 0.3 to 0.7 mg 100 mg-1 for dry leaves of cultivated young plants and 0.00 to 0.04 mg 100 mg-1 for dry branches of adult wild plants. Besides suggesting the distribution of kaempferitrin in the species, these results reinforce this flavonol as a suitable chemical marker for UG leaves and the products derived from them.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210064 82 downloads

One-Step Isolation of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids from Psychotria leiocarpa Leaves and Their Antiviral Activity on Dengue Virus Type-2
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Costa, Jéssica O.

; Barboza, Rodolfo S.

; Valente, Ligia M. M.

; Wolff, Thiago

; Gomes, Mário

; Gallo, Blanca

; Berrueta, Luis A.

; Guimarães-Andrade, Iris P.

; Gavino-Leopoldino, Daniel

; Assunção-Miranda, Iranaia

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2020, Volume 31 N. 10 Pages 2104 - 2113

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The leaf MeOH extract of Psychotria leiocarpa (Rubiaceae) showed in vitro non-cytotoxic and anti-dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) activity in human hepatocarcinoma cell lineage (HepG2). A one-step and cost-effective reversed-phase solid-phase extraction method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) parameters allowed the isolation, directly from this bioactive extract, of the monoterpene indole alkaloids: N-glucopyranosyl vincosamide (1), vincosamide (2) and strictosidinic acid (3). The chemical structures were characterized based on 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV and high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS). The methodology has also allowed yielding a polyphenolic-rich fraction that was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) revealing two flavonol triglycosides (4, 5) and three caffeoylquinic acid isomers (6-8). Compound 3 is reported for the first time in P. leiocarpa and all the phenolic compounds (4-8) are described for the first time in the genus Psychotria. Compounds 1-3 showed to be non-cytotoxic and anti-dengue active towards DENV2, highlighting vincosamide (2).

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200111 327 downloads

Gastrointestinal parasites of a population of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Brazil
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Gallo, S. S. M.

; Teixeira, C. S.

; Ederli, N. B.

; Oliveira, F. C. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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feb 2020, Volume 80 N. 1 Pages 66 - 72

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Emus are large flightless birds in the ratite group and are native to Australia. Since the mid-1980s, there has been increased interest in the captive breeding of emus for the production of leather, meat and oil. The aim of this study was to identify gastrointestinal parasites in the feces of emus Dromaius novaehollandiae from a South American scientific breeding. Fecal samples collected from 13 birds were examined by direct smears, both with and without centrifugation, as well as by the fecal flotation technique using Sheather’s sugar solution. Trophozoites, cysts and oocysts of protozoa and nematode eggs were morphologically and morphometrically evaluated. Molecular analysis using PCR assays with specific primers for the genera Entamoeba, Giardia and Cryptosporidium were performed. Trophozoites and cysts of Entamoeba spp. and Giardia spp., oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Isospora dromaii, as well as eggs belonging to the Ascaridida order were found in the feces. Three animals were diagnosed with Giardia spp., and three were positive for Entamoeba spp. based on PCR techniques. After analyzing the data, we concluded that emus were infected enzootically by nematode and protozoan species.

Resumo Emus são aves grandes que não voam pertencentes ao grupo das ratitas e são originários da Austrália. Desde meados da década de 1980, aumentou o interesse pela criação de emus em cativeiro para a produção de couro, carne e óleo. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar parasitas gastrointestinais nas fezes de emus Dromaius novaehollandiae de um criatório científico da América do Sul. Amostras de fezes coletadas de 13 aves foram examinadas por esfregaços diretos, tanto com e sem centrifugação, quanto com a técnica de flutuação fecal utilizando solução de açúcar de Sheather. Trofozoítos, cistos e oocistos de protozoários e ovos de nematóides foram avaliados morfologicamente e morfometricamente. Foram realizadas análises moleculares utilizando ensaios de PCR com primers específicos para os gêneros Entamoeba, Giardia e Cryptosporidium. Trofozoítos e cistos de Entamoeba spp. e Giardia spp., oocistos de Eimeria spp. e Isospora dromaii, bem como ovos pertencentes à ordem Ascaridida foram encontrados nas fezes. Três animais foram diagnosticados com Giardia spp., e três foram positivos para Entamoeba spp. com base em técnicas de PCR. Depois de analisar os dados, concluímos que os emus estavam infectados enzooticamente por espécies de nematóides e protozoários.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.189922

Salinity and stable oxygen isotope relationship in the Southwestern Atlantic: constraints to paleoclimate reconstructions
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BELEM, ANDRE L.

