RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes com distúrbios olfatórios no cenário de pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos Foram selecionados pacientes com queixa de perda de olfato, previamente triados pelo sistema de telemonitoramento da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Goiânia (GO), Brasil, que concordaram em responder um questionário sobre sintomas e achados de exame em relação à COVID-19. As entrevistas foram realizadas por seis médicos otorrinolaringologistas que, via telefonema, submeteram os participantes a questionário específico. Resultados Dos 13.910 pacientes em telemonitoramento, 627 (4,51%) apresentavam queixas de alteração do olfato, e, destes, 330 foram incluídos na pesquisa. A maior prevalência de alteração do olfato se deu em mulheres (67%), e em pacientes com menos de 50 anos (86%). Na maioria dos casos, as manifestações ocorreram de forma súbita (70%), e nos primeiros 5 dias de doença (80%). O sintoma associado mais prevalente foi alteração do paladar (89%), e houve necessidade de internação hospitalar somente em 2,7% dos pacientes entrevistados. Conclusão A anosmia na COVID-19 é mais prevalente no sexo feminino e em pacientes com menos de 50 anos. Juntamente da disgeusia, trata-se de importante sintoma inicial preditivo da doença.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with olfactory dysfunction in the scenario of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study selected patients with loss of smell, previously screened by telemonitoring system of the Municipal Health Department of Goiânia (GO), Brazil, who agreed to answer a questionnaire about COVID-19 symptoms and findings of exams. The interviews were conducted by six otolaryngologists, who applied the specific questionnaire, over the phone. Results A total of 13,910 patients underwent telemonitoring, and 627 (4.51%) had olfactory loss complaints. Out of them, 330 were included in the survey. We observed a higher prevalence of altered smell in women (67%), and in patients aged under 50 years (86%). In most cases the manifestations had a sudden onset (70%), and in the first 5 days of illness (80%). The most prevalent associated symptom was a change in taste (89%), and only 2.7% of interviewed patients required hospitalization. Conclusion Anosmia in COVID-19 is more prevalent in females and individuals aged under 50 years. It is a relevant initial symptom predictive of the disease, together with dysgeusia.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Retrospective clinical evaluation of 31 patients who underwent ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow and subcutaneous anterior transposition. Methods: From January 2000 to December 2013, 71 patients underwent subcutaneous anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve. Thirty-one patients returned for evaluation. The mean follow-up period was 60 months. Patients were evaluated for the degree of satisfaction after surgery, paresthesia, pain, Tinel sign, Froment test and sensitivity test by esthesiometer, muscle strength of the intrinsic muscles and deep flexor of the fifth digit, visual analogic pain scale (VAS) and were subjected to the QuickDash questionnaire. Results: Thirty-nine per cent of patients had compression on the right side and 61% on the left side. Sixty-one percent were idiopathic, 35% post traumatic and 3% had Poems syndrome. Forty-eight per cent of patients were very much satisfied after surgery and 52% were satisfied. Forty-eight per cent had paresthesia after surgery and 52% did not. Conclusion: The ulnar neurolysis of the cubital tunnel with anterior subcutaneous transposition is a safe and effective technique for treating idiopathic or post-traumatic compressive neuropathy, with high success rate and excellent function for activities of daily living. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the outcome of olecranon bone graft and compression screw for the treatment of nonunion of the Lichtman type I scaphoid. Method: We evaluated 15 patients of 32 who underwent surgical treatment for nonunion of the Lichtman type I scaphoid with olecranon bone graft and screw compression. Results: We obtained 100% consolidation in our sample. The mean flexion of the wrist on the affected side was 68° and 75° on the non-affected side. The average extension was 63° and 72°, respectively. The average grip strength was 35 kgf. This corresponds to 98% of the handgrip strength of the non-affected side, which was 37 kgf. The DASH score averaged 5 points. Conclusion: We believe that the use of bone graft obtained from the olecranon and secured with cannulated screw is a resolute technique for cases of linear nonunion of the Lichtmann type I scaphoid. It has the advantages of a new anesthesia for removal of the graft and the access is easy, providing a good exposure for removal and good aesthetic results. Level of evidence IV. Case series.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro, a influência da vibração sônica e ultrassônica no selamento marginal proporcionado pelo MTA. Trinta e quatro dentes humanos tiveram seus canais radiculares instrumentados e obturados com cimento Sealapex® pela técnica da condensação lateral ativa. Os dentes foram impermeabilizados e seccionados os 3 mm apicais. Retrocavidades (3 mm de profundidade e 1,4 mm de diâmetro) foram preparadas com pontas ultrassônicas diamantadas. As retrocavidades foram preenchidas com Pro-Root MTA® com auxílio da vibração ultrassônica, com auxílio da vibração sônica e sem vibração alguma. O grupo controle positivo não recebeu material retrobturador, enquanto que o negativo foi totalmente impermeabilizado. Após a presa do material, os espécimes foram mergulhados em Rodamina B por 15 min em vácuo, permanecendo nesta solução por mais 24 h. Em seguida, foram lavados, secados e clivados longitudinalmente para avaliação da infiltração do corante na interface dentina/material retrobturador. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a análise de variância e o teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Observou-se que apenas a vibração sônica foi diferente apresentando os menores índices de infiltração. Pode-se concluir que vibração sônica contribui com a melhora da capacidade de selamento marginal proporcionado pelo MTA quando empregado como material retrobturador.

