Resumen Objetivo: Describir las características de los tumores renales bilaterales, y su impacto en la función renal postquirúrgica en pacientes de una institución de Ciudad de México. Métodos: De marzo 1980 a mayo 2021, 17 pacientes fueron llevados a cirugía por tumores renales bilaterales, 12 fueron sincrónicos y el resto metacrónicos. Se realizó una descripción de las características oncológicas y funcionales. Resultados: La edad media fue de 46.9+13.5 años. Cuatro fueron mujeres y trece hombres. El tamaño del “primer” tumor fue 4.85+/- 2.59 cm y del “segundo” de 5.34+/-3.95 cm. En los tumores sincrónicos se realizaron 9 nefrectomías radicales y 3 parciales para el primer tumor y 2 radicales y 9 parciales para el segundo tumor (1 paciente continúa en vigilancia del segundo tumor). En los metacrónicos se realizaron 5 nefrectomías radicales para el primer tumor, 4 radicales y 1 parcial para el segundo tumor. La concordancia histológica en sincrónicos y metacrónicos fue de 91% y 80%, respectivamente. La TFGe preoperatoria fue 77.53+30.44 (ml/min/1.73 m2) y posoperatoria 46.85+38.34, disminuyendo 35.8% tras segunda cirugía. El seguimiento fue 88.7+/-44.5 meses. Cinco pacientes (29.4%) recurrieron. La supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad fue 67.5 y 43 meses, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La concordancia histológica es equiparable a los reportes de la literatura internacional. El deterioro de la TFGe posoperatoria fue más significativo en los tumores metacrónicos donde hubo mayor porcentaje de nefrectomías radicales. Por lo que resalta la importancia de realizar nefrectomías parciales siempre que sea factible.

Abstract Objective: To describe the characteristics of bilateral renal tumors and its impact on postoperative renal function in patients from an institution in Mexico City. Methods: From March 1980 to May 2021, 17 patients underwent surgery for bilateral renal tumors, 12 were synchronous and the rest metachronous. Oncological and functional characteristics were described. Results: Mean age was 46.9+/-13.5 years. Four were women and thirteen men. The size of the "first" tumor was 4.85+/-2.59 cm and the "second" was 5.34+/-3.95 cm. In synchronous tumors, 9 radical and 3 partial nephrectomies were performed for the first tumor and 2 radical and 9 partial for the second tumor (1 patient is still on surveillance for the second tumor). In metachronous patients, 5 radical nephrectomies were performed for the first tumor, and 4 radical and 1 partial for the second tumor. The histological concordance in synchronous and metachronous was 91% and 80%, respectively. The preoperative eGFR was 77.53+30.44 (ml/min/1.73 m2) and postoperative 46.85+38.34, decreasing 35.8% after the second surgery. Follow-up was 88.7+/-44.5 months. Five patients (29.4%) recurred. Overall and disease-free survival were 67.5 and 43 months, respectively. Conclusions: The histological concordance is in line with previous international reports. Postoperative eGFR decline was more significant in metachronous patients in whom the proportion of radical nephrectomies was higher. Therefore, it highlights the importance of performing partial nephrectomies whenever feasible.

Background: The negative impact of tobacco smoking on renal function has been widely studied. However, there is limited knowledge about the effect of smoking on pre-operative and post-operative renal function in living kidney donors. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the short- and mid-term impact of smoking on donor renal function. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 308 patients who underwent living donor nephrectomy (LDN) at a tertiary referral hospital. We compared baseline characteristics as well as functional outcomes following LDN according to history of tobacco smoking. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated with the modification of diet in renal disease equation in 6 time periods: pre-operative, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after surgery. We performed a Kaplan-Meier analysis for chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcome and binary logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with CKD at 24 months of follow-up. Results: Among donors, 106 (34.4%) reported a smoking history before nephrectomy. Smoking donors had worse pre-operative eGFR than non-smokers (90 ± 26.3 mL/min/1.73m2 vs. 96 ± 27 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; p = 0.02) and lower eGFR at 1 week (p = 0.01), 1 month (p ≤ 0.01), 6 months (p = 0.01), and 12 months (p = 0.01) after LDN. Tobacco smoking (OR 3.35, p ≤ 0.01) and age ≥ 40 years at donation (OR 6.59, p ≤ 0.01) were associated with post-operative development of CKD at 24 months after LDN. Conclusions: Living kidney donors with a tobacco smoking history had an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease following nephrectomy. Smoking-cessation strategies should be implemented.

Abstract: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based early detection for prostate cancer is the subject of intense debate. Implementation of organized prostate cancer screening has been challenging, in part because the PSA test is so amenable to opportunistic screening. To the extent that access to cancer screening tests increases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is an urgent need to thoughtfully evaluate existing and future cancer screening strategies to ensure benefit and control costs. We used Mexico’s prostate cancer screening efforts to illustrate the challenges LMICs face. We provide five considerations for policymakers for a smarter approach and implementation of PSA-based screening.

