Abstract Objectives: To review and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of otosclerosis. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on otosclerosis were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians’ guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association’s guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The topics were divided into 2 parts: 1) Diagnosis – audiologic and radiologic; 2) Treatment – hearing AIDS, pharmacological therapy, stapes surgery, and implantable devices - bone-anchored devices, active middle ear implants, and Cochlear Implants (CI). Conclusions: The pathophysiology of otosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated, but environmental factors and unidentified genes are likely to play a significant role in it. Women with otosclerosis are not at increased risk of worsening clinical condition due to the use of contraceptives or during pregnancy. Drug treatment has shown little benefit. If the patient does not want to undergo stapedotomy, the use of hearing aids is well indicated. Implantable systems should be indicated only in rare cases, and the CI should be indicated in cases of profound deafness.

Objectives: To re-evaluate a sample of older adults enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of lithium for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after 11 to 15 years, re-assessing their current (or last available) global cognitive and functional state. Methods: We recalled all former participants of the Lithium-MCI trial conducted by our group between 2009 and 2012 to perform a single-blinded, cross-sectional evaluation of their global clinical state to compare the long-term outcome of those who received lithium vs. those who received placebo. Results: Of the original sample (n=61), we were able to reach 36 participants (59% of retention), of whom 22 had previously received lithium (61% of the recall sample) and 14 (39%) had received placebo. Since 30.5% of the recalled sample was deceased, psychometric data were collected only for 69.5% of the participants. We found statistically significant differences in current mean Mini Mental State Examination score according to previous treatment group (25.5 [SD, 5.3] vs. 18.3 [SD, 10.9], p = 0.04). The lithium group also had better performance in the phonemic Verbal Fluency Test than the control group (34.4 [SD, 14.4] vs. 11.6 [SD, 10.10], p < 0.001). Differences in these measures also had large effect sizes, as shown by Cohen’s d values of 0.92 and 1.78, respectively. Conclusion: This data set suggests that older adults with amnestic MCI who had been treated with lithium during a previous randomized controlled trial had a better long-term global cognitive outcome than those from a matched sample who did not receive the intervention.

Abstract Objectives: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0–18 years. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians’ guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association’s guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The topics were divided into 2 parts: (1) treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: individual hearing aids, bilateral cochlear implants, cochlear implants in young children, unilateral hearing loss, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder; and (2) treatment of conductive/mixed hearing loss: external/middle ear malformations, ventilation tube insertion, and tympanoplasty in children. Conclusions: In children with hearing loss, in addition to speech therapy, Hearing AIDS (HAs) or implantable systems may be indicated. Even in children with profound hearing loss, both the use of HAs and behavioral assessments while using the device are important.

Abstract Objectives: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians’ guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association’s guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The evaluation and diagnosis of hearing loss: universal newborn hearing screening, laboratory testing, congenital infections (especially cytomegalovirus), genetic testing and main syndromes, radiologic imaging studies, vestibular assessment of children with hearing loss, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and noise-induced hearing loss. Conclusions: Every child with suspected hearing loss has the right to diagnosis and appropriate treatment if necessary. This task force considers 5 essential rights: (1) Otolaryngologist consultation; (2) Speech assessment and therapy; (3) Diagnostic tests; (4) Treatment; (5) Ophthalmologist consultation.

ABSTRACT Objective: to demonstrate the applicability of the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis tool to analyze, preventively, the risks related to the process of insertion, maintenance, and removal of peripheral intravenous catheters. Method: theoretical study, conducted from August to November 2022, in São Paulo-SP, Brazil, whose process was mapped in stages/activities, detailing the failure modes, using the tool. The Risk Priority Number was calculated, the severity and probability matrix was elaborated, adapted to health by DeRosier and collaborators, and actions were proposed to reduce failure modes. Results: The major risks identified were: “perform antisepsis of the area to be punctured with an alcohol swab” and “disinfect the connector with an alcohol swab”, and were recommended training and use of kit materials as the main mitigation strategies. Conclusion: knowing the risks associated with peripheral intravenous catheters is the basis for the implementation of preventive strategies, minimizing the occurrence of damage and the associated healthcare costs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: demostrar la aplicabilidad de la herramienta Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis para analizar, de forma preventiva, los riesgos relacionados con el proceso de inserción, mantenimiento y retirada de catéteres intravenosos periféricos. Método: estudio teórico, realizado de agosto a noviembre de 2022, en São Paulo-SP, Brasil, cuyo proceso fue mapeado en etapas/actividades, detallando los modos de falla, utilizando la herramienta. Se calculó el Número de Prioridad de Riesgo, se elaboró la matriz de severidad y probabilidad, adaptada a la salud por DeRosier y colaboradores, y se propusieron acciones para reducir los modos de falla. Resultados: Los principales riesgos identificados fueron: “realizar la antisepsia de la zona a puncionar con un bastoncillo con alcohol” y “desinfectar el conector con un bastoncillo con alcohol”, recomendándose como principales estrategias de mitigación la formación y el uso de kits de materiales. Conclusión: Conocer los riesgos asociados al catéter intravenoso periférico sienta las bases para la aplicación de estrategias preventivas, minimizando la aparición de daños y los costes sanitarios derivados de los mismos.

RESUMO Objetivo: demonstrar a aplicabilidade da ferramenta Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis para analisar, preventivamente, os riscos relativos ao processo de inserção, manutenção e retirada de cateter intravenoso periférico. Método: estudo teórico, realizado de agosto a novembro de 2022, em São Paulo-SP, Brasil, cujo processo foi mapeado em etapas/atividades, detalhando-se os modos de falha, com o uso da ferramenta. Calculou-se o Risk Priority Number, elaborou-se a matriz de severidade e probabilidade, adaptada à saúde por DeRosier e colaboradores, e propuseram-se as ações para reduzir os modos de falha. Resultados: identificaram-se como maiores riscos: “realizar antissepsia da área a ser puncionada com swab de álcool” e “desinfecção do conector com swab de álcool” sendo recomendados treinamentos e uso de kit de materiais como principais estratégias de mitigação. Conclusão: conhecer os riscos associados ao cateter intravenoso periférico, fundamenta a implementação de estratégias preventivas, minimizando a ocorrência de danos e os custos assistenciais deles decorrentes.

Abstract Objective: To review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on vestibular schwannoma were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians’ guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association’s guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The topics were divided into 2 parts: (1) Diagnosis – audiologic, electrophysiologic tests, and imaging; (2) Treatment – wait and scan protocols, surgery, radiosurgery/radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. Conclusions: Decision making in VS treatment has become more challenging. MRI can diagnose increasingly smaller tumors, which has disastrous consequences for the patients and their families. It is important to develop an individualized approach for each case, which highly depends on the experience of each surgical team.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In-hospital cardiac arrest is a critical medical emergency. Knowledge of prognostic factors could assist in cardiopulmonary resuscitation decision-making. Frailty and functional status are emerging risk factors and may play a role in prognostication. The objective was to evaluate the association between reduced mobility and in-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients over 18 years of age with in-hospital cardiac arrest in Botucatu, Brazil, from April 2018 to December 2021. Exclusion criteria were patients with a do-not-resuscitate order or patients with recurrent in-hospital cardiac arrest. Reduced mobility was defined as the need for a bed bath 48 h before in-hospital cardiac arrest. The outcomes of no return of spontaneous circulation and in-hospital mortality were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 387 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 65.4±14.8 years; 53.7% were males and 75.4% had reduced mobility. Among the evaluated outcomes, the no return of spontaneous circulation rate was 57.1%, and in-hospital mortality was 94.3%. In multivariate analysis, reduced mobility was associated with no return of spontaneous circulation when adjusted by age, gender, initial shockable rhythm, duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and epinephrine administration. However, in multiple logistic regression, there was no association between reduced mobility and in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: In patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest, reduced mobility is associated with no return of spontaneous circulation. However, there is no relation to in-hospital mortality.