; CARICCHIO, CAMILLA

; ALBUQUERQUE, ANA LUIZA S.

; VENANCIO, IGOR M.

; ZUCCHI, MARIA DO R.

; SANTOS, TARCIO HENRIQUE R. DOS

; ALVAREZ, YACI GALLO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2019, Volume 91 N. 3 elocation e20180226

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Stable isotopes have been widely used in the literature both to discuss current ocean circulation processes, as well as to reconstitute paleoceanographic parameters. The distribution of oxygen and deuterium stable isotopes in seawater (δ18Osw and δDsw) at the Western Tropical South Atlantic border was investigated to better understand the main fractionation processes of these isotopes and establish a regional salinity and δ18Osw relation to improve the paleoceanographic knowledge in the region. This study was conducted during a quasi-synoptic oceanographic cruise in which 98 discrete seawater samples were collected in the core of the main water masses for stable isotope analysis. A strong correlation between δ18Osw and δD was found, which made it possible to extrapolate the results for δ18Osw to δD. Although it was not possible to distinguish the water masses based only on their isotopic signatures, the water masses had a strong salinity and δ18Osw relation, and compared with previous studies, a seasonal pattern was observed. Paleosalinity differences of up to 0.2 psu between Summer and Winter are reported. Considering the limitations of the current techniques to seasonally separate the samples for the paleoceanographic studies, an intermediate Mixing Line for the Tropical South Atlantic (SSS = 1.942* δ18Osw + 34.56) was proposed to reduce the estimated errors associated with these seasonal variations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920180226 2409 downloads

New insights into Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection based on transcriptome analysis in planta
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Rincão, Michelle Pires

; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de

; Nascimento, Leandro Costa

; Lopes-Caitar, Valéria S.

; Carvalho, Kenia de

; Darben, Luana M.

; Yokoyama, Alessandra

; Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella

; Abdelnoor, Ricardo Vilela

; Marcelino-Guimarães, Francismar Correa

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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sep 2018, Volume 41 N. 3 Pages 671 - 691

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Asian soybean rust (ASR) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting soybeans. The causative agent of ASR, the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, presents characteristics that make it difficult to study in vitro, limiting our knowledge of plant-pathogen dynamics. Therefore, this work used leaf lesion laser microdissection associated with deep sequencing to determine the pathogen transcriptome during compatible and incompatible interactions with soybean. The 36,350 generated unisequences provided an overview of the main genes and biological pathways that were active in the fungus during the infection cycle. We also identified the most expressed transcripts, including sequences similar to other fungal virulence and signaling proteins. Enriched P. pachyrhizi transcripts in the resistant (PI561356) soybean genotype were related to extracellular matrix organization and metabolic signaling pathways and, among infection structures, in amino acid metabolism and intracellular transport. Unisequences were further grouped into gene families along predicted sequences from 15 other fungi and oomycetes, including rust fungi, allowing the identification of conserved multigenic families, as well as being specific to P. pachyrhizi. The results revealed important biological processes observed in P. pachyrhizi, contributing with information related to fungal biology and, consequently, a better understanding of ASR.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0161 1743 downloads

The NUMEN project: Heavy-Ion Double Charge Exchange reactions towards 0νββ NME determination
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Agodi, C.

; Cappuzzello, F.

; Carbone, D.

; Cavallaro, M.

; Acosta, L.

; Bonanno, D.

; Bongiovanni, D.

; Borello, T.

; Boztosun, I.

; Calabrese, S.

; Calvo, D.

; Lomelí, E.R. Chávez

; Deshmukh, N.

; Faria, P.N. de

; Finocchiaro, P.

