ABSTRACT The main goal of this study was to verify the association between serum and dietary concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and iron, and to determinate whether patients with kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis had inadequacy in dietary intake. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study that evaluated 40 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Food consumption was determined by the 24-hour recall. The optical technology method was used to obtain hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations. Serum levels of iron, calcium and phosphorus were determined by dry chemistry. We observed insufficient consumption of energy, macronutrients and minerals. Energy intake of patients with longer hemodialysis was higher. The sample presented hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia (except in the group ≥8 years of hemodialysis), higher iron concentrations and lower hemoglobin and hematocrit values. The serum levels of minerals were not affected by dietary intake. There was a significant correlation between dietary phosphorus and calcium in patients undergoing hemodialysis for more than 8 years, those over 60 years old and, between calcium and phosphorus normal levels in patients over 60 years old. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and mineral serum levels were similar regardless of age and hemodialysis time. It was concluded that inadequacies of minerals reflected deregulation among metabolism and the pathophysiological changes inherent to Chronic Kidney Disease.

RESUMEN El objetivo principal de este estudio fue verificar la asociación entre las concentraciones séricas y dietéticas de calcio, fósforo y hierro, y determinar su ingesta dietética inadecuada en pacientes con enfermedad renal sometidos a hemodiálisis. Se trató de un estudio descriptivo transversal que evaluó a 40 pacientes en hemodiálisis. El consumo de alimentos se determinó mediante el recordatorio de 24 horas. Se utilizó el método de tecnología óptica para obtener concentraciones de hemoglobina y hematocrito. Los niveles séricos de hierro, calcio y fósforo se determinaron mediante química seca. El estudio mostró un consumo insuficiente de energía, macronutrientes y minerales. La ingesta energética de los pacientes con hemodiálisis más prolongada fue mayor. La muestra presentó hipocalcemia, hiperfosfatemia (excepto en el grupo ≥8 años de hemodiálisis), mayor concentración de hierro y menores valores de hemoglobina y hematocrito. Los niveles séricos de minerales no se vieron afectados por su ingesta dietética. Hubo una correlación significativa entre el fósforo dietético y el calcio en los pacientes en hemodiálisis durante más de 8 años y los mayores de 60 años y, también, entre los niveles normales de calcio y fósforo en los pacientes mayores de 60 años. Los niveles séricos de hemoglobina, hematocrito y minerales fueron similares independientemente de la edad y el tiempo de hemodiálisis. Se concluyó que las deficiencias de los minerales parecen reflejarse en la desregulación de su metabolismo y los cambios fisiopatológicos inherentes a la Enfermedad Renal Crónica.

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted using direct method to determine the standardized ileal phosphorus (P) digestibility coefficient (SIPDC) of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry byproduct meal (PBM) for broilers. In the first experiment, three MBM from different batches were evaluated, with four treatments (MBMI, MBMII, MBMIII, and a P-free diet) and nine replicates of seven birds each, totaling 252 birds distributed across a completely randomized design. The P-free diet was used to determine endogenous P losses. Titanium dioxide (5 g kg−1) was used as an indigestible indicator. In the second experiment, three PBM from different batches were evaluated, with 189 birds distributed over three treatments (PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII) and nine replicates of seven birds each. These two experiments were conducted when birds were 19-22 days old. The birds were euthanized to collect the ileal content. Using the P-free diet, endogenous P losses were determined at 94.9 mg kg−1 dry matter intake. Standardized ileal P digestibility of MBMI (0.65) and MBMIII (0.69) was higher compared with MBMII (0.49). The SIPDC determined for three PBM sources were similar and 0.96, 0.96, and 0.93 for PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII, respectively. The present study demonstrates that P in MBM is not as available as it is believed and that the variability between batches should be considered by nutritionists, while PBM can be considered an excellent P source to broiler diets.

Resumo Objetivo analisar as relações entre a esperança e o bem-estar psicológico de estudantes de enfermagem portugueses durante a crise pandêmica pela COVID-19. Método estudo descritivo-correlacional, com recurso a questionário online para coleta de dados. Participaram 705 estudantes de enfermagem com idade média de 21,74 anos (DP=4,44). Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram a Escala de Esperança de Herth (HHI-PT) e a Escala de Medida de Manifestação de Bem-Estar Psicológico (EMMBEP). Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados na HHI-PT, o domínio afectivo-comportamental obteve a pontuação média mais alta, 3,30 (DP=0,45); no EMMBEP, foi o domínio sociabilidade, 3,64 (DP=0,77). Havia correlações moderadas a fortes (0,383 <r <0,917) entre o global e todos os domínios da esperança e bem-estar psicológico (≤0.001). Conclusão e implicações para a prática a esperança e o bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes de enfermagem durante a pandemia são variáveis correlacionados positivamente entre si. As medidas de promoção da saúde mental, a implementar pelas instituições de ensino, devem ter em consideração a associação entre essas duas variáveis.