ABSTRACT Solutions for harmonic problems in electrical distribution networks have been frequently discussed in the recent literature. This article evaluates the use of Arduino microcontroller system connected with the power grid to reduce harmonic distortions and power factor correction. For this, it was developed a system capable of distinguishing the harmonic components of up to 13th order in a single-phase electrical system (phase-neutral) taking readings of voltage and electric current using an Arduino Due board based on a 32-bit ARM core microcontroller. We seek to analyze and propose corrections for harmonic distortions into small frames by implementing a parallel active filter to be used in harmonic elimination, as well as reactive compensation and load current balancing. The results demonstrated that a control strategy was achieved without requiring a long time in the data analysis or delay time in measurement and corrections.

RESUMEN Las soluciones para los problemas de armónicos en las redes de distribución eléctrica se han discutido con frecuencia en la literatura reciente. Este artículo evalúa el uso del sistema de microcontrolador Arduino conectado a la red eléctrica para reducir las distorsiones armónicas y la corrección del factor de potencia. Para ello, se desarrolló un sistema capaz de distinguir los componentes armónicos de hasta 13o orden en un sistema eléctrico monofásico (fase-neutro) tomando lecturas de voltaje y corriente eléctrica utilizando una placa Arduino Due basada en un ARM de 32 bits. microcontrolador central. Buscamos analizar y proponer correcciones para distorsiones armónicas en pequeños marcos implementando un filtro activo paralelo para ser utilizado en eliminación de armónicos, así como compensación reactiva y balanceo de corriente de carga. Los resultados demostraron que se logró una estrategia de control sin requerir mucho tiempo en el análisis de datos ni retrasos en la medición y correcciones.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as causas e os motivos associados à ocorrência de flebite na Unidade de Internação Clínica de um hospital geral, que é de grande porte e privado. Método Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratório-descritiva, retrospectiva e documental, realizada a partir da consulta aos formulários eletrônicos de notificação da ocorrência de flebite referentes ao ano de 2017. Resultados Foram notificadas 107 flebites relativas a 96 pacientes, a maioria (91,7%) com uma flebite, do sexo masculino (53,1%), na faixa etária de 60-69 anos (23,0%) e com tempo de permanência inferior a quatro dias (30,2%). A maioria (68,2%) das notificações foi realizada por enfermeiros, tendo predominado a ocorrência de flebite nos dispositivos com tempo inferior a 24 h (38,3%), a classificação flebite grau 2 (45,8%), a infusão de antibióticos (46,7%), a localização do leito distante do posto de enfermagem (52,3%) e a presença de acompanhante (82,2%). A classificação de danos indicou que 93,5% dos pacientes sofreram danos leves, 4,7%, danos moderados e 1,9% não sofreram danos. Conclusão Conhecer as causas e os motivos associados à ocorrência de flebite poderá subsidiar os processos decisórios, gerencial e assistencial, quanto aos investimentos em estratégias preventivas ou de mitigação de riscos.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the causes and reasons associated with the occurrence of phlebitis in a Inpatient Medical Unit in a large and private general hospital. Method Quantitative, exploratory-descriptive, retrospective and documentary research, carried out by consulting the electronic forms of notification of the occurrence of phlebitis in 2017. Results A total of 107 phlebitis related to 96 patients were reported, most of them (91.7%) with phlebitis, being male (53.1%), aged 60-69 years old (23.0%) and with a hospital stay of less than four days (30.2%). Most (68.2%) of the notifications were made by nurses, with the occurrence of phlebitis predominating in devices with less than 24h (38.3%); with the classification of phlebitis grade 2 (45.8%); with antibiotics infusion (46.7%); with the location of the bed far from the nursing station (52.3%); and with the presence of a companion (82.2%). The damage classification indicated that 93.5% of the patients suffered mild damage, 4.7% moderate damage and 1.9% did not suffer any damage. Conclusion Knowing the causes and reasons associated with the occurrence of phlebitis can support decision-making, management and care processes regarding investments in preventive or risk mitigation strategies.