Despite the excellent properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), the condensation technique may have some influence in its sealing ability. The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability of sonic and ultrasonic setting of MTA. Thirty-four extracted human teeth had their canals prepared and filled with Sealapex sealer and gutta-percha using the active lateral condensation technique. The teeth were rendered waterproof and apicoectomy performed at 3 mm from the apex. Root-end cavities (3.0 mm deep and 1.4 mm diameter) were prepared with diamond ultrasonic tips. The root-end cavities were filled with Pro-Root MTA® with ultrasonic vibration, sonic vibration or no vibration. The positive control group did not receive any material while the negative control group was totally rendered waterproof. After material set, the specimens were immersed in Rodhamine B for 24 h, under vacuum in the first 15 min, then washed, dried and split longitudinally for evaluating the infiltration at the dentin/material interface. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance level. Sonic vibration promoted the lowest infiltration values (p<0.05). It was concluded that sonic vibration could be considered an efficient aid to improve the sealing ability of MTA when used as root-end filling material.

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento endodôntico é de fundamental importância para abolir a infecção presente em dentes que apresentam necrose pulpar. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar clínica e radiograficamente a eficácia dos tratamentos de canais radiculares de dentes com lesão periapical crônica, efetuados pelos graduandos em Odontologia, da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba - UNESP. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram selecionados 100 pacientes que possuíam dentes com lesão periapical crônica para serem tratados. Após o preparo biomecânico, os canais radiculares receberam uma medicação intracanal de hidróxido de cálcio durante o período de 14 dias. Os canais radiculares foram obturados com cimento endodôntico à base de hidróxido de cálcio. Foi realizada a proservação por um período entre oito e 11 meses. RESULTADO: A análise dos resultados permitiu constatar a porcentagem de 78,46% dos casos com reparo total da lesão periapical e de 21,54% dos casos em que não houve evidências de reparo. CONCLUSÃO: Ocorreu reparo das lesões periapicais nos dentes tratados pelos graduandos da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba - UNESP.

INTRODUCTION: Root canal treatment plays a fundamental role in abolishing infections in teeth showing pulp necrosis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic efficacy of root canal treatment for teeth with chronic periapical lesions, which was performed by students of Undergraduate Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Campus Araçatuba - UNESP. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We selected 100 patients who had teeth with chronic periapical lesions. After biomechanical preparation, the root canal receiving of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing during the 14 days. The root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealer. Follow-up examinations were performed for at least 8 months. RESULT: An analysis of the results showed total repair in 78.46% of the cases and no evidence of repair in 21.54% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Repair occurred in the teeth with chronic periapical lesions treated by students of Undergraduate Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Campus Araçatuba - UNESP.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical sealability of Fillapex®, endo-CPM-Sealer® and Sealapex®. Material and Methods: Ninety-four freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were selected and decoronated. All teeth were radiographed to confirm the existence of a single and straight root canal, which was prepared using Protaper Universal and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were randomly divided in groups of 10 specimens each according to the sealer, and the canals were filled using the single cone technique and one of the sealers. Four additional teeth were used as controls. The teeth were submitted to dye leakage with Rhodamine B for 24 h but using vacuum on the initial 15 min. Thereafter, they were cut longitudinally and the leakage was measured in a linear fashion from apex to crown. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance level. Results: Fillapex® and Sealapex® showed significantly less dye leakage than endo-CPM-Sealer® (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that Fillapex® and Sealapex® were able to prevent apical dye leakage differently from endo-CPM-Sealer®.

The aim of this study was to evaluate two root canal filling techniques used in teeth that had their apical foramen disrupted and compare the apical infiltration with an ideal clinical situation. Twenty-seven freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were selected and radiographed to confirm the existence of a single and straight root canal. The crowns were removed at a mean distance of 11 mm from the apex. The teeth had the root canals instrumented and were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=9): ND group - root canals were filled using the lateral compaction technique and no disruption was performed; DRF group - the apical constriction was disrupted by advancing a #40 K-file 1 mm beyond the original working length, the canals were reinstrumented to create an apical ledge at 1 mm from the apical foramen and were obturated with a master gutta-percha cone with same size as the last file used for reinstrumentation; DF group - the teeth had the apical constriction disrupted and the canals were obturated with a master gutta-percha cone that fit at 1 mm from the apex. The teeth were submitted to dye leakage test with Rhodamine B for 7 days, using vaccum on the initial 5 min. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the leakage was measured in a linear fashion from apex to crown. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the groups that had the apical foramen disrupted (DF, DRF), but significant difference was found between the disrupted groups and the non-disrupted one (p<0.01). In conclusion, none of the evaluated techniques was able to prevent apical infiltration, so working length so the working length determination has to be established and maintained carefully.