; Fisichella, M.

; Foti, A.

; Gallo, G.

; Hacisalihoglu, A.

; Iazzi, F.

; Introzzi, R.

; Lanzalone, G.

; Linares, R.

; Longhitano, F.

; Presti, D. Lo

; Medina, N.

; Muoio, A.

; Oliveira, J.R.B.

; Pakou, A.

; Pandola, L.

; Pinna, F.

; Reito, S.

; Russo, G.

; Santagati, G.

; Sgouros, O.

; Solakcı, S.O.

; Soukeras, V.

; Souliotis, G.

; Spatafora, A.

; Torresi, D.

; Tudisco, S.

; Yildirim, A.

; Zagatto, V.A.B.

Nucleus

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jun 2018, N. 63 Pages 45 - 47

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract NUMEN proposes cross sections measurements of Heavy-Ion double charge exchange reactions as an innovative tool to access the nuclear matrix elements, entering the expression of the life time of Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ). A key aspect of the projectis the use at INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS) of the Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) for the acceleration of the required high resolution and low emittance heavy-ion beams and of MAGNEX large acceptance magnetic spectrometer for the detection of the ejectiles. The experimental measurements of double charge exchange reactions induced by heavy ions present a number of challenging aspects, since such reactions are characterized by very low cross sections. First experimental results give encouraging indication on the capability to access quantitative information towards the determination of the Nuclear Matrix Elements for 0νββ decay.

Resumen NUMEN propone mediciones de secciones eficaces de reacciones de intercambio de carga doble de iones pesados como una herramienta innovadora para acceder a los elementos de la matriz nuclear, entrando en la expresión del tiempo de vida de la desintegración beta doble sin neutrino (0νββ). Un aspecto clave del proyecto es el uso en INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS) del ciclotrón superconductor (CS) para la aceleración de los haces de iones pesados de alta resolución y baja emitancia requeridos y del espectrómetro magnético de gran aceptación MAGNEX para la detección de los residuos eyectados. Las mediciones experimentales de reacciones de intercambio de carga doble inducidas por iones pesados presentan una serie de aspectos desafiantes, ya que tales reacciones se caracterizan por secciones eficaces muy bajas. Los primeros resultados experimentales dan una indicación alentadora sobre la capacidad de acceder a información cuantitativa para la determinación de los Elementos de la Matriz Nuclear para la descomposición de 0νββ.

The prostate after castration and hormone replacement in a rat model: structural and ultrastructural analysis
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Felix-Patrício, Bruno

; Miranda, Alexandre F.

; Medeiros Jr., Jorge L.

; Gallo, Carla B. M.

; Gregório, Bianca M.

; Souza, Diogo B. de

; Costa, Waldemar S.

; Sampaio, Francisco J. B.

International braz j urol

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oct 2017, Volume 43 N. 5 Pages 957 - 965

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate if late hormonal replacement is able to recover the prostatic tissue modified by androgenic deprivation. Materials and Methods: 24 rats were assigned into a Sham group; an androgen deficient group, submitted to bilateral orchiectomy (Orch); and a group submitted to bilateral orchiectomy followed by testosterone replacement therapy (Orch+T). After 60 days from surgery blood was collected for determination of testosterone levels and the ventral prostate was collected for quantitative and qualitative microscopic analysis. The acinar epithelium height, the number of mast cells per field, and the densities of collagen fibers and acinar lumen were analyzed by stereological methods under light microscopy. The muscle fibers and types of collagen fibers were qualitatively assessed by scanning electron microscopy and polarization microscopy. Results: Hormone depletion (in group Orch) and return to normal levels (in group Orch+T) were effective as verified by serum testosterone analysis. The androgen deprivation promoted several alterations in the prostate: the acinar epithelium height diminished from 16.58±0.47 to 11.48±0.29μm; the number of mast cells per field presented increased from 0.45±0.07 to 2.83±0.25; collagen fibers density increased from 5.83±0.92 to 24.70±1.56%; and acinar lumen density decreased from 36.78±2.14 to 16.47±1.31%. Smooth muscle was also increased in Orch animals, and type I collagen fibers became more predominant in these animals. With the exception of the densities of collagen fibers and acinar lumen, in animals receiving testosterone replacement therapy all parameters became statistically similar to Sham. Collagen fibers density became lower and acinar lumen density became higher in Orch+T animals, when compared to Sham. This is the first study to demonstrate a relation between mast cells and testosterone levels in the prostate. This cells have been implicated in prostatic cancer and benign hyperplasia, although its specific role is not understood. Conclusion: Testosterone deprivation promotes major changes in the prostate of rats. The hormonal replacement therapy was effective in reversing these alterations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2016.0484 1309 downloads