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las causas y los motivos asociados a la aparición de flebitis en la Unidad de Hospitalización Clínica de un hospital general privado y de gran envergadura. Método Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, exploratoria descriptiva, retrospectiva y documental, realizada mediante la consulta de formularios electrónicos de notificación del acaecimiento de flebitis en 2017. Resultados Se reportaron 107 flebitis relativas a 96 pacientes, la mayoría de ellos (91,7%) con una flebitis, del sexo masculino (53,1%), en el grupo de edad de 60-69 años (23,0%) y con estancia inferior a cuatro días (30,2%). El personal de enfermería realizó la mayoría de las notificaciones (68,2%), con predominio de aparición de flebitis en los dispositivos con tiempo inferior a 24h (38,3%), la clasificación de la flebitis en grado 2 (45,8%), la infusión de antibióticos (46,7%), la ubicación de la cama lejos del puesto de enfermería (52,3%) y la presencia de un acompañante (82,2%). La clasificación de los daños indicó que el 93,5% de los pacientes sufría daños leves, el 4,7%, daños moderados y el 1,9% no había sufrido daños. Conclusión Conocer las causas y los motivos asociados a la aparición de flebitis puede subsidiar los procesos decisorios, gerenciales y asistenciales, en relación con las inversiones en estrategias preventivas o de mitigación de riesgos.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concentração da peptidilarginina deiminase 4 (PAD4) e os polimorfismos de PADI4, como preditores de desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda, necessidade de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e mortalidade em pacientes com choque séptico. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos indivíduos com idade ≥18 anos, com diagnóstico de choque séptico na admissão na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nas primeiras 24 horas após a admissão do paciente para determinar a concentração sérica de PAD4 e seus polimorfismos PADI4 (rs11203367) e (rs874881). Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante a internação na UTI e tiveram avaliados desenvolvimento da lesão renal aguda séptica (Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury - Saki), necessidade TRS e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 99 pacientes; 51,5% desenvolveram Saki e, desses, 21,5% necessitaram de TRS e 80% morreram na UTI. Não houve diferença entre a concentração de PAD4 (p=0,116) e seus polimorfismos rs11203367 (p=0,910) e rs874881 (p=0,769) entre os pacientes. No entanto, o PAD4 apresentou correlação positiva com a concentração plasmática de ureia (r=0,269; p=0,007) e creatinina (r=0,284; p=0,004). A concentração de PAD4 e os polimorfismos da PADI4 também não foram associados à TRS e à mortalidade em pacientes com Saki. CONCLUSÕES: A concentração de PAD4 e seus polimorfismos não foram associados ao desenvolvimento de Saki, à necessidade de TRS ou à mortalidade em pacientes com choque séptico. No entanto, as concentrações de PAD4 foram associadas às concentrações de creatinina e ureia nesses pacientes.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD 4) concentration and PADI4 polymorphisms as predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) development, the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), and mortality in patients with septic shock. METHODS: We included all individuals aged ≥ 18 years, with a diagnosis of septic shock at ICU admission. Blood samples were taken within the first 24 hours of the patient's admission to determine serum PAD4 concentration and its PADI4 polymorphism (rs11203367) and (rs874881). Patients were monitored during their ICU stay and the development of SAKI was evaluated. Among the patients in whom SAKI developed, mortality and the need for RRT were also evaluated. RESULTS: There were 99 patients, 51.5% of whom developed SAKI and of these, 21.5% needed RRT and 80% died in the ICU. There was no difference between PAD4 concentration (p = 0.116) and its polymorphisms rs11203367 (p = 0.910) and rs874881 (p = 0.769) in patients in whom SAKI did or did not develop. However, PAD4 had a positive correlation with plasma urea concentration (r = 0.269 and p = 0.007) and creatinine (r = 0.284 and p = 0.004). The PAD4 concentration and PADI4 polymorphisms were also not associated with RRT and with mortality in patients with SAKI. CONCLUSION: PAD4 concentration and its polymorphisms were not associated with SAKI development, the need for RRT, or mortality in patients with septic shock. However, PAD4 concentrations were associated with creatinine and urea levels in these patients.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the average direct cost of the procedures performed for phlebitis treatment in patients in an Inpatient Unit and estimate the costs of the procedures performed to treat phlebitis in this unit. Method: A quantitative, exploratory-descriptive, single-case study. Initially, records of the procedures performed for phlebitis management were identified. Then, the cost was calculated by multiplying the execution time (timed using a chronometer) spent by nursing technicians by the unit cost of direct labor, added to the cost of materials in 2017. Results: 107 phlebitis referring to 96 patients were reported. To treat the different grades of phlebitis, three procedures were carried out “application of ointment of chamomile flower extract”; “Compress application”; “Peripheral venous access installation”. “Peripheral venous access installation with Íntima® catheter” corresponded to the most expensive procedure (US$ 8.90-SD=0.06). Considering the record of the execution of 656 (100%) procedures, the total average direct cost estimate corresponded to US$ 866.18/year. Conclusion: Knowledge about the costs of procedures can support decision making that increase allocation efficiency of consumed resources.