Resumo Relatos da medicina popular costumam atuar como referencial para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos a partir de moléculas naturais com ações terapêuticas para doenças de alta gravidade e prevalência como o câncer. Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. é uma espécie da família Bromeliaceae, considerada uma planta alimentícia não convencional (PANC), encontrada nas regiões sul e centro-oeste do Brasil. Apesar do alto teor nutritivo e potencial farmacológico de seus frutos, poucos estudos científicos relatam suas ações biológicas. Desta forma, este estudo avalia o perfil fitoquímico de extratos aquoso e etanólico obtidos de frutos de B. antiacantha, bem como a sua possível ação antioxidante, antitumoral e citotóxica. O extrato aquoso apresentou compostos fenólicos e flavonoides, enquanto os extratos etanólicos apontam a presença de flavonóides e cumarina em sua composição, independente da região de coleta. O extrato etanólico demonstrou efeito antioxidante mais promissor do que o extrato aquoso e também induziu uma inibição significativa na viabilidade de células humanas de câncer cervical da linhagem SiHa. Além disso, o tratamento com ambos extratos não alterou a viabilidade de células não tumorais da linhagem de queratinócitos humanos imortalizados (HaCaT). Estes dados trazem novas informações sobre extratos obtidos de uma espécie vegetal nativa, comestível e já utilizada tradicionalmente, mas abrindo novas perspectivas quanto a possíveis aplicações terapêuticas.

Abstract Reports from popular medicine usually act as a basis for the development of new drugs from natural compounds with therapeutic actions for serious diseases and prevalence such as cancer. Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. is a species of the Bromeliaceae family, considered an unconventional food plant, found in the south and midwest regions of Brazil. Despite the high nutritional content and pharmacological potential of its fruits, few scientific studies report its biological actions. Thus, this study evaluates the phytochemical profile of aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from B. antiacantha fruits, as well as their possible antioxidant, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. The aqueous extract exhibited phenolic compounds and flavonoids, while ethanol extracts indicated the presence of flavonoids and coumarin in their composition, regardless of the region of collection. The ethanolic extract demonstrated a more promising antioxidant effect than the aqueous extract and also induced a significant inhibition in the viability of human cervical cancer cells of the SiHa strain. In addition, treatment with both extracts did not alter the viability of non-tumor cells of the immortalized human keratinocyte lineage (HaCaT). These results bring new data about extracts obtained from a native plant, edible and traditionally used in popular medicine, opening new perspectives for its possible therapeutic application.

Infections in fruits caused by fungi reduce the quantity and quality of food for human consumption, in addition to causing economic losses. In this sense, this study aimed to address the effects of eugenol nanocapsules (NCs) based on chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose in protecting nectarines against Monilinia fructicola, a brown rot agent, a worldwide important disease. NCs were prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly starting from an anionic template and deposition with up to two polymeric layers. The hydrodynamic diameters ranged from 158 nm (nanoemulsion), 360 nm (one polymeric layer) to 398 nm (two polymeric layers). NCs presented, during the in vitro release, the release of eugenol following a first order process. In addition to being in the region of stability (zeta potential ca. |30| mV), the capsules showed good adhesion to the nectarine surface. In relation to brown rot, the eugenol NCs with chitosan proved to be the best formulation compared to nanoemulsion and NCs with two polymeric layers for its control, increasing the probability that the fruits remain without symptoms, even after 7 days. Therefore, this study demonstrated that chitosan NCs containing eugenol could be an alternative to preserve fruit for longer periods in post-harvest.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on activation and apoptosis of primordial follicles. There was no difference in the total number of follicles as well as in the different types of follicles. Furthermore, the LPS challenge didn’t modulate the expression of genes related with ovarian reserve (HAM), oocyte survival (Survivin), activation rate (Pten, KIT, KITL1, KITL2, AKT1, SIRT1), and follicular abnormalities. Therefore, the LPS exposure with 24h interval had no effect on activation rate and primordial follicles abnormalities, and also had no effect on expression of anti-apoptotic genes and genes related with ovarian reserve, oocyte survival, activation rate, and primordial follicles abnormalities.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) na ativação e a apoptose de folículos primordiais. Dez novilhas saudáveis (Bos taurus taurus), com idade média de 14 meses, alojadas em sistema de confinamento e alimentadas com TMR, foram utilizadas neste experimento. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo LPS (LPS; n = 5), que recebeu duas injeções intravenosas de 0,5μg/kg de peso corporal de lipopolissacarídeo (Sigma Aldrich®) diluído em 2mL de solução salina (0,9% de NaCl), com intervalo de 24h; e grupo controle (CTR; n = 5), que recebeu duas injeções intravenosas de 2mL de solução salina (0,9% de NaCl), com intervalo de 24h. A primeira injeção de LPS foi realizada no d 1, e no d 5 os animais foram abatidos, os ovários foram pesados e as amostras dos ovários foram coletadas para avaliação histológica e molecular. Não houve diferença no número total de folículos, bem como nos diferentes tipos de folículos. Além disso, o desafio com LPS não modulou a expressão de genes relacionados à reserva ovariana (HAM), à sobrevivência oocitária (Survivin), à taxa de ativação (Pten, KIT, KITL1, KITL2, AKT1, SIRT1) e às anormalidades foliculares. Portanto, a exposição ao LPS com intervalo de 24h não teve efeito sobre a taxa de ativação e as anormalidades dos folículos primordiais, bem como não teve efeito sobre a expressão de genes antiapoptóticos e de genes relacionados com a reserva ovariana, a sobrevivência oocitária, a taxa de ativação e as anormalidades dos folículos primordiais.