Resumen : El uso del Antígeno Prostático Específico (APE) para tamizaje para cáncer de próstata sigue siendo tema de amplio debate. La implementación de estrategias de tamiz organizado de cáncer de próstata ha sido un reto en parte porque la prueba de APE se presta para detección oportunista. A medida que aumenta el acceso a las pruebas de detección de cáncer en los países de ingresos bajos y medianos (PIBM), existe la necesidad urgente de evaluar cuidadosamente las estrategias actuales y futuras de detección oportuna de cáncer para garantizar su beneficio y controlar sus costos. Utilizamos los esfuerzos de tamizaje de cáncer de próstata de México para ilustrar los retos para PIBM. Ofrecemos cinco consideracio nes dirigidas a tomadores de decisión que permitan contar con estrategias racionales de implementación de tamizaje para cáncer de próstata basado en el uso de APE.

Abstract: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based early detection for prostate cancer is the subject of intense debate. Implementation of organized prostate cancer screening has been challenging, in part because the PSA test is so amenable to opportunistic screening. To the extent that access to cancer screening tests increases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is an urgent need to thoughtfully evaluate existing and future cancer screening strategies to ensure benefit and control costs. We used Mexico’s prostate cancer screening efforts to illustrate the challenges LMICs face. We provide five considerations for policymakers for a smarter approach and implementation of PSA-based screening.

Resumen : El uso del Antígeno Prostático Específico (APE) para tamizaje para cáncer de próstata sigue siendo tema de amplio debate. La implementación de estrategias de tamiz organizado de cáncer de próstata ha sido un reto en parte porque la prueba de APE se presta para detección oportunista. A medida que aumenta el acceso a las pruebas de detección de cáncer en los países de ingresos bajos y medianos (PIBM), existe la necesidad urgente de evaluar cuidadosamente las estrategias actuales y futuras de detección oportuna de cáncer para garantizar su beneficio y controlar sus costos. Utilizamos los esfuerzos de tamizaje de cáncer de próstata de México para ilustrar los retos para PIBM. Ofrecemos cinco consideracio nes dirigidas a tomadores de decisión que permitan contar con estrategias racionales de implementación de tamizaje para cáncer de próstata basado en el uso de APE.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To provide data of the incidence and management of common urological malignancies in renal transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective database from August 1967 to August 2015. A descriptive analysis of the sample was performed. Results: Among 1256 consecutive RTR a total of 88 patients developed malignancies (7%). There were 18 genitourinary tumors in the 16 patients (20.45 % of all malignant neoplasms), incidence of 1.27%. The most common neoplasm encounter was renal cancer (38.8%), followed by urothelial carcinoma (33.3%). Median follow-up of transplantation was 197 months (R, 36-336). Mean time from RT to cancer diagnosis 89±70 months (R, 12-276). CsA and AZA was the most common immunosuppression regimen in 68.75%. Mean follow-up after diagnosis was 103±72 months (R 10-215). Recurrence free survival rate of 100%. Overall survival of 89.5% of the sample; there were two non-related cancer deaths during follow-up. Conclusions: The incidence of neoplasms in RTR was lower than in other series, with favorable functional and oncologic results after treatment. This suggests that actions to reduce the risk of these malignancies as well as a strict follow-up are mandatory for an early detection and treatment.

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most frequent tumor found in men worldwide and in Mexico in particular. Age and family history are the main risk factors. The diagnosis is made by prostate biopsy in patients with abnormalities detected in their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or digital rectal exam (DRE). This article reviews screening and diagnostic methods as well as treatment options for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Resumen El cáncer de próstata es el tumor más frecuente en hombres a nivel mundial, y de manera específica en México. Los principales factores de riesgo son la edad y la historia familiar. El diagnóstico se obtiene por medio de biopsia prostática en pacientes detectados por anormalidades en el antígeno prostático o tacto rectal. En este artículo se hace una discusión de los métodos de tamizaje, diagnóstico y opciones de tratamiento en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata.

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most frequent tumor found in men worldwide and in Mexico in particular. Age and family history are the main risk factors. The diagnosis is made by prostate biopsy in patients with abnormalities detected in their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or digital rectal exam (DRE). This article reviews screening and diagnostic methods as well as treatment options for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Resumen El cáncer de próstata es el tumor más frecuente en hombres a nivel mundial, y de manera específica en México. Los principales factores de riesgo son la edad y la historia familiar. El diagnóstico se obtiene por medio de biopsia prostática en pacientes detectados por anormalidades en el antígeno prostático o tacto rectal. En este artículo se hace una discusión de los métodos de tamizaje, diagnóstico y opciones de tratamiento en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata.