Resumo Amostras biológicas obtidas de uma pequena lagoa temporária do norte da Colômbia proporcionaram o primeiro registro de Coronatella undata Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro e Santos, 2015 e do macho de Coronatella monacantha (Sars, 1901) na Colômbia. Neste estudo, foi descrita a morfologia de fêmeas de C. undata e de fêmeas e machos de C. monacantha, comparando-a com outras espécies do gênero. Coronatella undata foi descrita originalmente no Brasil e, entre as espécies do complexo C. monacantha, parece estar intimamente relacionada com Coronatella acuticostata (Sars, 1903). Coronatella undata apresenta algumas semelhanças com C. monacantha, mas pode ser identificada por seus principais caracteres, tais como: 1) ângulo posterior ventral da valva com dois dentículos; 2) cerda rudimentar no exopodito do ramo do tronco II; 3) filtro da gnatobase do apêndice torácico II com seis cerdas; 4) cerda ODL do membro do tronco I mais curta que a cerda mais longa do IDL. Coronatella monacantha é a espécie mais relatada na região neotropical, e o macho se assemelha mais a Coronatella paulinae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro & Santos em relação à/ao: (i) razão comprimento / largura do pós-abdômen, (ii) espinho basal quase reto e (iii) espinho basal longo com a metade do comprimento do espinho basal. No entanto, eles podem ser separados pelo/pela: (i) número de cerdas laterais na antênula, (ii) ângulo postanal, (iii) posição do gonóporo e (iv) presença de dentículo no canto ventral posterior da valva.

Abstract Biological samples obtained from a small temporary pond of northern Colombia yielded the first record Coronatella undata Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro and Santos, 2015 and of the male of C. monacantha (Sars, 1901) for Colombia. In this study, the morphology of female of Coronatella undata and female and male of C. monacantha was described and compared to other species within the genus. C. undata was originally described from Brazil and, among the species of the Coronatella monacantha complex, seems to be closely related to C. acuticostata (Sars, 1903). C. undata shows some similarities with C. monacantha, but it can be identified by important diagnostic characters such as: 1) posterior-ventral corner of valve with two denticles, 2) seta on exopodite of trunk limb II rudimentary, 3) filter comb of trunk limb II with six setae, 4) ODL seta of trunk limb I shorter than longest seta of IDL. C. monacantha is the most reported species in the Neotropical region and the male most resemble C. paulinae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro & Santos, 2015 in relation to (i), length/wide of postabdomen ratio (ii) basal spine almost straight and (iii)) long basal spine reaching the mid-length of basal spine. However, they can be separated by (i) number of lateral seta on the antennule, (ii) postanal angle, (iii) position of gonopore (iv) presence of a denticle on posterior-ventral corner of valve

Abstract Forty-one Cladocera taxa were identified in temporary ponds during this study, of which 15 are new records for the department of La Guajira and one for Colombia. With the addition of these new reports, the total number of cladocerans for Colombia and La Guajira department is increased by 111 and 46 species respectively. La Guajira department comprises the 41.44 % of cladocera taxa of the Colombian territory. The pond with the greatest and lowest richness was Ponderosa and Manaure with 37 and 2 species respectively. Descriptive notes, comparative comments on morphology, and illustrations are also provided for some notable taxa.

Resumen Cuarenta y un taxones de Cladóceros fueron identificados en las charcas temporales en el curso de este estudio, de los cuales 15 son nuevos registros para el departamento de la Guajira y uno para Colombia. Con la adición de estos nuevos reportes se incrementa el total de cladóceras para Colombia y el departamento de La Guajira en 111 y 46 especies respectivamente. El departamento de La Guajira contiene el 41.44% de los taxones de cladóceros del territorio colombiano. Las charcas con mayor y menor riqueza fue la Ponderosa y la de Manaure con 37 y 2 especies respectivamente. También se proporcionan notas descriptivas, comentarios comparativos sobre morfología e ilustraciones para algunos taxones notables.