10.

Preliminary Evaluation of Novel Triglyceride-Based Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
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Almeida, Raimundo R. de

; Gallo, Juan

; Silva, Aiêrta C. C. da

; Silva, Ana K. O. da

; Pessoa, Otilia D. L.

; Araújo, Tamara G.

; Leal, Luzia K. A. M.

; Fechine, Pierre B. A.

; Bañobre-López, Manuel

; Ricardo, Nágila M. P. S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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aug 2017, Volume 28 N. 8 Pages 1547 - 1556

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This work describes the development and characterization of triglyceride-based magnetic nanocomposites for application in magnetic hyperthermia and controlled drug delivery. The magnetic solid lipid nanocomposites (MSLN) constituted by mixtures of trilaurin-tricaprylin and trilaurin-tricaprin have been successfully obtained by emulsification-solvent evaporation method. The developed MSLNs were subjected to an external oscillating magnetic field and showed significant hyperthermia. The samples were exposed to frequencies of 688 and 869 kHz causing, respectively, a temperature increase of 15.5 and 22.7 °C (trilaurin-tricaprylin) and 17.3 and 26.1 °C (trilaurin-tricaprin). Also, in vitro assays in the absence of magnetic field showed that the triglyceride-based formulations were able first to encapsulate and then to sustained release an antitumoural hydrophobic drug. After 72 h of assay trilaurin-tricaprylin and trilaurin-tricaprin released 73 and 55% of their cargo, respectively. In addition, MSLN exhibited low in vitro cytotoxic activity against human neutrophils.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20170007 646 downloads

11.

Hematological and morphometric differences of blood cells from rheas, Rhea americana (Struthioniformes: Rheidae) on two conservation farms
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Gallo, S. S. M.

; Ederli, N. B.

; Oliveira, F. C. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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jun 2017, Volume 77 N. 2 Pages 227 - 233

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Atualmente exames de sangue são ferramentas indispensáveis na medicina aviária. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever e comparar valores hematológicos e morfométricos de eritrócitos, leucócitos e trombócitos de emas, Rhea americana. Para isso, foram selecionadas 58 emas de ambos os sexos de dois criatórios, um em Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Espírito Santo (ES) e o outro em São Carlos, São Paulo (SP). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas e realizadas a hematimetria, Hto e dosagem de Hb que foram utilizados nos cálculos dos índices hematimétricos. Também foram efetuadas as contagens total e diferencial de leucócitos, além da dosagem de proteínas total e do fibrinogênio séricos. Os resultados referentes às duas propriedades analisadas foram comparados pelo Teste t. Ocorreram diferenças nos parâmetros da série vermelha entre as aves dos dois criatórios devido a um processo de anemia macrocítica hipocrômica observado nas emas do ES. Os valores para a série vermelha e índices hematimétricos como: hematimetria, 2,81±0,15 x106/μl; Hto, 44,20±2,86%; Hb, 12,12±0,74 g/dL; VCM, 15,75±0,89 fL; HCM, 43,18±1,82 pg; CHCM, 27,44±0,80, além dos valores da série branca como: leucometria total, 12.072±4.116/μL, heterofilo, 64,10±9,90%, eosinófilo, 2,05±2,06%, monócito, 6,40±2,99%, linfócito, 26,93±9,62%, basófilo, 0,52±1,27% foram sugeridos como os de referência para as emas criadas no Brasil. Diferenças estatísticas foram observadas no comprimento de eritrócitos, o qual estava maior nas emas de SP do que aquelas do ES. Em relação à largura, os heterófilos, linfócitos e monócitos das aves do ES foram estatisticamente maior do que aquelas das aves de SP. Concluiu-se que emas podem apresentar alterações morfométricas de células sanguíneas e diferenças nos elementos do sangue de acordo com o tipo de manejo a que são submetidos.