Abstract Aim to analyze the relationship between hope and the psychological well-being of Portuguese nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Method this is a descriptive-correlational study using an online questionnaire for data collection. 705 nursing students participated, with a mean age of 21.74 years (SD=4.44). The data collection instruments used were the Herth Hope Index (HHI-PT) and the Well-Being Manifestations Measure Scale (WBMMS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results in the HHI-PT, the affective-behavioral domain had the highest mean score (3.30; SD=0.45), while in the WBMMS, it was the sociability domain, 3.64 (SD=0.77). There were moderate to strong correlations (0.383 <r <0.917) between the global and all domains of hope and psychological well-being (≤0.001). Conclusion and implications for practice nursing students’ hope and psychological well-being during the pandemic are variables that are positively correlated with each other. Strategies to promote mental health, to be implemented by educational institutions, must consider the association between these two variables.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la relación entre la esperanza y el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes portugueses de enfermería durante la crisis pandémica por COVID-19. Método estudio descriptivo-correlacional mediante cuestionario online para la recogida de datos. Participaron 705 estudiantes de enfermería, con una edad promedio de 21,74 años (DE=4,44). Los instrumentos de recolección de datos utilizados fueron la Escala de Esperanza de Herth (HHI-PT) y la Escala de Medida de Manifestación de Bienestar Psicológico (EMMBEP). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados en HHI-PT, fue el dominio afectivo-conductual el que obtuvo la puntuación promedio más alta, 3.30 (DE=0.45), en EMMBEP, fue el dominio de sociabilidad, 3.64 (DE=0.77). Hubo correlaciones de moderadas a fuertes (0.383 <r <0.917) entre el dominio global y todos los dominios de la esperanza y el bienestar psicológico (≤0.001). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la esperanza y el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes de enfermería durante la pandemia son variables que se correlacionan positivamente entre sí. Las medidas de promoción de la salud mental, a ser implementadas por las instituciones educativas, deben tener en cuenta la asociación entre estas dos variables.

ABSTRACT This study proposes to update knowledge about the relationship between microbiota and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). This is a review carried out using the methodology of the Preferred Report Item for Systematic Analysis and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and search for original articles, indexed in the Pubmed, Cochrane and Science Direct databases, published between 2011 and 2019, in English. Ten articles showed changes in bacterial composition and its influence on the development and progression of CRC, and only two addressed changes in the composition of fungi and their relationship with CRC. Most studies have shown that the increase in Fusobacterium nucleatum and bacteroides fragilis is strongly associated with the occurrence of CRC due to inflammatory mechanisms; and that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a protective factor through the production of butyrate. Additional research is recommended to assess the relationship of microorganisms with the development of CRC, with an emphasis on fungi.

RESUMEN Este estudio propone actualizar el conocimiento sobre la relación entre la microbiota y el Cancer Colorectal (CCR). Esta es una revisión realizada utilizando la metodología del Elemento de Informe Preferido para el Análisis Sistemático y el Meta-análises (PRISMA) y la búsqueda de artículos originales, indexados en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cochrane y Science Direct, publicados entre 2011 y 2019, en inglés. Diez artículos mostraron cambios en la composición bacteriana y su influencia en el desarrollo y la progresión del CCR, y solo dos abordaron los cambios en la composición de los hongos y su relación con el CCR. La mayoría de los estudios han demostrado que el aumento de Fusobacterium nucleatum y bacteroides fragilis está fuertemente asociado con la aparición de CCR debido a mecanismos inflamatorios; y que Faecalibacterium prausnitzii es un factor protector a través de la producción de butirato. Se recomienda investigación adicional para evaluar la relación de los microorganismos con el desarrollo de CCR, con énfasis en los hongos.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of xylanase and probiotic supplementation on the performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal pH, intestinal viscosity, and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat bran. The study animals were kept in metal cages, and the study was performed using a completely randomized design, with four treatments, six birds per treatment, and six replicates. The four treatments included a control group, a probiotic-supplemented group, a xylanase-supplemented group, and a group that received both xylanase and probiotic supplementation. The diets of all four groups contained wheat bran (50 and 30 g/kg for the starter and grower phases, respectively) and phytase, and at 10 d after hatching, the experimental birds were challenged orally with Eimeria sp commercial vaccine. During the initial phase, supplementation with xylanase, probiotics, or their combination yielded greater weight gains than the control diet; however, considering the period from 10-35 d, the chickens receiving xylanase + probiotic and the diet without the additives showed lower weight gain (2.746 and 2.600 kg, respectively). All the supplemented diets reduced cecum viscosity, and supplementation with probiotic showed a significantly lower pH (6.11). The ileal microbiota was also influenced by xylanase and probiotic supplementation, modulating the frequencies of the genera Lactobacillus and Clostridium. The positive effects of supplementation with xylanase or probiotics alone were similar to those of co-supplementation, and no associative effect was observed.