Resumo Introdução Metabolismo anormal da glicose precede o desenvolvimento da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Objetivo Análise da hiperglicemia e fatores de risco associados em estudantes de Paranavaí-Brasil e Cáceres-Espanha. Método Estudo analítico em amostra de 804 estudantes de seis escolas em cada cidade. Analisados: sexo, idade, dependência administrativa da escola, estatura, massa, perímetro da cintura, IMC, relação cintura estatura, pressão arterial, comportamento sedentário, atividade física, colesterol, HDL e LDL, triglicerídeos e glicose. Resultados A prevalência foi alta para níveis de glicose em jejum (9,1% vs. 13,1%; p-valor = 0,216, espanhóis e brasileiros, respectivamente) e da maioria dos indicadores associados (p-valor < 0,05). Observou-se resultados favoráveis para as meninas espanholas (obesidade abdominal: 2,4% vs. 31,1%; comportamento sedentário: 5,3% vs. 43,4%; colesterol: 2,4% vs. 55,3%; triglicerídeos: 15,5% vs. 29,5%). Os meninos da Espanha levaram vantagem sobre os brasileiros (obesidade abdominal: 13,6% vs. 35,2%; pouco ativos: 23,5% vs. 39,0%; comportamento sedentário: 21,5% vs. 51,0%; colesterol: 3,7% vs. 41,0%), p < 0,05. Não houve associação da glicose com nenhum fator de risco. Conclusão Atenção deve ser dada aos jovens para evitar uma exposição precoce e prolongada a fatores de risco modificáveis que alteram os níveis de glicose.

Abstract Background Abnormal glucose metabolism precedes the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective Analysis of hyperglycemia and associated risk factors was performed in students from Paranavaí-Brazil and Cáceres-Spain. Method Analytical study on a sample of 804 students selected in six schools in each city. Analyzed: sex, age, school administrative dependence, height, mass, waist circumference, BMI, waist height ratio, blood pressure, sedentary behavior, level of physical activity, cholesterol, HDL and LDL, triglycerides and glucose. Results Prevalence was high for elevated fasting glucose levels (9.1% vs. 13.1%; p-value = 0.216, in the Spanish and Brazilian groups) and most of the associated indicators (p-value ≤ 0.05). Favorable results were observed for Spanish girls (abdominal obesity: 2.4% vs. 31.1%; sedentary behavior: 5.3% vs. 43.4%; cholesterol: 2.4% vs. 55.3% triglycerides: 15.5% vs. 29.5%). Boys from Spain had an advantage over Brazilians (abdominal obesity: 13.6% vs. 35.2%; activity level: 23.5% vs. 39.0%; sedentary behavior: 21.5% vs. 51.0%; cholesterol: 3.7% vs. 41.0%), p ≤ 0.05. There was no association of glucose with any risk factor. Conclusion Special attention should be given to youths to prevent early and prolonged exposure to modifiable risk factors that may alter glucose levels.

Abstract From a standpoint of phytosociological research, little is known about the phytocoenosis found on the volcanoes of Central America. This paper analyses the distribution of the vegetation on the volcano of San Pedro in terms of its species-richness, composition, structure and abundance, and the possible relationships between these components and the changes in elevation and orientation that occur there. We divided the study area into three altitudinal belts between 2,400 and 3,020 m a.s.l. where carried out 36 inventories, each one in an area of 0.1 ha. We then applied multivariate analysis to classify and order the data in the matrix obtained from the frequency of the sampled plants. Our results lead us to propose two mixed cloud-forest associations within the class Alnetea acuminatae. The first, Saurauio oreophilae-Alnetum acuminatae ass. nova, is found on the more humid western side, while the second, Adianto andicolae-Quercetum peduncularis ass. nova, appears in sunnier and less shady sites, mainly on the east face. As part of this latter association, we also identified the new subassociation festucetosum amplissimae subass. nova. These syntaxa are part of the alliance Oreopanacion xalapensis all. nova, which we have created to embrace the mesophytic montane forests dominated by broad-leaved species.

ABSTRACT Arbovirus infections such as dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever are among the mosquito-borne diseases with the highest incidence worldwide. These conditions are transmitted by the bite of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) mosquitoes. Common goals of entomological surveillance programs for Ae. aegypti in the world are to determine changes in the geographic distribution of the mosquito, obtain data concerning their populations throughout time, evaluate the coverage and impact of antivector interventions, and monitor the susceptibility and resistance of mosquito populations to the main insecticides used for vector control. The paper summarizes the main results of studies conducted from 1981 to 2020 by the Vector Control Department at Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK) as a National Reference Laboratory (NRL), to contribute to the strengthening of entomological surveillance of Ae. aegypti. Recognition is also made of the work done for forty years as part of the so-called Ae. aegypti eradication campaign implemented in response to the dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic (severe dengue in the new classification) occurring in Cuba in 1981.