This work describes a green synthesis, the characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs suspension was synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus grandis, which presented a characteristic band at 407 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The AgNPs presented a spherical shape and size of 9.7 ± 0.3 nm. The nanoparticles were stable over a month, indicating that E. grandis’ extract is suitable for their preparation and stabilization. The X-ray analysis showed that the crystallinity of AgNPs corresponded to the centered face phase of silver. The antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The AgNPs presented antibacterial activity on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli at 53.9 µg mL-1. The leishmanicidal activity evaluation against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis showed that the biological response is dependent on the volume of AgNP suspension. It was demonstrated that L. infantum was more sensitive to the nanoparticle’s treatment than L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The treatment of L infantum promastigotes with 150 µL of AgNP suspension reduced parasite growth by 67.9%, a result which was similar to the treatment with 1 (66.7%) or 2 µL (70.6%) of amphotericin B used as a positive control.

Abstract The riverine population of the Amazon Basin are among the largest consumers of fish in the world, but the consumption patterns could be regionally distinct. Moreover, their total fish catches are not fully known. The objective of this work was to estimate the per capita fish consumption of the riverine people that inhabit the Paciência Island (Iranduba, Amazonas), where there is a fishing agreement in force. A total of 273 questionnaires were applied during the first two weeks of each month between April 2021 and March 2022. The sample unit was the residences. The questionnaire contained questions about the species captured and their quantities. Consumption was calculated by dividing the average monthly capture with the average number of residents per household interviewed, which was multiplied by the number of questionnaires applied. Thirty groups of consumed fish species belonging to 17 families and 5 orders were recorded. The total catch was 3,388.35 kg and the highest monthly catch was 602.60 kg during the falling-water season in October. Daily per capita fish consumption averaged 66.13 ± 29.21 g/day, with a peak of 116.45 g/day during the falling-water season in August. The high fish consumption rate highlighted the importance of fisheries management to food security and the maintenance of the community’s lifestyle.

Resumo As populações amazônicas são uma das maiores consumidoras de pescado do mundo, contudo os padrões de consumo podem ser regionalmente distintos. Além disso, as capturas totais não são totalmente conhecidas. O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o consumo per capita e as capturas de pescado por ribeirinhos residentes na Ilha da Paciência (Iranduba, Amazonas), onde há um acordo de pesca vigente. Foram aplicados no total 273 questionários durante as duas primeiras semanas de cada mês entre abril de 2021 e março de 2022. A unidade amostral foram as residências. O questionário continha perguntas sobre as espécies capturadas e respectivas quantidades. O consumo foi calculado pela divisão entre a média de captura mensal com a média de moradores por residência entrevistada que foi multiplicada pelo número de questionários aplicados. Foram registrados 30 grupos de espécies de peixes consumidos pertencentes a 17 famílias e 5 ordens. A captura total foi de 3.388,35 kg e a maior captura mensal foi de 602,60 kg durante a vazante no mês de outubro. O consumo de pescado per capita diário foi em média 66,13 ± 29,21 g/dia, com pico de 116,45 g/dia durante a vazante no mês de agosto. A alta taxa de consumo de pescado mostra a importância do manejo pesqueiro para a segurança alimentar e a manutenção do estilo de vida da comunidade.

