ABSTRACT Although soybean is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world, it has been losing genetic diversity in recent decades, due to the intense breeding process and reproduction method. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and estimate the genetic diversity among inbred lines, and identify promising crossings. A total of 66 soybean genotypes were evaluated, 61 of which were pre-commercial lines, and five commercial cultivars (AS3797, DESAFIO, M7110, M7739, M8210) as controls. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replicates. The distance matrix between the inbred lines was calculated by Mahalanobis distance and grouping by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The maximum distance was 1,776.26 between cultivar M7110 and the G23 inbred line, and the minimum 1.50 between inbred lines G13 and G36, with an average distance of 364.40, demonstrating genetic diversity. The traits that contributed most to genetic divergence were number of days to flowering (66.7%) and physiological maturation (28.55%). Inbred lines G60 (higher grain yield), G51 and G33 (lower physiological maturation) and cultivar M7110 (greater divergence) stood out. Four groups were formed, with G1 having the highest grain yield and fewest days to flowering and physiological maturation. The indicated crossings are between G60, G57, CD2728, M7110, G33 and G32 (group G1) and G47 (group G4).

RESUMO A soja é uma das mais importantes comodities agrícolas mundiais, no entanto, devido ao intenso processo de melhoramento e sua forma de reprodução, vem perdendo diversidade genética ao longo das últimas décadas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico, estimar a diversidade genética entre as linhagens e identificar cruzamentos promissores. Para isto, foram avaliados 66 genótipos de soja, sendo 61 linhagens pré-comerciais e cinco cultivares comerciais (AS3797, DESAFIO, M7110, M7739, M8210) como controles. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. A matriz de distância entre as linhagens foi calculada pela distância de Mahalanobis e o agrupamento pelo método da ligação média entre grupos (UPGMA). A distância máxima foi de 1.776,26 entre as linhagens M7110 e G23, e a mínima de 1,50 entre as linhagens G13 e G36, sendo a distância média de 364,40, demonstrando a existência de diversidade genética. Os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram número de dias para o florescimento (66,7%) e maturação fisiológica (28,55%). As linhagens G60 (maior produtividade de grãos), G51 e G33 (menor maturação fisiológica) e a cultivar M7110 (maior divergência) se destacaram. Formaram-se quatro grupos, sendo o grupo G1 com maior produtividade de grãos e menor número de dias para o florescimento e maturação fisiológica. Os cruzamentos indicados são entre G60, G57, CD2728, M7110, G33 e G32 (grupo G1) com a G47 (grupo G4).

Resumo Os microRNAs (miRNAs) são reconhecidos como biomarcadores do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), úteis para a compreensão do metabolismo da doença, e possuem grande potencial como alvos terapêuticos. O aumento da expressão de BDNF e IGF1 está altamente envolvido nos benefícios as vias de insulina e glicose, porém, são regulados negativamente em condições de resistência à insulina, enquanto seu aumento de expressão está correlacionado com a melhora do metabolismo da glicose e da insulina. Estudos sugerem a regulação desses genes por microRNA em vários contextos diferentes, proporcionando uma nova abordagem de investigação para compreender o metabolismo do DM2 e revelar potenciais alvos terapêuticos. No presente estudo, investigamos em diferentes modelos animais (humanos, ratos e camundongos) miRNAs que têm como alvo BDNF e IGF1 em tecido muscular esquelético com condições fisiológicas de DM2. As análises foram realizadas utilizando ferramentas de bioinformática e bancos de dados para predição de miRNA, homologia molecular, validação experimental de interações, expressão na condição fisiológica estudada e interação em rede. Os resultados mostraram três candidatos a miRNAs para IGF1 (miR-29a, miR-29b e miR-29c) e um para BDNF (miR-206). As avaliações experimentais e a busca pela expressão no músculo esquelético de indivíduos com DM2 confirmaram a interação prevista entre miRNA-mRNA para miR-29b e miR-206 através de modelos humanos, ratos e camundongos. Essa interação foi reafirmada em múltiplas análises de rede. Em conclusão, nossos resultados mostram a relação de regulação entre miR-29b e miR-206 com os genes investigados, em diversos tecidos, sugerindo um padrão de inibição. Contudo, esses dados mostram um grande número de possíveis processos fisiológicos de interação para perspectivas biotecnológicas.

Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) biomarkers useful for disease metabolism comprehension and have great potential as therapeutics targets. BDNF and IGF1 increased expression are highly involved in the benefits of insulin and glucose paths, however, they are down-regulated in insulin resistance conditions, while their expression increase is correlated to the improvement of glucose and insulin metabolism. Studies suggest the microRNA regulation of these genes in several different contexts, providing a novel investigation approach for comprehending T2DM metabolism and revealing potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we investigate in different animal models (human, rat, and mouse) miRNAs that target BDNF and IGF1 in skeletal muscle tissue with T2DM physiological conditions. Bioinformatics tools and databases were used to miRNA prediction, molecular homology, experimental validation of interactions, expression in the studied physiological condition, and network interaction. The findings showed three miRNAs candidates for IGF1(miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c) and one for BDNF (miR-206). The experimental evaluations and the search for the expression in skeletal muscle from T2DM subjects confirmed the predicted interaction between miRNA-mRNA for miR-29b and miR-206 through human, rat, and mouse models. This interaction was reaffirmed in multiple network analyses. In conclusion, our results show the regulation relationship between miR-29b and miR-206 with the investigated genes, in several tissues, suggesting an inhibition pattern. Nevertheless, these data show a large number of possible interaction physiological processes, for future biotechnological prospects.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to report an experiment designed to determine anatomical changes in porcine corneas following placement of a novel polymer implant into the cornea. Methods: An ex vivo porcine eye model was used. A novel type I collagen-based vitrigel implant (6 mm in diameter) was shaped with an excimer laser on the posterior surface to create three planoconcave shapes. Implants were inserted into a manually dissected stromal pocket at a depth of approximately 200 μm. Three treatment groups were defined: group A (n=3), maximal ablation depth 70 μm; Group B (n=3), maximal ablation depth 64 μm; and group C (n=3), maximal ablation depth 104 μm, with a central hole. A control group (D, n=3) was included, in which a stromal pocket was created but biomaterial was not inserted. Eyes were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and corneal tomography. Results: Corneal tomography showed a trend for a decreased mean keratometry in all four groups. Optical coherence tomography showed corneas with implants placed within the anterior stroma and visible flattening, whereas the corneas in the control group did not qualitatively change shape. Conclusions: The novel planoconcave biomaterial implant described herein could reshape the cornea in an ex vivo model, resulting in the flattening of the cornea. Further studies are needed using in vivo animal models to confirm such findings.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um experimento projetado para determinar alterações anatômicas em córneas porcinas após a colocação de um novo implante de polímero na córnea. Métodos: Foi utilizado olho de porco ex vivo. Um novo agente modelador biocompatível, de colágeno tipo 1, com 6mm de diâmetro foi moldado com excimer laser em sua face posterior, para criar três formatos planocôncavos. Os implantes foram inseridos dentro de um bolsão, dissecado manualmente, a 200 micrômetros (μm). Foram definidos três grupos de tratamento: grupo A (n=3), teve a profundidade máxima de ablação de 70 μm; o grupo B (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 64 μm; e o grupo C (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 104 μm, com buraco central. O grupo controle, D (n=3), foi incluído, com a criação do bolsão estromal, porém sem inserir o material. A avaliação desses olhos foi realizada por tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e por tomografia corneana. Resultados: A tomografia corneana mostrou uma tendência para diminuição da ceratometria média em todos os 4 grupos. A tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou córneas com implantes localizados no estroma anterior e aplanamento visível, enquanto as córneas não mudaram qualitativamente o formato no grupo controle. Conclusões: O novo implante de biomaterial planocôncavo descrito aqui foi capaz de remodelar a córnea em modelo de animal ex vivo, resultando no aplanamento corneano. Novos estudos são necessários usando modelos animais in vivo para confirmar tais achados.