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el costo directo promedio de los procedimientos realizados para el tratamiento del evento adverso de flebitis en pacientes de una Unidad de Hospitalización Clínica y estimar el costo de los procedimientos realizados para el tratamiento de flebitis en esta unidad. Método: Cuantitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, tipo de estudio de caso único. Inicialmente, en 2017, se identificaron los registros de los procedimientos realizados para el tratamiento de la flebitis. Luego, el costo se calculó multiplicando el tiempo (cronometrado) gastado por los técnicos de enfermería por el costo unitario de la mano de obra directa, agregándolo al costo de los materiales. Resultados: Se informaron 107 flebitis referidas a 96 pacientes. En el tratamiento de los diferentes grados de flebitis, se llevaron a cabo tres procedimientos: “aplicación de ungüento de extracto de flor de manzanilla”; “Aplicación de compresas”; “Instalación de acceso venoso periférico”. La “instalación de acceso venoso periférico con un catéter Íntima®” correspondió al procedimiento más costoso (US$ 8.90-SD=0.06). Considerando el registro de la ejecución de 656 (100%) procedimientos, la estimación del costo directo promedio total correspondió a US$ 866.18/año. Conclusión: El conocimiento sobre los costos de los procedimientos puede respaldar la toma de decisiones que aumenta la asignación eficiente de los recursos consumidos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o custo direto médio dos procedimentos realizados para o tratamento do evento adverso flebite em pacientes de uma Unidade de Internação Clínica e estimar o custo dos procedimentos realizados para o tratamento das flebites nesta unidade. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratório-descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso único. Inicialmente, identificaram-se os registros dos procedimentos realizados para o manejo das flebites em 2017. Em seguida, o custo foi calculado multiplicando o tempo (cronometrado) despendido por técnicos de enfermagem pelo custo unitário da mão de obra direta, somando-o ao custo dos materiais. Resultados: Foram notificadas 107 flebites referentes a 96 pacientes. No tratamento dos diferentes graus de flebite, realizaram-se três procedimentos “aplicação de pomada de extrato de flor de camomila”; “aplicação de compressas”; “instalação de acesso venoso periférico”. A “instalação de acesso venoso periférico com cateter Íntima®” correspondeu ao procedimento mais oneroso (US$ 8,90-DP=0,06). Considerando o registro da execução de 656 (100%) procedimentos, a estimativa do custo direto médio total correspondeu a US$ 866,18/ano. Conclusão: O conhecimento sobre os custos dos procedimentos pode subsidiar tomadas de decisão que incrementem a alocação eficiente dos recursos consumidos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o custo direto médio dos procedimentos realizados para o tratamento do evento adverso flebite em pacientes de uma Unidade de Internação Clínica e estimar o custo dos procedimentos realizados para o tratamento das flebites nesta unidade. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratório-descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso único. Inicialmente, identificaram-se os registros dos procedimentos realizados para o manejo das flebites em 2017. Em seguida, o custo foi calculado multiplicando o tempo (cronometrado) despendido por técnicos de enfermagem pelo custo unitário da mão de obra direta, somando-o ao custo dos materiais. Resultados: Foram notificadas 107 flebites referentes a 96 pacientes. No tratamento dos diferentes graus de flebite, realizaram-se três procedimentos “aplicação de pomada de extrato de flor de camomila”; “aplicação de compressas”; “instalação de acesso venoso periférico”. A “instalação de acesso venoso periférico com cateter Íntima®” correspondeu ao procedimento mais oneroso (US$ 8,90-DP=0,06). Considerando o registro da execução de 656 (100%) procedimentos, a estimativa do custo direto médio total correspondeu a US$ 866,18/ano. Conclusão: O conhecimento sobre os custos dos procedimentos pode subsidiar tomadas de decisão que incrementem a alocação eficiente dos recursos consumidos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the average direct cost of the procedures performed for phlebitis treatment in patients in an Inpatient Unit and estimate the costs of the procedures performed to treat phlebitis in this unit. Method: A quantitative, exploratory-descriptive, single-case study. Initially, records of the procedures performed for phlebitis management were identified. Then, the cost was calculated by multiplying the