Abstract Water stress limits the initial growth and development of maize mass and grain, as well as the physiological process for absorbing the amount of mineral elements. The objective was to evaluate the effect of silicon on germination and growth of corn seedlings submitted to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory and the experimental design was completely randomized (factorial 3 × 4), with three concentrations of calcium silicate (0.0; 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and 4 solutions of PEG-6000 to simulate different osmotic potentials (0, 0; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9 MPa). Germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), percentage of non-germinated and abnormal germinated, length and dry matter of shoot, root and total seedlings were evaluated. Water deficiency reduced the parameters TG, GSI and MGT. The water deficit reduce the MSPA, MSR and MST with more than 80% reduction in mass from seedlings without deficiency to seedlings with deficiency. For CPA, CR and CT there was a reduction of at least 87%, 70% and 77%, respectively, among seeds without deficiency compared to seeds submitted to deficiency. The use of silicon in corn seeds did not attenuate the stress caused by water deficit simulated by PEG-6000.

Resumo O estresse hídrico limita o crescimento inicial e o desenvolvimento da massa e do grão de milho, assim como no processo fisiológico para a absorção da quantidade de elementos minerais. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do silício na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas de milho submetidas a deficiência hídrica. O experimento foi desenvolvido em laboratório e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) (fatorial 3 × 4), sendo três concentrações de Silicato de cálcio (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mM) e 4 soluções de PEG-6000 a simular diferentes potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 MPa). Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), a porcentagem de não germinadas e de germinadas anormais, o comprimento e matéria seca da parte aérea, raiz e total das plântulas. A deficiência hídrica diminuiu os parâmetros TG, IVG e TMG. O déficit hídrico reduz a MSPA, MSR e MST com mais de 80% de redução da massa das plântulas sem deficiência para as plântulas com deficiência. Para CPA, CR e CT houve redução de, no mínimo, 87%, 70% e 77%, respectivamente entre as sementes sem deficiência em comparação as sementes submetidas a deficiência. A utilização de silício em sementes de milho não atenuou o estresse causado pela deficiência hídrica simulada por PEG-6000.

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in API 5L X70 steel was investigated by testing notched and unnotched uniaxial tensile specimens and single-edge tension specimen, SE(T). Apparent hydrogen diffusivity (Dapp = 1.4 x 10-10 m2/s) and solubility (Sapp = 4.9 mol H/m3) were determined by electrochemical hydrogen permeation tests. Through mathematical fitting, it was possible to separate the strong traps present at the beginning of the first permeation curve (φ = 0.43 mol H/m3). Uniaxial tensile tests showed a loss of ductility of up to 33% in the hydrogenated condition. Fracture mechanics tests exhibited a toughness decrease of 14% after exposure to hydrogen. The high resistance to HE was presented suggesting that these microalloyed steels can solubilize hydrogen in the matrix with low segregation, reducing the impact on embrittlement. A mix of ductile and quasi-cleavage fracture was observed in the hydrogenated samples with an increased stress triaxiality.

ABSTRACT: We report a case of a free-ranging five-month wildcat with bilateral hind limbs paralysis since birth due to a segmental lumbar spinal cord aplasia. The species confirmation of the southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus) was determined by genetic sequencing. This southern tiger cat native to Brazil had autophagy in both pelvic limbs during the initial phase of hospitalization, followed by a right tibial fracture with bone exposition. Euthanasia was chosen due to animal welfare and submitted for postmortem examination. Grossly, there was an 8.5cm in-length segmental interruption of the spinal cord between the third and fifth lumbar vertebrae, with a lack of spinal cord tissue and collapsed associated dura mater. Microscopically, the representative sections of the L3 to L5 spinal cord had only .an irregular trace of gray matter adhered to the meninges (lumbar spinal cord aplasia) In the region of L6, a focally extensive, cystic, and well-defined tubular cavitation was noted dorsally to the central canal, replacing and compressing the adjacent nervous tissue (syringomyelia). Metagenomics examination did not detect any virus responsible for the presented spinal cord malformations. This seems to be the first description of segmental spinal cord aplasia reported in a wild feline.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente relato foi descrever um caso de aplasia segmentar da medula espinhal lombar em um felino silvestre, com aproximadamente cinco meses, resgatado de seu ambiente natural, apresentando paralisia bilateral dos membros posteriores. A espécie gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus guttulus) foi determinada por sequenciamento genético. Após curto período de hospitalização, iniciou autofagia de ambos os membros pélvicos, seguido de fratura com exposição óssea. Optou-se pela eutanásia e o cadáver foi encaminhado ao Setor de Anatomia Patológica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro para necropsia. Macroscopicamente, havia uma interrupção segmentar grave da medula espinhal entre a terceira e a quinta vértebras lombares, medindo 8,5cm de comprimento, com resquícios de tecido nervoso e com meninges colapsadas. Ao exame histológico, em seções da medula espinhal na região de L3 a L5, .havia apenas vestígio de tecido nervoso aderido às meninges, morfologicamente compatível com substância cinzenta (aplasia de medula espinhal lombar). Na região de L6 notou-se áreas multifocais com cavitações tubulares, císticas e bem delimitadas, dorsalmente ao canal central substituindo e comprimindo o tecido nervoso adjacente (siringomielia). O exame de metagenômica não detectou qualquer vírus responsável pelas malformações da medula espinhal. Com base no histórico, sinais clínicos, necropsia e achados histológicos, o diagnóstico de aplasia segmentar grave com siringomielia foi estabelecido em um L. guttulus.