In this review, we present the versatility of biomass and its derivatives obtained through thermal conversion processes (biochar and hydrochar) for applications in the development of electrochemical devices. This work highlights the generation of carbonaceous materials through pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization, in addition to proposing strategies to modify their physicochemical properties through activation methodologies to enhance their application as electrode materials. The processes of monitoring and degrading chemical species are discussed based on the diversity of electrodes that can be obtained with these bioderived coals, according to recent contributions available in the literature (2020-2023), which show the wide applicability of these materials in the field of electrochemistry.

ABSTRACT A great challenge of scientific research with carrot in semi-arid regions is obtaining the best productive characteristics and economic conditions by optimizing the green manure amounts using spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome, such as hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and roostertree (Calotropis procera Ait.). Therefore, this work aimed to agronomically and economically optimize the production of carrot roots in monocropping and of their components when fertilized with equitable biomass amounts of these spontaneous species in two cropping seasons in a semi-arid environment. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of equitable amounts of hairy woodrose and roostertree biomass in amounts of 16, 29, 42, 55, and 68 t ha-1 on a dry basis. In each experiment, an additional carrot treatment without fertilizer (absolute control) was planted for comparison with the other treatments to determine maximum physical and economic efficiency. Carrot fertilization was performed with the incorporation of 48.87 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera dry biomass into the soil to obtain the maximum optimized productive efficiency (commercial productivity). The maximum optimized agroeconomic efficiency (net income) of carrot cultivation was obtained when 49.64 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera dry biomass was added to the soil. The use of biomass from these spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome as green manure is a viable technology for tuberose producers in monocropping in semiarid environments.

RESUMO Um grande desafio na pesquisa científica com cenoura em ambiente semiárido é obter as melhores características produtivas e condições econômicas otimizando as quantidades de adubos verdes de espécies espontâneas do bioma Caatinga, como a jitirana (Merremia aegyptia L.) e a flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera Ait.). Diante disso, esse trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar agronômica e economicamente a produção de raízes de cenoura em monocultivo e de seus componentes, quando adubados com quantidades equitativas de biomassa dessas espécies espontâneas, em duas estações de cultivos em ambiente semiárido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos completos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de quantidades equitativas de biomassa de jitirana e de flor-de-seda nas doses de 16, 29, 42, 55 e 68 t ha-1 em base seca. Em cada experimento foi plantado um tratamento adicional com cenoura sem adubo (testemunha absoluta) para efeito de comparação com os demais tratamentos para determinar a máxima eficiência física ou econômica. A adubação da cenoura foi realizada com a incorporação de 48,87 t ha-1 de biomassa seca de M. aegyptia e C. procera ao solo para obtenção da máxima eficiência produtiva otimizada (produtividade comercial). A máxima eficiência agroeconômica otimizada (renda líquida) do cultivo da cenoura foi obtida quando 49,64 t ha-1 de biomassa seca de M. aegyptia e C. procera foram adicionados ao solo. A utilização da biomassa dessas espécies espontâneas do bioma Caatinga como adubação verde é uma tecnologia viável para produtores de tuberosas em monocultivo em ambientes semiáridos.

Abstract Paediatric neuroimaging is distinct from adult imaging, warranting dedicated approaches that take into account the singularities of this population in the selection of the appropriate imaging techniques for each phase of the normal development. The impact of ionising radiation exposure or contrast media usage need to be taken into account when planning or performing paediatric imaging, with risk versus benefit needing a specific assessment in these age groups, especially considering x-ray exposure. Magnetic resonance is radiation free and provides accurate anatomical detail of the brain and spinal cord, being the preferred imaging method in children, despite some reported adverse effects. To produce high quality images, neuroradiologists must be aware that there are several challenges in children mainly due to their small size and immaturity. Non-cooperation is a challenge in this group that demands creativity (with specific devices to use inside the scanners) and fast imaging methods, minimising the use of anaesthetics. The scope of this article is to review the challenges of paediatric neuroimaging, focusing on the specificities of these patients, namely main indications for imaging, risks and concerns regarding the most commonly used neuroimaging techniques available, use of contrast media and the need of sedation or general anaesthesia, and to provide recommendations that optimise safety in paediatric neuroimaging, proposing an algorithm approach based on risk/benefit assessment.

Resumo A neuroimagem pediátrica é uma área específica, diferente do adulto, exigindo uma abordagem particular que tenha em conta as especificidades desta população na seleção de técnicas de imagem apropriadas para cada fase do seu desenvolvimento. O impacto da exposição à radiação ionizante ou contrastes e a análise risco/benefício devem ser tidos em conta na neurorradiologia pediátrica, principalmente quando se utiliza radiação ionizante. A ressonância magnética é uma técnica de imagem que não utiliza radiação e permite obter um maior detalhe anatómico do sistema nervoso central, sendo o método preferencial na idade pediátrica, apesar de algumas desvantagens. Os radiologistas devem ter em atenção que, para produzir imagens de elevada qualidade, existem várias limitações nesta idade, nomeadamente relacionadas com o seu pequeno tamanho e imaturidade. A falta de colaboração nesta faixa etária é um desafio que exige criatividade e métodos de aquisição de imagem rápidos para minimizar o uso de anestesia. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma revisão dos principais desafios da neuroimagem pediátrica, focando nas especificidades destes pacientes, nomeadamente nas principais indicações para realizar exames de imagem, riscos e preocupações relativamente às técnicas de neuroimagem mais usadas, uso de contraste e anestesia e fornecer recomendações que otimizem a segurança na neuroimagem na pediatria, propondo um algoritmo de abordagem baseado na avaliação dos riscos/benefícios.

Infections in fruits caused by fungi reduce the quantity and quality of food for human consumption, in addition to causing economic losses. In this sense, this study aimed to address the effects of eugenol nanocapsules (NCs) based on chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose in protecting nectarines against Monilinia fructicola, a brown rot agent, a worldwide important disease. NCs were prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly starting from an anionic template and deposition with up to two polymeric layers. The hydrodynamic diameters ranged from 158 nm (nanoemulsion), 360 nm (one polymeric layer) to 398 nm (two polymeric layers). NCs presented, during the in vitro release, the release of eugenol following a first order process. In addition to being in the region of stability (zeta potential ca. |30| mV), the capsules showed good adhesion to the nectarine surface. In relation to brown rot, the eugenol NCs with chitosan proved to be the best formulation compared to nanoemulsion and NCs with two polymeric layers for its control, increasing the probability that the fruits remain without symptoms, even after 7 days. Therefore, this study demonstrated that chitosan NCs containing eugenol could be an alternative to preserve fruit for longer periods in post-harvest.

Melon is a pollinator-dependent crop that relies mainly on bees to set fruits. However, man-selected varieties vary in their attractiveness to flower visitors, and some flower genders and melon types may be less visited than others, harming pollination. We investigated the nectar composition of male, female and hermaphrodite flowers of 270 individuals of five commercial melons Cucumis melo (Cantaloupe, Charentais, Galia, Piel de Sapo, and Yellow), and its role in flower visit by Apis mellifera foragers. We found that melon nectar is composed mainly of sugars and amino acids such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and flavonoids kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside, luteolin hexoside, and kaempferol rhamnoside. But the amount of these chemical compounds varies among the flower genders. We also developed an accurate regression model to predict the number of bee visits to melon flowers based on the nectar composition. Our results indicate that nectar composition plays little role in bee discrimination among flowers of different melon types but is essential to the honeybee choice between flower gender. The amounts of phenylalanine (49.40%) and tryptophan (12.05%) in the nectar are related to bee preference for hermaphrodite flowers. More visits to hermaphrodite flowers contribute to setting and developing well-formed fruits, increasing productivity.

Phenylphosphonates of zinc (Zn-PPh), calcium (Ca-PPh) and magnesium (Mg-PPh) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Samples showed characteristic X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of layered compounds with basal spacing in the range of 14-15 Å. According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), all compositions showed the presence of characteristic bands attributed to phenyl aromatic rings, phosphonate and lattice metal-oxygen (M-O) vibrations. Different concentrations of phenylphosphonate particles were applied to stabilize water-in-oil Pickering emulsions using vaseline oil in different w/o fractions. The three particle types showed greater affinity for the oil phase (wettability) and the ability to stabilize the emulsions via the Pickering effect. Ca-PPh particles contained a greater emulsified fraction after 20 days of evaluation. This result can be attributed to the particle morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fibrous morphology of Ca-PPh particles is believed to increase the steric hindrance effect at the surface around the droplets, while the Zn-PPh and Mg-PPh layered particles tended to form clusters.

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a legume that is grown worldwide and used for different purposes, especially as green grains. However, considering the low availability of cowpea cultivars for green grain production, selecting genotypes that have better traits for this purpose is necessary. In this context, the objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and evaluate different selection indices for identifying superior cowpea genotypes and subsidizing cowpea breeding programs focused on green grain production. A field experiment was conducted at the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Ceará, Brazil. The treatments consisted of 42 cowpea genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of the UFC. Fourteen traits were used for characterization. The experiment was conducted in an augmented block design with four controls. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, and genetic parameters, correlations, and selection indices were determined. The traits days to flowering (DFL), days to fruiting (DFR), green pod weight (GPW), green pod width (GW), green pod length (GPL), green pod thickness (GPT), number of grains per pod (NGP), and green grain thickness (GGT) showed heritability higher than 70%, indicating that selection in an early generation is favorable. The genetic correlations between the trait pairs DFL×DFR, GPW×GPL, and GW×GGT were higher than the phenotypic and environmental correlations. Genotypes CE-228, CE-688, CE-994, CE-165, CE-796, and BRS-Paraguaçu showed simultaneous superiority for the evaluated traits and are the most appropriate for green grain production.

RESUMO O feijão-caupi é uma das leguminosas mais cultivadas no mundo, sendo comercializado para diversas finalidades, como o feijão verde. Considerando a reduzida disponibilidade de cultivares de feijão-caupi para o mercado de feijão verde, é necessário selecionar genótipos que ofereçam características intrínsecas para este fim. Assim, objetivou-se estimar parâmetros genéticos e índice de seleção na identificação de genótipos superiores de feijão-caupi, fornecendo subsídios para programas de melhoramento visando a produção de grãos verdes. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Ceará, Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram de 42 genótipos de feijão-caupi do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da UFC. Quatorze descritores foram utilizados para a caracterização. O experimento foi montado em um delineamento de blocos aumentados, com quatro testemunhas adicionais. Foi realizada análise de variância, parâmetros genéticos, correlação e índices de seleção. As características de dias para floração, dias para frutificação, peso da vagem verde, largura da vagem verde, comprimento da vagem verde, espessura da vagem verde, número de grãos por vagem e espessura do grão verde apresentaram valores de herdabilidade acima de 70%, indicando que a seleção em geração precoce com base nestas características é favorável. As correlações genéticas entre os pares de caracteres DFL×DFR, GPW×GPL, e GW×GGT foram superiores às correlações fenotípicas e ambientais. Os genótipos CE-228, CE-688, CE-994, CE-165, CE-796 e BRS-Paraguaçu apresentam superioridade simultânea para as características avaliadas e os mais adequados para o mercado de grãos e vagens verdes.

The liquid product of the pyrolysis of biomass is a mixture of an organic phase and other aqueous, being the last one rich in phenol monomers which can be used in industrial chemistry as input for plastic and resin production. This work aimed to develop a method for extracting phenols present in the aqueous fraction obtained from the pyrolysis of guava seeds, using ultrasonic assisted liquid-liquid extraction (UALLE) with ethyl acetate and ionic liquids (ILs) as co-solvents (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (BMIM.NTF2) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM.PF6)). The percentage IL, ultrasonic bath potency, temperature, and pH were studied. Quantification of twelve phenol monomers was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the total phenol concentration (TPC) was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The ionic liquid BMIM.NTF2 was more efficient for phenol extraction than BMIM.PF6. The phenolic extractions were influenced by the pH of the aqueous fraction (higher extraction yields at pH ≤ 7), and thus, presented recoveries above 80% for both ionic liquids.