RESUMEN Entre las enfermedades de mayor incidencia en el mundo transmitidas por los culícidos o mosquitos se encuentran las arbovirosis como dengue, chikungunya, zika y fiebre amarilla, las cuales el humano las adquiere a través de la picadura de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) y Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894). Los programas de vigilancia entomológica de Ae. aegypti en el mundo tienen en común determinar cambios en la distribución geográfica del mosquito, obtener medidas relativas de sus poblaciones a lo largo del tiempo, evaluar la cobertura y el impacto de las intervenciones antivectoriales, así como monitorear la susceptibilidad y la resistencia de sus poblaciones a los principales insecticidas usados en el control vectorial. En este trabajo se resume los principales resultados de las investigaciones desarrolladas por el departamento de control de vectores del Instituto de Medicina Tropical ¨Pedro Kouri¨ (IPK) como Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia (LNR) para contribuir al fortalecimiento de la vigilancia entomológica de Ae. aegypti desde 1981 hasta el 2020. Con este artículo se destaca el trabajo realizado al cumplirse en el 2021, 40 años del inicio de la llamada campaña de erradicación de Ae. aegypti implementada a raíz de la epidemia de dengue hemorrágico (en la nueva clasificación denominada dengue severo) registrada en Cuba en 1981.

ABSTRACT For an appropriate management of truck transportation, a system of indicators that facilitates the integral evaluation of the transportation process is needed as well as tools that facilitate analysis for decision-making. To this a system of indicators is proposed by using the operationalization of variables, upon the base of efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness criterions. The indicators are structured in hierarchical, indispensable for the decisions-taking process, and support, to analyze the causes of the behavior of the hierarchical indicators, simplifying the system of indicators notably. The application of the operationalization of variables about the base of criterions of efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness is considered a contribution in the case of the companies of transportation inside the country. Together with the proposal, a more integral indicator of fuel economy of transport is included: the unitary fuel consumption.

RESUMEN Para una gestión adecuada de los vehículos de carga, se necesita de un sistema de indicadores que posibilite la evaluación integral del desempeño del proceso de transportación y herramientas que faciliten el análisis para la toma de decisiones. Para ello se propone en esta investigación un sistema de indicadores, usando la operacionalización de variables, tomando como criterios de evaluación del desempeño: la eficiencia, eficacia y efectividad. Los indicadores se estructuran en jerárquicos, imprescindibles para la toma de decisiones, y de apoyo, para analizar las causas del comportamiento de los indicadores jerárquicos, simplificando notablemente el sistema de indicadores. La aplicación de la operacionalización de variables de los criterios de eficiencia, eficacia y efectividad se considera una contribución en el caso de las empresas de transporte del país. Dentro del sistema de indicadores, se incluye la propuesta de uno más integral para evaluar la economía de consumo de combustible del transporte: el consumo de combustible unitario.

Abstract Large branchiopods has been distributed in temporary waters around the world, but the knowledge about these organisms in Colombia is poorly known, especially leptesteriids, we report a new record of the Clam Shrimp Leptestheria venezuelica Daday, 1923 from the north of Colombia.

Resumen Los grandes branquiopodos se encuentran distribuidos en aguas temporales de todo el mundo, pero el conocimiento de estos en Colombia es poco sobre todo de los leptesteridos, en este trabajo presentamos un nuevo reporte del camaron almeja Leptestheria venezuelica Daday, 1923 para el norte de Colombia.

Abstract The Neotropical free-living freshwater cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops paranaensis Dussart & Frutos, 1986 was found in a small temporal pond in La Guajira, northern Colombia. Hitherto, it has been reported from Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. This is the first record of this species in Colombia, its northernmost finding in South America, and the fourth locality in which this species has been recorded from. Mesocyclops paranaensis can be distinguished from its closest congeners by a unique combination of the characters of the female, including: 1) leg 4 intercoxal sclerite with two large, acute projections; 2) P3, P4 intercoxal sclerite caudal surface lightly pilose; 3) seminal receptacle with narrow lateral arms and weakly convex anterior margin; 4) second antennary endopodite with seven setae, and insertion of antennary exopodal seta with adjacent spinules; 5)frontal surface of P1 basipodite ornamented with long spinules; 6) posterior margin of anal somite with continuous row of spinules; and 7) inner margin of caudal ramus hirsute. The Colombian population shows some subtle morphological differences with respect to previous reports.