Abstract Today, blood tests are an indispensable tool in avian medicine. This study aimed to describe and compare hematological and morphometric data of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes of rhea, Rhea americana. To do so, 58 rheas of both sexes on two farms, one in Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Espírito Santo (ES), and the other in São Carlos, São Paulo (SP), were selected. Blood samples were taken and their RBC counts, PCV and Hb levels were determined and used in hematimetric index calculations. The total and differentiated leukocyte counts and the TPP and fibrinogen serum levels were also obtained. The results from the two farms analyzed were compared by means of the t test. There were differences in the parameters of the erythrocyte series between the two flocks because of a process of hypochromic macrocytic anemia observed among the rheas in ES. The values for the erythrocyte series and indexes were: RBC, 2.81 ± 0.15 x106/μl; PCV, 44.20 ± 2.86%; Hb, 12.12 ± 0.74 g/dL; MCV, 15.75 ± 0.89 fL; MCH, 43.18 ± 1.82 pg; and MCHC, 27.44 ± 0.80 g/dL. The values for the leukocyte series were: WBC, 12,072 ± 4116 /μL; heterophils, 64.10 ± 9.90%; eosinophils, 2.05 ± 2.06%; monocytes, 6.40 ± 2.99%; lymphocytes, 26.93 ± 9.62%; and basophils, 0.52 ± 1.27%. These can all be suggested as references for rheas reared in Brazil. Statistical differences were observed in erythrocyte length measurements, which were higher in the rheas in SP than in those in ES. Regarding width, the heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes of the birds in ES were statistically greater than those of the birds in SP. It was concluded that rheas may exhibit morphometric alterations to blood cells and differences in blood elements according to the type of management to which they are subjected.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.07915 1524 downloads

12.

Biomassa e atividade microbiana do solo em diferentes sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro
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Guimarães, Nathalia de F.

; Gallo, Anderson de S.

; Fontanetti, Anastácia

; Meneghin, Silvana P.

; Souza, Maicon D. B. de

; Morinigo, Kátia P. G.

; Silva, Rogério F. da

Revista de Ciências Agrárias

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mar 2017, Volume 40 N. 1 Pages 34 - 44

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos diferentes sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro na biomassa e atividade microbiana do solo. O delineamento experimental consistiu em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. A primeira avaliação foi realizada no mês de abril e a segunda no mês de julho de 2015. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro e duas áreas testemunhas: 1) Cafeeiro em consociação com espécies arbóreas e Urochloa cv. decumbens; 2) Cafeeiro em consociação com Urochloa cv. decumbens; 3) Cafeeiro em monocultura; 4) Área com solo em pousio e 5) Fragmento de vegetação nativa. A biomassa e atividade microbiana foram avaliadas em amostras de solo colhidas à profundidade de 0,0-0,10 m. As variáveis avaliadas foram: carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal, quociente metabólico, quociente microbiano e carbono orgânico do solo. Avaliou-se também o acúmulo de manta morta (t ha-1) e a humidade do solo (kg kg-1). Os sistemas Fragmento de vegetação nativa, Cafeeiro em consociação com espécies arbóreas e U. cv. decumbens e Cafeeiro consociado com U. cv. decumbens favorecem a biomassa e a atividade microbiana do solo, independente da época de amostragem.