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify the flight radius and the influence of the climatic season and period of the day on the external activity of Melipona rufiventris bees. The forager bees were released at different distances to evaluate the flight radius. The following were considered for external activities in the four different seasons of the year (Winter, Autumn, Spring, Summer): the entry with no apparent load was considered as nectar/water, entry with defined and opaque mass in the corbicula was considered as pollen, the entry with undefined and shiny mass in the corbicula was considered as resin/clay or bee exit no load and removal of debris, mass trapped by the jaws. Assessments were performed between 6 am and 6 pm each month. M. rufiventris can reach distances of 2 500 meters, however the return decreases as the distance increases. The species performs all activities in and out of the colony during all seasons of the year and periods between 6 am and 6 pm but reduce nectar/water collection and exit from the box without apparent load and with debris between 6:00 am and 10 am in winter. It is concluded that distances greater than 1 500 meters hinder the external activity of bees which is influenced by air temperature, air humidity, time of day, season of the year and food availability.

Resumo Objetivou-se com esse estudo verificar o raio de voo e a influência da estação climática e período do dia na atividade externa das abelhas Melipona rufiventris. As abelhas forrageiras foram soltas em diferentes distâncias para avaliar o raio de voo. Para as atividades externas nas quatro diferentes estações do ano (Inverno, Outono, Primavera, Verão) foram consideradas: a entrada sem carga aparente como néctar/água, a entrada com massa definida e opaca na corbícula caracterizada como pólen, a entrada com massa indefinida e brilhante na corbícula caracterizada como resina/argila ou ainda a saída de abelha sem carga e remoção de detritos, massa presa pelas mandíbulas. As avaliações foram realizadas entre 6h e 18h de cada mês. M. rufiventris pode atingir distâncias de 2500 metros, porém o retorno diminui à medida que a distância aumenta. A espécie realiza todas as atividades dentro e fora da colônia durante todas as estações do ano e períodos entre 6h e 18h, mas reduz a coleta de néctar/água e saída caixa sem carga aparente e com detritos entre 6h e 10h no inverno. Conclui-se que distâncias superiores a 1500 metros reduzem a atividade externa das abelhas que é influenciada pela temperatura e umidade do ar, hora do dia, estação do ano e disponibilidade de alimentos.

ABSTRACT The use of spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome as green manure is a promising practice in increasing the productivity of agricultural systems and sustainable exploitation of the environment. This study aimed to estimate the maximum physical and economic efficiencies of radish agroeconomic characteristics in monocropping as a function of roostertree (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br) biomass amounts in two cropping seasons in a semi-arid environment. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of different roostertree biomass amounts: 16, 29, 42, 55, and 68 t ha-1 on a dry basis, incorporated into the soil. In each block, two additional treatments were added, one without fertilization (control) and the other with mineral fertilizer, for comparison purposes with the maximum efficiency treatment. The radish cultivar planted was ‘Crimson Gigante’. The fertilization of the radish to obtain the maximum optimized productive efficiency (9.56 t ha-1) was possible with the incorporation of 50.86 t ha-1 of C. procera dry biomass into the soil. The maximum optimized agroeconomic efficiency (based on a net income of 37,641.08 R$ ha-1) of radish cultivation was obtained with 44.39 t ha-1 of C. procera dry biomass added to the soil. The rate of return and the profit margin obtained were 2.94 R$ for each real invested, with a profit margin of 62.55%. The use of biomass from the C. procera green manure is a viable technology for producers who practice radish monoculture in a semi-arid environment.

