With the growing capacity of modern healthcare systems, predictive analytics techniques are becoming increasingly powerful and more accessible. Careful consideration must be given to the whole process of prognostic model development and implementation to improve patient care in orthopaedics. Using the example of risk prediction models for total knee arthroplasty outcomes, the literature was reviewed to identify evidence and examples of factors associated with successfully taking predictive models from the computer and implementing them in the clinical environment where they can influence patient outcomes. There were 164 articles included after screening 439 abstracts, 37 of which reported models which had been implemented in the clinical environment. Six of these 37 articles reported some form of clinical impact evaluation, and five of the six evaluated the Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) for arthroplasty. These models demonstrated some positive impacts on clinical outcomes, such as decreased length of stay. However, the findings of this review demonstrate that only a small proportion of developed risk prediction models have been successfully implemented in the clinical environment where they can achieve this positive clinical impact. Level of evidence: Level 5

O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir híbridos somáticos assimétricos de citros pela fusão de protoplastos irradiados com raios gama e protoplastos tratados com iodoacetamida. Protoplastos foram isolados de suspensões celulares embriogênicas de pomelo (Citrus paradisi Macfad.), cultivares Ruby Red e Flame, de laranja doce (C. sinensis Osbeck) 'Itaboraí', 'Natal', Valencia' e 'Succari', de tangerinas 'Satsuma' (C. unshiu Marcow.) e 'Changsha' (C. reticulata Blanco) e de tangor 'Murcott' (C. reticulata x C. sinensis). Protoplastos doadores foram expostos a raios gama e protoplastos receptores foram tratados com 3 mmol L-1 de iodoacetamida (IOA) e fusionados para hibridação assimétrica. Embriões assimétricos foram germinados e as brotações produzidas foram enxertadas sobre porta-enxertos de sementes de 'Laranja azeda', 'Limão rugoso' ou citrumelo 'Swingle' (C. paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) x 'Sunki' ou enraizadas após embebição em solução de ácido indol-3-butírico (IBA) e aclimatadas em casa de vegetação. A análise de ploidia foi realizada por meio de citometria de fluxo e a hibridicidade foi confirmada por análise de polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmentos amplificados (AFLP) de amostras de DNA das plântulas. A melhor combinação doador-recipiente foi de protoplastos de 'Ruby Red' irradiados com 80 Gy, fusionados com protoplastos de 'Succari' tratados por 20 min com IOA. Plantas tetraploides e aneuploides foram produzidas e o problema de recalcitrância ao enraizamento foi resolvido pela introdução das bases das brotações em 3.000 mg L-1 de IBA por 10 min.

The objective of this study was to produce citrus somatic asymmetric hybrids by fusing gamma-irradiated protoplasts with iodoacetamide-treated protoplasts. Protoplasts were isolated from embryogenic suspension cells of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) cultivars Ruby Red and Flame, sweet oranges (C. sinensis Osbeck) 'Itaboraí', 'Natal', Valencia', and 'Succari', from 'Satsuma' (C. unshiu Marcow.) and 'Changsha' mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) and 'Murcott' tangor (C. reticulata x C. sinensis). Donor protoplasts were exposed to gamma rays and receptor protoplasts were treated with 3 mmol L-1 iodoacetamide (IOA), and then they were fused for asymmetric hybridization. Asymmetric embryos were germinated, and the resulting shoots were either grafted onto sour orange, rough lemon or 'Swingle' (C. paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) x 'Sunki' mandarin rootstock seedlings, or rooted after dipping their bases in indol-butyric acid (IBA) solution. The products were later acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. Ploidy was analyzed by flow cytometry, and hybridity was confirmed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of plantlet DNAsamples. The best treatment was the donor-recipient fusion combination of 80 Gy-irradiated 'Ruby Red' protoplasts with 20 min IOA-treated 'Succari' protoplasts. Tetraploid and aneuploid plants were produced. Rooting recalcitrance was solved by dipping shoots' stems in 3,000 mg L-1 IBA solution for 10 min.

A comparative study on the sensitivity of erythrocytes from different vertebrate species (avian, mammalian and reptilian) to the hemolytic action caused by cardiotoxin isolated from Naja naja atra venom was carried out. Cardiotoxin was able to induce direct hemolysis in washed erythrocytes from several animals, except for llama. The EC50 values from hemolysis of the most sensitive (cat) and the most resistant (snake) animal varied approximately tenfold. According to the cell behavior, it was possible to characterize four types of behavior: The first was observed in cat, horse and human cells; the second in rat, rabbit and dog erythrocytes; and the third only in llama erythrocytes, which were resistant to cardiotoxin concentrations up to 300 µg/ml. Finally, avian and reptilian erythrocytes were more resistant to cardiotoxin III-induced hemolysis than those of the mammalian species.

Blood samples were collected from 180 healthy specimens of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus, in captivity. All animals were in good clinical condition. Normal biochemical reference values were established for the following: total proteins, albumin, globulins, uric acid, creatinine, urea, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total lipids, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, GOT (AST), GPT (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Samples were obtained by venipuncture of the ventral tail vein. Values were compared with published data for Boidae, Elapidae, and Viperidae.

Blood samples of 50 healthy specimens from each of the following species: Bothrops alternatus, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni, and Bothrops neuwiedi diporus all kept in captivity were taken to determine the hematocrit (PCV) value, red blood cell count (RBC), total leukocyte (WBC) and differential leukocyte count, thrombocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin concentration (HbC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). These hematological parameters were compared to those obtained from other Bothrops species. PCV values, RBC, hemoglobin, WBC count, and differential leukocyte count are within the range of values reported for other Bothrops species, while the thrombocyte count was significantly lower. All the hematological parameters obtained from the four studied Bothrops species were higher than those described for B. ammodytoides.