The work aimed to evaluate the influence of different coffee farming systems in soil microbial biomass and activity. The experimental design consisted in randomized blocks in split plot, with five repetitions. Two seasons were evaluated, the first in April and the second in July 2015. The treatments consisted of three coffee cultivation systems and two control areas: 1) Coffee intercropped with trees species and Urochloa cv. decumbens; 2) Coffee intercropped with Urochloa cv. decumbens; 3) Coffee in monoculture; 4) ground fallow and 5) native vegetation fragment. The soil microbial biomass and activity were assessed in soil samples collected at 0.0-0.10 m depth. The following variables were evaluated: microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient and soil organic carbon. Litter accumulation (t ha-1) and soil moisture (kg kg-1) were also evaluated. The systems fragment of native vegetation, Coffee in consortium with tree species and U. cv. decumbens and Coffee intercropped with U. cv. decumbens favour soil microbial biomass and activity, regardless the sampling time.

https://doi.org/10.19084/RCA16041 2811 downloads

13.

Cefalea... ¿y algo más?: Neuroimágenes en el estudio de la cefalea
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Cobeñas, R.

; Aguilar, M.

; Aranguren, J.

; Gallo, J.C.

; Espil, G.

; Kozima, S.

Revista argentina de radiología

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sep 2016, Volume 80 N. 3 Pages 192 - 203

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

A review is presented of the radiological findings (computed tomography -CT- and magnetic resonance imaging -MRI-) of headache, according to our experience. According to MESH database this entity is a skull based pain that can have a benign cause or be an expression of a wide spectrum of disorders. Headaches can be classified according to their temporal evolution (acute or chronic), presentation (blow up, aura, rapidly evolutionary, etc.), or according to associated symptoms, such as seizures or focal deficits. They could also be classified into primary or secondary, depending on the presence or absence of demonstrable disease. The primary headaches can have known symptoms (i.e. migraine), but in secondary ones certain symptoms and signs should alert on the existence of structural disease. At this point imaging methods have an outstanding role, as they allow detecting and identifying structural causes in patients with headache. Our findings corresponded to primary headaches (i.e.: migraine infarction) and organic aetiologies, such as vascular causes (venous thrombosis, vasospasm and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy); intracerebral and extra-axial haemorrhage; post-surgical and post- traumatic headaches; and those due to infections and tumours (pituitary apoplexy or intracranial hypertension). Malformations, such as Arnold-Chiari's, and intracranial hypotension have also been found. In some cases a CT is initially performed and then an MR, whilst in others MR is the method of choice. Neuroimaging facilitates the study of headache, helping to characterise them into primary or secondary. In the latter case, the imaging also enables the findings to be classified.

Se revisa la iconografía de los hallazgos por tomografía computada (TC) y resonancia magnética (RM) de la cefalea, según nuestra experiencia. De acuerdo con la base MESH, esta entidad se define como un dolor craneano, que puede ser de ocurrencia benigna o la manifestación de una amplia gama de desórdenes. Las cefaleas se clasifican por su evolución temporal (aguda o crónica), presentación (en estallido, gravativa, etc.) o coexistencia de síntomas asociados, como auras, convulsiones o déficits focales. También se dividen en primarias o secundarias, según la existencia o no de una patología subyacente. Las primarias pueden tener manifestaciones clínicas definidas, pero en las secundarias ciertos signos y síntomas deben alertar sobre la presencia de una patología estructural. En este caso, las neuroimágenes tienen un rol esencial al detectar las causantes del cuadro. Nuestros hallazgos correspondieron a cefaleas primarias (p. ej: infarto migrañoso) y a etiologías orgánicas, entre las que se destacaron causas vasculares, como patología venosa (trombosis), vasoespasmo y leucoencefalopatía posterior reversible; hemorragias intraparen-quimatosas y extraaxiales; cefaleas postraumáticas y posquirúrgicas; y causas infecciosas y tumorales (apoplejía hipofisaria e hipertensión endocraneana). Además, hubo malformaciones (Arnold-Chiari, p.ej.) y otras como hipotensión endocraneana. En algunos casos inicialmente se realizó una TC y luego una RM, mientras que en otros la RM fue el método de elección. Las neuroimágenes facilitan el estudio de la cefalea, caracterizando la afección en primaria o secundaria. En el segundo caso permiten, a su vez, clasificar los hallazgos.

770 downloads

14.

Timeline and geographical distribution of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Heliothinae) in Brazil
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Sosa-Gómez, Daniel R.

; Specht, Alexandre

; Paula-Moraes, Silvana V.

; Lopes-Lima, Adilson

; Yano, Silvia A.C.

; Micheli, Adriana

; Morais, Elisangela G.F.

; Gallo, Paulo

; Pereira, Paulo R.V.S.

; Salvadori, José R.

; Botton, Marcos

; Zenker, Maurício M.

; Azevedo-Filho, Wilson S.

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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mar 2016, Volume 60 N. 1 Pages 101 - 104

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study presents registers of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) occurrence to assess its spatial and temporal distribution in Brazil. We used data from collections, especially from the Southern Region, systematic collections in Rio Grande do Sul, occasional collections of caterpillars and adults in different regions of Brazil, as well as literature registers. We conclude that the introduction of H. armigera in Brazil probably occurred before October 2008. We also register that in August 2012 H. armigera was already present from the extreme southern part (Rio Grande do Sul) to the extreme northern part (Amapá) of Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.008 3022 downloads

15.

Hematological, morphological and morphometric characteristics of blood cells from rhea, Rhea Americana (Struthioniformes: Rheidae): a standard for Brazilian birds
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Gallo, S. S. M.

; Ederli, N. B.

; Bôa-Morte, M. O.

; Oliveira, F. C. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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nov 2015, Volume 75 N. 4 Pages 953 - 962

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Exames de sangue são uma ferramenta indispensável na medicina de aves. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever valores e aspectos da hematologia de emas, Rhea americana, bem como analisar a morfologia e morfometria de todas as células sanguíneas. Cinquenta e oito emas adultas de ambos os sexos de dois criatórios, um em Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, ES e o outro em São Carlos, SP foram selecionadas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas e CTH, Ht e níveis de Hb foram mensurados e usados para o cálculo dos índices hematimétricos. A contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, assim como, PPT e fibrinogênio foram determinados. Eritrócitos, leucócitos e trombócitos foram identificados e caracterizados morfologicamente. Os valores para série vermelha e índices hematimétricos foram: CTH (2,81±0,15×106/μL), Ht (44,20±2,86%), Hb (12,12±0,74 g/dL), VCM (15,75±0,89 fL), HCM (43,18±1,82 pg), CHCM (27,44±0,80 g/dL); os valores da série branca foram: CTL (12,072±4116/μL), heterófilos (64,10±9,90%), eosinófilos (2,05±2,06%), monócitos (6,40±2,99%), linfócitos (26,93±9,62%), basófilos (0,52±1,27%). Pode-se concluir que, na média, células sanguíneas de emas são maiores que as de outras aves, porém, não é possível diferenciar estas células em esfregaços somente pelo seu tamanho. Além disso, leucócitos de emas possuem diferentes componentes e coloração como acontece em outras espécies de aves, no entanto, não há nenhum componente ou aspectos tintoriais exclusivo para a espécie.

Abstract Blood exams are an indispensable tool in bird medicine. This study aimed at describing values and aspects of rheas' hematology, Rhea americana, as well as analyzing the morphology and morphometry of all blood cells. Fifty eight adult rheas of both sexes from two farms, one in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo State and the other in São Carlos, São Paulo State, were selected. Blood samples were taken and RBC count, PCV and Hb levels measured and used in hematimetric indexes calculations. The total and differentiated leukocyte counts, as well as the TPP and fibrinogen were determined. Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes were identified and characterized morphologically. The values for the red series and hematimetric indexes were: RBC (2.81±0.15×106/μL), PCV (44.20±2.86%), Hb (12.12±0.74 g/dL), MCV (15.75±0.89 fL), MCH (43.18±1.82 pg), MCHC (27.44±0.80 g/dL); the values of white series were: WBC (12.072±4116/μL), heterophils (64.10±9.90%), eosinophils (2.05±2.06%), monocytes (6.40±2.99%), lymphocytes (26.93±9.62%), basophils (0.52±1.27%). One may conclude that on average, rheas' blood cells are larger than those of other birds, but these cells in smears cannot be differentiated only by their size. Besides rheas' leukocytes have different components and coloring as in other bird species, however, there are no components or staining aspects unique to the species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.03414 14158 downloads

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