execution time (timed using a chronometer) spent by nursing technicians by the unit cost of direct labor, added to the cost of materials in 2017. Results: 107 phlebitis referring to 96 patients were reported. To treat the different grades of phlebitis, three procedures were carried out “application of ointment of chamomile flower extract”; “Compress application”; “Peripheral venous access installation”. “Peripheral venous access installation with Íntima® catheter” corresponded to the most expensive procedure (US$ 8.90-SD=0.06). Considering the record of the execution of 656 (100%) procedures, the total average direct cost estimate corresponded to US$ 866.18/year. Conclusion: Knowledge about the costs of procedures can support decision making that increase allocation efficiency of consumed resources.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el costo directo promedio de los procedimientos realizados para el tratamiento del evento adverso de flebitis en pacientes de una Unidad de Hospitalización Clínica y estimar el costo de los procedimientos realizados para el tratamiento de flebitis en esta unidad. Método: Cuantitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, tipo de estudio de caso único. Inicialmente, en 2017, se identificaron los registros de los procedimientos realizados para el tratamiento de la flebitis. Luego, el costo se calculó multiplicando el tiempo (cronometrado) gastado por los técnicos de enfermería por el costo unitario de la mano de obra directa, agregándolo al costo de los materiales. Resultados: Se informaron 107 flebitis referidas a 96 pacientes. En el tratamiento de los diferentes grados de flebitis, se llevaron a cabo tres procedimientos: “aplicación de ungüento de extracto de flor de manzanilla”; “Aplicación de compresas”; “Instalación de acceso venoso periférico”. La “instalación de acceso venoso periférico con un catéter Íntima®” correspondió al procedimiento más costoso (US$ 8.90-SD=0.06). Considerando el registro de la ejecución de 656 (100%) procedimientos, la estimación del costo directo promedio total correspondió a US$ 866.18/año. Conclusión: El conocimiento sobre los costos de los procedimientos puede respaldar la toma de decisiones que aumenta la asignación eficiente de los recursos consumidos.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a performance do escore de risco de Framingham (ERF) e do escore proposto pela American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ER ACC/AHA) em predizer a mortalidade em pacientes dez anos após síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA). MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo que incluiu pacientes com idade ≥18 anos, com SCA, que estiveram internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Coronariana (UTI) do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006. RESULTADOS Foram avaliados 447 pacientes. Destes, 118 foram excluídos, pois a mortalidade em dez anos não foi obtida. Logo, 329 pacientes com idade de 62,9±13,0 anos foram estudados. Dentre eles, 58,4% eram homens e 44,4% morreram no período de dez anos após a internação. A mediana do ERF foi de 16 (14-18)%, e do ER ACC/AHA foi 18,5 (9,1-31,6)%. Os pacientes que evoluíram a óbito apresentaram maiores valores dos escores. No entanto, quando classificamos os pacientes em alto risco cardiovascular, apenas o ER ACC/AHA foi associado com a mortalidade (p<0,001). Na análise de regressão logística, ambos os escores foram associados com a mortalidade em dez anos (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES Tanto o ERF quanto o ER ACC/AHA foram associados com a mortalidade. No entanto, para os pacientes classificados como alto risco, apenas o ER ACC/AHA foi associado com a mortalidade em dez anos.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Framingham risk score (FRS) and risk score by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (SR ACC/AHA) in predicting mortality of patients ten years after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study that included patients aged ≥ 18 years with ACS who were hospitalized at the Coronary Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Botucatu Medical School Hospital from January 2005 to December of 2006. RESULTS A total of 447 patients were evaluated. Of these, 118 were excluded because the mortality in 10 years was not obtained. Thus, 329 patients aged 62.9 ± 13.0 years were studied. Among them, 58.4% were men, and 44.4% died within ten years of hospitalization. The median FRS was 16 (14-18) %, and the ACC/AHA RS was 18.5 (9.1-31.6). Patients who died had higher values of both scores. However, when we classified patients at high cardiovascular risk, only the ACC/AHA RS was associated with mortality (p <0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, both scores were associated with mortality at ten years (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both FRS and SR ACC/AHA were associated with mortality. However, for patients classified as high risk, only the ACC/AHA RS was associated with mortality within ten years.