RESUMO O uso de espécies espontâneas do bioma Caatinga como adubo verde é uma prática promissora no aumento da produtividade dos sistemas agrícolas e na exploração sustentável do meio ambiente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar as máximas eficiências físicas e econômicas das características agroeconômicas do rabanete em monocultivo, em função de quantidades de biomassa de flor-deseda em duas estações de cultivos em ambiente semiárido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de diferentes quantidades de biomassa de flor-de-seda: 16, 29, 42, 55 e 68 t ha-1 em base seca, incorporadas ao solo. Em cada bloco dos experimentos foram adicionados dois tratamentos, um sem adubação (tratamento testemunha) e outro com adubo mineral, para fins de comparação com o tratamento de máxima eficiência. A cultivar de rabanete plantada foi a Crimson Gigante. A adubação do rabanete para obtenção da máxima eficiência produtiva otimizada (9,56 t ha-1) foi possível com a incorporação de 50,86 t ha-1 de biomassa seca de C. procera ao solo. A máxima eficiência agroeconômica otimizada (baseada na renda líquida de 37.641,08 R$ ha-1) foi obtida com a quantidade de 44,39 t ha-1 de biomassa seca de C. procera adicionada ao solo. A taxa de retorno e a margem de lucro obtida foram de R$ 2,94 para cada real investido com margem de lucro de 62,55%. A utilização da biomassa do adubo verde, C. procera, é uma tecnologia viável para produtores que praticam o monocultivo de rabanete em ambiente semiárido.

Abstract This paper presents an equipment for monitoring synchronous generators condition through characteristics of the time derivative of the external magnetic field. The developed monitoring methodology allows the identification of established or incipient faults, by detecting changes in the magnetic signature of the synchronous generator. In this methodology, the measurement of signals outside the machine gives this equipment a non-invasive characteristic, allowing its monitoring without interfering or disturbing its operation. The developed system includes the specification of magnetic field sensors, signal measurement and processing equipment, as well as software for analysis and monitoring. The validation of the methodology used in this system was carried out through the analysis of experimental data, presenting efficient results in the detection of electrical and mechanical faults in synchronous generators of an experimental test bench and a hydroelectric power plant. As a result, the commercial specification of this equipment was obtained and two units were implemented in a hydroelectric power plant to monitor 305 MVA synchronous generators.

RESUMO Embora a fração de lixiviação (FL) seja utilizada para remover sais da zona radicular em condições de salinidade, quando inadequadamente calculada, pode diminuir a eficiência do uso da água e levar a grandes perdas de nutrientes essenciais. No presente estudo avaliou-se o uso da água, as concentrações de nutrientes foliares em plantas de milho e as perdas de nutrientes em função de duas formas de determinação da FL em plantas de milho cultivadas em colunas de solo sob estresse salino. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com sete repetições. As parcelas foram formadas por duas formas de determinação da FL e as subparcelas por quatro condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 dS m-1). As FL foram determinadas de acordo com 1) a fórmula proposta por Rhoades (RHO) e 2) aplicando uma FL de 0,15 calculado de acordo com o balanço hídrico do solo (SWB). A concentração foliar de N, P, Ca e Mg foi maior nas plantas onde utilizou-se o SWB do que no método de RHO. A concentração foliar de N, P e K diminuiu de acordo com o aumento da salinidade da água, independentemente do método de determinação da FL. A adição de uma FL de 0,15 de acordo com o SWB resultou em diminuição das perdas de nutrientes e maior produtividade física da água, em relação ao RHO. Assim, uma determinação mais precisa da FL aumenta os retornos econômicos da cultura do milho no semiárido quando se utiliza água salina para irrigação.