This work describes a green synthesis, the characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs suspension was synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus grandis, which presented a characteristic band at 407 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The AgNPs presented a spherical shape and size of 9.7 ± 0.3 nm. The nanoparticles were stable over a month, indicating that E. grandis’ extract is suitable for their preparation and stabilization. The X-ray analysis showed that the crystallinity of AgNPs corresponded to the centered face phase of silver. The antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The AgNPs presented antibacterial activity on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli at 53.9 µg mL-1. The leishmanicidal activity evaluation against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis showed that the biological response is dependent on the volume of AgNP suspension. It was demonstrated that L. infantum was more sensitive to the nanoparticle’s treatment than L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The treatment of L infantum promastigotes with 150 µL of AgNP suspension reduced parasite growth by 67.9%, a result which was similar to the treatment with 1 (66.7%) or 2 µL (70.6%) of amphotericin B used as a positive control.

Mari-mari (Cassia leiandra Benth.) is an Amazonian native fruit that is highly appreciated in the northern region of Brazil, but there are few studies regarding its chemical composition and/or biological properties. A phytochemical study was conducted on the extracts of the pulp, peel and seeds; and their antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential were also determined. Methanol and acetone extracts from different fruit parts were subjected to total phenolic, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and FeIII reducing capacity (FRAP) assays. From the peel extracts, the engeletin and astilbin could also be isolated and characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. A quantification using ultra-fast liquid chromatography of acetone dry crude extracts (DCE) of the peel showed that engeletin was the main compound (532.77 mg g-1 DCE). Astilbin content was also determined (131.53 mg g-1 DCE). The antibacterial and antiproliferative activities were evaluated and the methanol extract of the peel showed higher growth inhibition activity against all tested bacteria. Engeletin showed a relevant antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Acetone and methanol peel extracts exhibited a relevant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), with no toxicity to the normal cell line (NIH/3T3).

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the growth of ornamental cherry tomato plants in different protected environments and reflective materials on the cultivation benches. As there were no repetitions of the protected environments, each environment was considered an experiment. In each environment, the experimental design used was completely randomized with five replications and three plants per plot. From the analysis of individual variances and evaluation of the mean squares of residues smaller than seven, the joint analysis of variance was performed (three protected environments x three reflective materials on the cultivation bench + 1 control without material). The protected environments evaluated were the agricultural greenhouse with a screen of 42-50% shading under the film, the agricultural screenhouse with a black screen of 30% shading, and the agricultural screenhouse with an aluminized screen of 35% shading. The reflective materials on the cultivation bench were Aluminet®, white Formica laminate, and red Formica laminate. The different protected environments influenced the growth of plants, and due to the lower incident light, the plants showed greater height in the agricultural greenhouse (42-50% shading). The reflective benches did not interfere with plant height but favored fruit production. The agricultural greenhouse (42-50% shading)) stands among the environments. For the reflective materials on the bench, aluminized fabric and red Formica laminate stood out, as they favored the growth of cherry tomato plants with desirable ornamental traits, such as greater fruit production.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o crescimento de plantas ornamentais de tomateiro cereja em diferentes ambientes protegidos e materiais refletores sobre as bancadas de cultivo. Por não haver repetições dos ambientes protegidos, cada ambiente foi considerado um experimento. Em cada ambiente, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições e três plantas por parcela. A partir das análises de variâncias individuais e avaliação dos quadrados médios dos resíduos menor que sete foi realizada a análise conjunta (três ambientes protegidos x três materiais refletores sobre a bancada de cultivo + 1 uma testemunha sem material). Os ambientes protegidos avaliados foram a estufa agrícola com tela de 42-50% de sombreamento sob o filme, o telado agrícola com tela preta de 30% de sombreamento e o telado agrícola com tela aluminizada de 35% de sombreamento. Os materiais refletores sobre a bancada de cultivo foram o Aluminet®, o laminado de fórmica branca e o laminado de fórmica vermelha. Os diferentes ambientes protegidos influenciaram no crescimento das plantas, sendo que em função da menor luminosidade incidente, as plantas apresentaram maior altura na estufa plástica. As bancadas refletoras não interferiram na altura de plantas, mas favoreceram a produção de frutos. Dentre os ambientes destaca-se a estufa plástica 42-50% de sombreamento. Para os materiais refletores na bancada, destacaram-se o material aluminizado e a fórmica vermelha, pois favoreceram o crescimento de plantas de tomateiro cereja com características ornamentais desejáveis, como maior produção de frutos.