O presente estudo in vivo comparou os efeitos do agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA), IRM, Super EBA e OZE na consistência de massa de vidraceiro, usados como material para obturação retrógrada, no processo de reparo dos tecidos periapicais de dentes despulpados de cães submetidos à técnica de retrobturação convencional. Vinte e quatro pré-molares obtidos de três cães foram usados. Na primeira intervenção, os animais foram anestesiados, e a abertura coronária e a pulpectomia foram realizadas. Os canais radiculares foram mantidos abertos ao meio oral por 180 dias para induzir a formação de lesão periapical. Após a remoção cirúrgica das lesões com curetas, 2 mm apicais da raiz foram seccionados perpendicularmente ao longo eixo do dente e uma cavidade apical foi preparada com broca esférica em baixa-rotação. As cavidades ósseas foram irrigadas e secas, e as cavidades apicais obturadas com MTA, IRM, Super EBA e OZE na consistência de massa de vidraceiro. As cavidades ósseas foram passivamente preenchidas com sangue e os retalhos suturados. As aberturas coronárias foram limpas e seladas duplamente com OZE e amálgama. Após 180 dias, os animais foram sacrificados por super-dosagem de anestésico, a maxila e a mandíbula foram removidas e as peças processadas para análise histomorfológica. Os dados foram avaliados cegamente com base nos vários eventos histomorfológicos e os escores obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente usando o teste Kruskal Wallis. Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi observada entre MTA, Super EBA e IRM (p>0,005). Entretanto, o OZE teve influência negativa significantemente maior no reparo apical (p<0,005). Estes resultados indicam que MTA, Super EBA e IRM tiveram efeitos histopatológicos similares entre eles e melhor performance que o OZE utilizado na consistência de massa de vidraceiro. Além disso, somente o MTA estimulou a deposição de tecido duro em contato direto com o material retrobturador, mesmo quando inserido sob condições críticas.

This in vivo study compared the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), IRM, Super EBA and ZOE in a puttylike consistency, used as retrofilling materials, in the healing process of periapical tissue of pulpless dogs' teeth submitted to a conventional retrofilling technique. Twenty-four premolars obtained from three dogs were used. At the first intervention, the animals were anesthetized, coronal access was obtained and pulpectomy was done. Root canals were kept open to the oral environment for 180 days to induce the formation of apical lesions. After surgical removal of the lesions with curettes, 2 mm of the apical root was cut out perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth, and root-end cavities were shaped with a low-speed round bur. The bone cavities were irrigated and dried, and the root-end cavities were filled with MTA, IRM, Super EBA and ZOE in a puttylike consistency. The bone cavities were passively filled with blood and flaps were sutured. The coronal access openings were cleaned and double-sealed with ZOE and amalgam. After 180 days, the animals were killed by anesthetic overdose, maxilla and mandible were removed and the pieces were processed for histomorphologic analysis. Data were evaluated blindly on the basis of several histopathologic events and the scores obtained were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal Wallis test. No significant differences were observed among MTA, Super EBA and IRM (p>0.05). However, ZOE had a significantly more negative influence on the apical healing (p<0.05). In conclusion, MTA, Super EBA and IRM had similar histopathologic effects among each other and better performance than ZOE used in a puttylike consistency. Furthermore, only MTA stimulated hard tissue deposition in direct contact with the retrofilling material, even when it was inserted under critical conditions.

Este trabalho usa dados de lagartas da borboleta neotropical Hypothyris ninonia daeta (Bdv.) (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) para demonstrar que medidas do comprimento do corpo podem ser empregadas como índice acurado do peso em estudos de crescimento larval. Também determina analiticamente o intervalo de tempo entre medições consecutivas para manter em níveis aceitáveis as chances de sobreposição nas estimativas (i.e., as chances de que lagartas de comprimentos diferentes tenham o mesmo peso). Os resultados mostram que o estudo do crescimento de insetos imaturos não é necessariamente um empreendimento restrito ao laboratório. Esse enfoque pode ser particularmente útil para estimar a taxa de crescimento de imaturos no campo, quando medidas mais acuradas não são possíveis ou mesmo desejáveis de se obter.

This work utilizes data for caterpillars of the Neotropical butterfly Hypothyris ninonia daeta (Bdv.) (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) to demonstrate that body length measurements can be used as an accurate index of weight in larval growth studies. It also determines analytically the time interval that must be maintained between consecutive measurements in order to keep within acceptable levels the chances of overlap in estimates (i.e., the chances that caterpillars of different lengths have the same weight). These results show that studying the growth of immature insects is not necessarily an exclusive laboratory enterprise. This approach may be particularly useful to estimate immature growth rate in the field, when more accurate measures are not possible or even desirable to obtain.