Resumen El copépodo ciclopoide de agua dulce Mesocyclops paranaensis Dussart & Frutos, 1986 fue encontrado en un pequeño estanque temporal al norte de La Guajira. Hasta ahora, esta especie había sido registrada en Paraguay, Argentina y Brasil. Este es el primer registro de esta especie sudamericana en Colombia, su registro más septentrional en América del Sur, y la cuarta localidad en la que se registra. Mesocyclops paranaensis se puede distinguir de sus congéneres más cercanos por una combinación única de caracteres que incluyen: 1) esclerito intercoxal de la pata 4 con dos grandes proyecciones puntiagudas, 2) esclerito intercoxal de la pata 3 y pata 4 ligeramente piloso, 3) receptáculo seminal con brazos laterales estrechos y margen anterior débilmente convexo, 4)segundo segmento endopodal de la antena con siete setas, inserción de la seta exopodal de la antena con espínulas, 5) superficie frontal del basipodito de la pata 1 ornamentada con largas espínulas, 6) posterior margen del somita anal de la hembra con hileras continuas de espínulas y 7) margen interno de la rama caudal pilosa. Se proporciona una breve descripción de esta especie e ilustraciones de la población colombiana y se compara con su congénere más cercano. Los especímenes de Colombia muestran algunas diferencias morfológicas con respecto a los reportes previos acerca de esta especie.

Abstract From the analysis of plankton samples from a temporary pond of northern Colombia some female specimen of the daphinid cladoceran Scapholeberis freyi Dumont and Pensaert, 1983 was collected. It represents the first report in Colombia and expands its known occurrence in South America. The specimens observed are described and compared with available morphological data of their closest congeners. A brief descriptions of this taxon based on Colombian material is given.

Resumen A partir del análisis de las muestras de plancton de una charca temporal al noreste de Colombia algunos especímenes hembra del cladócero daphnido Scapholeberis freyi Dumont and Pensaert, 1983 fueron colectados. Este representa el primer reporte en Colombia y expande su rango distribucional conocido en Sur América. Los especímenes observados se describen y se comparan con los datos morfológicos disponibles de sus congéneres más cercanos. Una descripción breve de este taxón basado en el material colombiano es dada.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as horas de sono e fatores associados em estudantes brasileiros e espanhóis. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com estudantes de 11 a 16 anos de idade em Paranavaí, Brasil (n = 264) e Cáceres, Espanha (n = 233) entre 2013 e 2015. As horas de sono foram verificadas em relação ao tempo em minutos, dias da semana, fins de semana e Siesta. Todos os dados foram verificados quanto à normalidade pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os testes de Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado (X2) e a estimativa do Odds Ratio foram utilizados (p < 0,05). Entre os espanhóis e os brasileiros, as prevalências de dormir em dias de semana foram > 8 horas, 6 a 8 horas e < 6 horas, respectivamente. Quase um quarto em cada grupo respondeu fazer a Siesta. Os espanhóis apresentaram 3 vezes mais chance de dormir menos de 8 horas por noite durante a semana, entre os de 14 a 16 anos e pouco ativos. Aos finais de semana, a chance de dormir menos de 8 horas foi duas vezes maior entre os espanhóis. Orientações simples podem ajudar, para que os hábitos de sono não afetem o desenvolvimento escolar, como praticar atividade física regularmente, dormir pelo menos 8 horas por noite, evitar o acesso excessivo de tecnologia durante a noite.

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify sleep hours and associated factors among Brazilian and Spanish students. A cross-sectional study with students aged 11 to 16 years-old was carried out in Paranavaí, Brasil (n = 264) and Cáceres, Spain (n = 233) between 2013 and 2015. Sleeping hours were verified regarding time in minutes, sleep in weekdays, weekends and after lunch/Siesta. All data were checked for normality by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test (X2) and Odds Ratio estimates were used (p < 0.05). High prevalence in both groups of sleeping 8 hours or more a night at the weekend. The prevalence of sleeping on weekdays, > 8 hours, 6 to 8 hours and < 6 hours among Spanish and Brazilian students, respectively. Nearly a quarter of each group responded that makes the siesta. Spanish students had 3 times higher chance to sleep < 8 hours a night in weekdays, among students from 14 to 16 years old and among the underactive. At the weekends the chance of sleeping < 8 hours is 2 times greater among the Spanish students. Simple guidelines could help so that sleep habits do not affect school development, such as practicing physical activity regularly, sleeping at least 8 hours a night, avoid excessive access to technology at night.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as horas de sono e fatores associados em estudantes brasileiros e espanhóis. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com estudantes de 11 a 16 anos de idade em Paranavaí, Brasil (n = 264) e Cáceres, Espanha (n = 233) entre 2013 e 2015. As horas de sono foram verificadas em relação ao tempo em minutos, dias da semana, fins de semana e Siesta. Todos os dados foram verificados quanto à normalidade pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os testes de Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado (X2) e a estimativa do Odds Ratio foram utilizados (p < 0,05). Entre os espanhóis e os brasileiros, as prevalências de dormir em dias de semana foram > 8 horas, 6 a 8 horas e < 6 horas, respectivamente. Quase um quarto em cada grupo respondeu fazer a Siesta. Os espanhóis apresentaram 3 vezes mais chance de dormir menos de 8 horas por noite durante a semana, entre os de 14 a 16 anos e pouco ativos. Aos finais de semana, a chance de dormir menos de 8 horas foi duas vezes maior entre os espanhóis. Orientações simples podem ajudar, para que os hábitos de sono não afetem o desenvolvimento escolar, como praticar atividade física regularmente, dormir pelo menos 8 horas por noite, evitar o acesso excessivo de tecnologia durante a noite.