Resumo Dentre as diversas frutas a mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), despertou interesse de produtores e consumidores devido às suas características sensoriais atrativas e propriedades benéficas à saúde (elevado valor nutricional e presença de substâncias bioativas), assim, o trabalho avaliar os fatores nutricionais do resíduo da farinha de processamento de mangaba que é desprezado pela indústria alimentícia e, a influência da temperatura na sua produção. O resíduo de processamento da mangaba foi dividido em dois lotes, sendo um deles utilizado para as análises in natura (amostra controle) e o outro para a confecção da farinha que foi seca a 50 °C, e dividida em dois lotes: tratamento A (farinha com torras a 110 °C e 130 °C) e no tratamento B (farinha oriunda da secagem a 50 °C). Analisou-se as características nutricionais de farinhas considerando os parâmetros químicos: pH, acidez total titulável e sólidos solúveis, além da determinação do teor de umidade, lipídios totais, fibra alimentar total e cinzas, valor energético total, atividade antioxidante, triagem fitoquímica, quantificação de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides, bem como as propriedades funcionais tecnológicas (índice de absorção de água (IAA), índice de solubilidade em água (ISA), índice de absorção de leite (IAL) e índice de solubilidade em leite (ISL) e índice de absorção de óleo (IAO). Na análise foi inferido que os compostos bioativos presentes nos extratos não possuem propriedades significativas de agir como sequestradores de radicais livres. O tratamento térmico, realizado na farinha de resíduos de processamento de mangaba, influenciou nos dados dos fatores nutricionais e das propriedades de absorção e solubilidade, os quais apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Estes resultados credenciam a farinha como uma alternativa viável para o enriquecimento energético de dietas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, a redução do descarte desses resíduos e consequentemente para a minimização do impacto ambiental.

Abstract Among several fruits, mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), it aroused the interest of producers and consumers due to its attractive sensory characteristics and health beneficial properties (high nutritional value and presence of bioactive substances), thus, this work evaluates the nutritional factors of the flour residue of mangaba processing that is despised by the food industry, and the influence of temperature on its production. The mangaba processing residue was splited in two main groups: in natura sample (control), and other for preparation of flour that was dried at 50 °C and divided into two other groups: treatment A (flour with roasts at 110 °C and 130 °C) and treatment B (flour from drying at 50 °C). The nutritional characteristics of flours were analyzed considering the chemical parameters: pH, titratable total acidity and soluble solids, in addition to the determination of moisture content, total lipids, total dietary fiber and ash, total energy value, antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, quantification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as well as technological functional properties (water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), milk absorption index (MAI) and milk solubility index (MSI) and oil absorption index (OAI). The results showed that the bioactive compounds present in the extracts do not have significant properties of acting as free radical kidnappers. The heat treatment, performed in the flour of mangaba processing residues, influenced the nutritional factors and properties of absorption and solubility, which showed statistical differences. These results show that the flour is a viable alternative for the energy enrichment of diets, contributing to the development of new products, the reduction of the disposal of these residues and consequently to the minimization of the environmental impact.