ABSTRACT Although leaching fraction (LF) is used to remove salts from the root zone under conditions of salinity, if miscalculated, it can decrease water use efficiency and lead to major losses of essential nutrients. This study evaluated the water use efficiency, leaf nutrient concentrations in maize plants, and nutrient losses as a function of two ways of determining the LF in maize crop grown in soil columns under salt stress. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with treatments arranged in split plots, with seven replicates. The plots were formed by two methods of determination of LF, and the subplots by four electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 dS m-1). The leaching fractions were established according to 1) the formula proposed by Rhoades (RHO) and 2) by applying a LF of 0.15 calculated according to the soil water balance (SWB). The leaf concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg were higher in plants under SWB than under RHO method. The leaf concentrations of N, P, and K decreased with increased salinity, regardless of the LF. Adding a LF of 0.15 according to SWB resulted in decreased losses of nutrients and higher physical water productivity, as compared to the RHO. Thus, a more precise determination of the LF is needed to increase economic returns for maize cultivation in semi-arid regions when using brackish water for irrigation.

Abstract The greatest challenge in onion breeding programs is achieving gains from plant selection in an efficient manner. Selection indices are already in use for many species but are rare in onion. The aim of this study was to characterize the gain from selection in onion germplasm through nonparametric indices. To bring about this dynamic, four experiments were conducted with different sets of genotypes. Several agronomic characteristics were evaluated. Estimates of gains and selection of genotypes were obtained from the selection index based on rank sum, from the genotype-ideotype distance index, and from the multiplicative index. To test the efficiency of the indices used, the coefficient of coincidence was calculated. The total gains from selection were greater through use of the multiplicative index, with values of 31.84% for the advanced lines and 37.4% for the segregating genotypes. It was possible to select superior onion lines in each experiment. The coefficients of coincidence, all with values greater than 0.5, confirmed that the indices provided a margin of safety in the selection of superior genotypes.

Resumen El mayor desafío en los programas de mejoramiento de cebollas es obtener beneficios de la selección de manera satisfactoria. Los índices de selección ya se utilizan en diversas especies, pero son raros en cebolla. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la ganancia de la selección en germoplasma de cebolla a través de índices no paramétricos. Para lograr esta dinámica, se llevaron a cabo cuatro experimentos con diferentes conjuntos de genotipos. Se evaluaron varias características agronómicas. Las estimaciones de ganancias y selección de genotipos se obtuvieron a partir del índice de selección basado en la suma de rangos, del índice de distancia genotipo-ideotipo y del índice multiplicativo. Para probar la eficiencia de los índices utilizados, se calculó el coeficiente de coincidencia. Las ganancias totales de la selección fueron mayores mediante el uso del índice multiplicativo, siendo los valores de 31,84% para las líneas avanzadas y 37,4% para los genotipos segregantes. Fue posible seleccionar líneas de cebolla superiores en cada experimento. Los coeficientes de coincidencia, todos con valores superiores a 0,5, confirmaron que los índices proporcionaron un margen de seguridad en la selección de genotipos superiores.

Species of the genus Leishmania parasitize mammals and have life cycles that alternate between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Most species develop in a hematophagous arthropod and infect a specific vertebrate host that may belong to diverse orders and families. Visceral leishmaniasis is a chronic zoonosis with a wide geographic distribution, affecting 350 million people globally, mostly in areas with a high risk of infection. In Brazil, this disease not only has a high incidence but is also expanding to new areas, both in urban centers and rural areas, including territories with tribal communities, due to increasing human intervention. The objective of this study was to perform cathepsin L-like gene-based molecular diagnosis of Leishmania infantum in the indigenous Tapirapé ethnic group in the state of Mato Grosso. From the 372 individuals assessed, only 0.8% (3/372) tested positive for L. infantum, all from the same village (Urubu Branco). Despite the small number of infected individuals, this study demonstrates the first human cases of Leishmania infantum infection in this population, suggesting the need for regular monitoring of visceral leishmaniasis in the area and leading to a broad discussion on the planning and implementation of public health measures for the indigenous population, while respecting their distinctive territories and culture.

Abstract The present work evaluated the structure and heterogeneities, surface chemistry, hydrophobicity level, and corrosion protection in a saline environment of electrodeposited sol-gel superhydrophobic coatings on carbon steel, using microscopy techniques, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), water contact angle measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, the effect of silane precursor concentration on the aforementioned response variables was tested. Regarding the structure, results point out rough deposits composed of two layers with different properties and thicknesses, and preferential deposition on the top area of the carbon steel coupon. Elemental mapping proved the chemical stability of the film in NaCl 3.5%wt., while increasing the amounts of silane precursor up to 40 mmol showed also increased results for water contact angle (157o), impedance modulus at 0.01 Hz (107 Ohm.cm2), and film thickness (70 µm). However, the addition of greater amounts resulted in miscibility issues in the hydrolysis solution.