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify sleep hours and associated factors among Brazilian and Spanish students. A cross-sectional study with students aged 11 to 16 years-old was carried out in Paranavaí, Brasil (n = 264) and Cáceres, Spain (n = 233) between 2013 and 2015. Sleeping hours were verified regarding time in minutes, sleep in weekdays, weekends and after lunch/Siesta. All data were checked for normality by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test (X2) and Odds Ratio estimates were used (p < 0.05). High prevalence in both groups of sleeping 8 hours or more a night at the weekend. The prevalence of sleeping on weekdays, > 8 hours, 6 to 8 hours and < 6 hours among Spanish and Brazilian students, respectively. Nearly a quarter of each group responded that makes the siesta. Spanish students had 3 times higher chance to sleep < 8 hours a night in weekdays, among students from 14 to 16 years old and among the underactive. At the weekends the chance of sleeping < 8 hours is 2 times greater among the Spanish students. Simple guidelines could help so that sleep habits do not affect school development, such as practicing physical activity regularly, sleeping at least 8 hours a night, avoid excessive access to technology at night.

Eighteen species of cladocerans are recorded from a temporary pond in northern Colombia; 12 of these records are new for La Guajira Department: Diaphanosoma brevireme Sars, 1901, D. dentatum Herbst, 1968, Sarsilotona serricauda (Sars, 1901), Moina micrura micrura Kurz, 1874, M. reticulata Daday, 1905, Grimaldina freyi Neretina and Kotov, 2017, Kurzia polyspina Hudec, 2000, Leydigia cf striata Birabén, 1939, Ovalona cf glabra (Sars, 1905), Chydorus nitidulus (Sars, 1901), Dunhevedia crassa King, 1853 and Pseudosida sp.; this latter taxon could be an yet undescribed species. The cladoceran fauna from the surveyed area is represented mostly by widespread species and commonly found in the Neotropical regions, but local morphological data are scarce in the regional literature. Brief diagnostic descriptions of the species recorded for the Colombian cladoceran fauna are provided together with illustrations of taxonomically significant appendages, morphological remarks, notes on the variability of some species, and their distribution.

Dieciocho especies de cladóceros son registrados de una charca temporal al norte de Colombia; 12 de estos registros son nuevos para el departamento de la Guajira: Diaphanosoma brevireme Sars, 1901, D. dentatum Herbst, 1968, Sarsilotona serricauda (Sars, 1901), Moina micrura micrura Kurz, 1874, M. reticulata Daday, 1905, Grimaldina freyi Neretina and Kotov, 2017, Kurzia polyspina Hudec, 2000, Leydigia cf striata Birabén, 1939, Ovalona cf glabra (Sars, 1905), Chydorus nitidulus (Sars, 1901), Dunhevedia crassa King, 1853 y Pseudosida sp; este último taxón podría ser un especie todavía no descrita para la ciencia. La fauna de cladóceros del área estudiada está principalmente representada por especies de amplia distribución y comúnmente encontradas en la región Neotropical, pero la información local morfológica de estas especies reportadas son escasas en la literatura regional. Se proporcionan breves descripciones diagnosticas de las especies registradas para la fauna de cladóceros colombianos, juntos con ilustraciones de apéndices taxonómicamente importantes, comentarios morfológicos, notas de variabilidad de algunas especies y su distribución.