RESUMO Racional: As operações abdominais podem alterar a função respiratória e aumentar a morbimortalidade dos operados com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Objetivo: Avaliar que técnica fisioterapêutica apresenta melhor efeito na força muscular inspiratória dos pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica no preparo pré-operatório em operações abdominais. Método: Estudo retrospectivo e documental usando o SINPE©, software de banco de dados clínicos de pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e candidatos a operações abdominais. A amostra foi composta de 100 homens com idade entre 55-70 anos, todos com DPOC com indicação para operação abdominal e que realizaram tratamento fisioterapêutico pré-operatório. Foram divididos em dois grupos de 50 indivíduos (grupo A e grupo B). No grupo A o tratamento realizado para a desobstrução brônquica foi com técnicas modernas e para fortalecimento dos músculos respiratórios foi realizado o Threshold IMT®. No grupo B o tratamento realizado para desobstrução brônquica foi com técnicas tradicionais e para fortalecimento dos músculos respiratórios foi realizado incentivador a fluxo Respiron®. Resultados: Ambos os grupos obtiveram melhora dos valores da PiMáx (Pressão inspiratória Máxima) após o tratamento com abordagens diferentes com melhora também nos intervalos da PiMáx. O grupo A obteve maior mudança nos intervalos e aumento mais significativo dos valores da PiMáx em relação à média pré e pós tratamento. Porém, ao analisar a variância e o desvio-padrão das amostras, o grupo B apresentou melhor distribuição que o grupo A mostrando que seus resultados na amostra foram mais homogêneos. Conclusões: As técnicas modernas e tradicionais de desobstrução brônquica associadas ao treinamento muscular inspiratório mostraram-se igualmente eficazes no ganho de força dos músculos inspiratórios com aumento da PiMáx. Dessa forma as duas podem ser utilizadas no preparo pré-operatório de pacientes com DPOC e encaminhados para operações abdominais.

ABSTRACT Background: Abdominal disorders can alter respiratory function and increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aim: To improve the physiotherapeutic and muscular capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary muscular inspiration in the preoperative preparation in abdominal surgeries. Method: Retrospective and documentary study using SINPE © , clinical database software of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and candidates to abdominal operation. The sample consisted of 100 men aged 55-70 years, all with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who underwent preoperative physiotherapeutic treatment. They were divided into two groups of 50 individuals (group A and group B). In group A the patients were treated with modern mobility techniques for bronchial clearance and the strengthening of the respiratory muscles was performed with IMT ® Threshold. In group B the treatment performed for bronchial obstruction was with classic maneuvers and for the strengthening of the respiratory muscles for flow incentive was used Respiron ® . Results: Both groups obtained improvement in the values of the PiMáx after the different treatments. Group A obtained greater change in the intervals and a more significant increase of the values of the PiMax in relation to the average pre and post-treatment. However, when analyzing the variance and the standard deviation of the samples, group B presented the best results showing more homogeneity. Conclusions: The modern and traditional bronchial clearance techniques associated with inspiratory muscle training were equally effective in gaining inspiratory muscle strength with increased Pmax. In this way, the two can be used in the preoperative preparation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and referred to abdominal operations.