ABSTRACT It is unknown if any Juan Fernández native plants may tolerate the aggressive invasion of the introduced shrub Ugni molinae. We found sixteen native species growing within these highly invaded patches. The endemic shrub Gaultheria racemulosa (syn. Pernettya rigida) was the most important species according to vegetation cover in invaded patches, therefore relevant in future control management options.

Physical activity plays an important role in child development. The purpose of this study was to compare body image, self-esteem, cardio-metabolic risk and physical performance of children by nutritional status and frequency of physical activity. We studied 208 children (115 men and 93 women) 11.9±1.2 years of age. Participants were divided by frequency of physical activity per week: Group 1 (n= 87) was not physically active; Group 2 (n= 64) was physically active 1 or 2 times per week; Group 3 (n= 57) was physically active 3 or 4 times a week. We observed that 51 children were overweight and 40 obese. Children who were physically active 3 or 4 times per week, were less concerned about their body image and had higher self-esteem scores (both p <0.05). These children also reported lower cardio-metabolic risk and better physical performance. We conclude that there are overall developmental benefits for children who are more physically active.

La actividad física juega un papel importante en el desarrollo de los niños. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar según estado nutricional y frecuencia de actividad física la imagen corporal, autoestima, riesgo cardio-metabólico y rendimiento físico de niños. Se estudió 208 niños de 11,9±1,2 años de edad, 115 hombres y 93 mujeres. Quedaron divididos según frecuencia de actividad física a la semana: El Grupo 1 (n= 87) no realizan; Grupo 2 (n= 64) realizan 1 o 2 veces/semana; Grupo 3 (n= 57), realizan 3 o 4 veces/semana. Se observó que 51 niños presentaron sobrepeso y 40 de ellos obesidad. Los niños que realizan 3 o 4 veces actividad física/semana, presentaron menor preocupación por su imagen corporal y puntajes superiores en autoestima, ambas con significancia estadística (p<0,05), además reportaron menor riesgo cardio-metabólico y mejor rendimiento físico. Se concluye que los niños con mayor frecuencia de actividad física/semana, evidencian beneficios en su desarrollo integral.

ResumenEsta investigación tuvo como escenario 4 agroecosistemas de la Provincia de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Se estudió la respuesta productiva de diferentes cultivos de hortalizas y granos a la cobertura muerta dispuesta sobre el suelo y al empleo de biofertilizantes en condiciones experimentales de campo y en diferentes tipos de suelo. Dentro de las hortalizas se evaluó la cebolla (Allium cepa L.) y el tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.); para ambas se utilizó diferentes tipos de cobertura muerta sobre el suelo. Con los granos, se empleó Fitomas-E y Biobras 16 en el cultivo del frijol () y microrganismos eficientes en maíz (Zea mays L.). El diseño experimental para los 4 experimentos fue de bloques al azar. En todos el rendimiento de los cultivos fue superior en las variantes tratadas en relación con el control. Cuando se usó cobertura muerta en cebolla y tomate, el mayor rendimiento se obtuvo con el tratamiento con restos de cosecha de arroz: 14,08 y 31,25 t.ha-1, respectivamente. En el cultivo del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) la mejor combinación fue la aplicación conjunta de Fitomas E y Biobras 16, con un rendimiento de 2,23 t.ha-1. La producción de maíz fue superior en más del 50% cuando se usó microorganismos eficientes en correspondencia con la variante control. Las prácticas agrícolas evaluadas contribuyeron a mejorar la respuesta productiva en todos los cultivos donde fueron aplicadas.

AbstractThe present research took place in 4 agro-ecosystems of the Sancti Spiritus province, Cuba. The productive response of different crops of vegetables and grains to coverage residues on the ground, and to the use of biofertilizers under field experimental conditions and in different types of soil were studied. Among the vegetables, onion (Allium cepa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were evaluated; for both, different types of dead coverage on the floor were used. In the of grains, Fitomas- E and Biobras 16 were used on the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and efficient microorganisms in corn (Zea mays L.). The experimental design for the 4 experiments was of random blocks. In all experiments the crop yield was higher in treated variants, as compared to the control treatment. When dead coverage was used in onion and tomato, the highest yield was obtained with the remains of rice harvest: 14.08 and 31.25 t.ha-1 respectively. In the bean crop, the best combination was the joint implementation of Fitomas E and Biobrás 16, with a yield of 2.23 t.ha-1. Corn production was higher by more than 50% when efficient microorganisms were used in correspondence with the control variant. The agricultural practices evaluated contributed to improve the productive response in all crops where they were applied.