Abstract Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells distributed in all tissues and characterized by adherence, morphology, immunophenotype and trilineage differentiation potential. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize adherent MSC-like populations from different tissues of Ctenomys minutus, a threatened wildlife rodent popularly known as tuco-tuco. Adherent cells were isolated from bone marrow, brain, liver, pancreas and adipose tissue of three adult animals collect in southern Brazil. Cultures showed typical morphology and proliferation potential. Adipose-derived MSCs showed trilineage potential. Cultures derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow and brain were immunophenotyped with negative results for CD31, CD44, CD45, CD106, and MHC class II, as well as strong positive results for CD29. Low fluorescence levels were seen for CD49d, CD90.2 and CD117. Cultures were negative for CD49e, except for brain-derived cultures that were weakly positive. CD11b was negative in adipose-derived MSCs, but positive in brain and bone marrow-derived cultures. The scratch assay showed high migration potential for pancreas and adipose tissue-derived cells. This study represents the first report of isolation and characterization of cultures having characteristics of MSCs from Ctenomys minutus. The collection of biological information for biobanks represents an important contribution to the creation of strategies for prevention of loss of genetic diversity.

Resumo: Um monitoramento eficaz da segurança do paciente precisa focar a implantação de práticas baseadas em evidências que evitem danos desnecessários ligados à assistência à saúde. O objetivo do Projeto ISEP-Brasil foi desenvolver e validar indicadores de boas práticas de segurança do paciente para o contexto brasileiro. Tomou por base a tradução e adaptação dos indicadores validados no Projeto ISEP-Espanha, além do documento Safe Practices for Better Healthcare do National Quality Forum dos Estados Unidos, que possui 34 recomendações de boas práticas. Realizou-se validação por um painel de 25 especialistas e análise da confiabilidade e viabilidade em um estudo-piloto realizado em três hospitais com diferentes tipos de gestão (estadual, federal e privada). Aprovaram-se 75 indicadores de boas práticas (39 de estrutura; 36 de processo) para 31 das 34 recomendações. Os indicadores foram considerados válidos, confiáveis e úteis para o monitoramento da segurança do paciente em hospitais brasileiros.

Abstract: Efficacious patient safety monitoring should focus on the implementation of evidence-based practices that avoid unnecessary harm related to healthcare. The ISEP-Brazil project aimed to develop and validate indicators for best patient safety practices in Brazil. The basis was the translation and adaptation of the indicators validated in the ISEP-Spain project and the document Safe Practices for Better Healthcare (U.S. National Quality Forum), recommending 34 best practices. A 25-member expert panel validated the indicators. Reliability and feasibility were based on a pilot study in three hospitals with different management formats (state, federal, and private). Seventy-five best practice indicators were approved (39 structure; 36 process) for 31 of the 34 recommendations. The indicators were considered valid, reliable, and useful for monitoring patient safety in Brazilian hospitals.

Resumen: Un monitoreo eficaz de la seguridad del paciente necesita centrarse en la implantación de prácticas basadas en evidencias que eviten daños innecesarios, relacionados con la asistencia a la salud. El objetivo del Proyecto ISEP-Brasil fue desarrollar y validar indicadores de buenas prácticas de seguridad del paciente para el contexto brasileño. Tomó como base la traducción y adaptación de los indicadores validados en el Proyecto ISEP-España y el documento Safe Practices for Better Healthcare del National Quality Forum de los Estados Unidos, que posee 34 recomendaciones de buenas prácticas. Se realizó la validación mediante una selección de 25 especialistas y análisis de confiabilidad y viabilidad, en un estudio piloto en tres hospitales con diferentes tipos de gestión (estatal, federal y privada). Se aprobaron 75 indicadores de buenas prácticas (39 de estructura; 36 de proceso) para 31 de las 34 recomendaciones. Los indicadores fueron considerados válidos, confiables y útiles para el monitoreo de la seguridad del paciente en hospitales brasileños.

Resumo: Um monitoramento eficaz da segurança do paciente precisa focar a implantação de práticas baseadas em evidências que evitem danos desnecessários ligados à assistência à saúde. O objetivo do Projeto ISEP-Brasil foi desenvolver e validar indicadores de boas práticas de segurança do paciente para o contexto brasileiro. Tomou por base a tradução e adaptação dos indicadores validados no Projeto ISEP-Espanha, além do documento Safe Practices for Better Healthcare do National Quality Forum dos Estados Unidos, que possui 34 recomendações de boas práticas. Realizou-se validação por um painel de 25 especialistas e análise da confiabilidade e viabilidade em um estudo-piloto realizado em três hospitais com diferentes tipos de gestão (estadual, federal e privada). Aprovaram-se 75 indicadores de boas práticas (39 de estrutura; 36 de processo) para 31 das 34 recomendações. Os indicadores foram considerados válidos, confiáveis e úteis para o monitoramento da segurança do paciente em hospitais brasileiros.

Abstract: Efficacious patient safety monitoring should focus on the implementation of evidence-based practices that avoid unnecessary harm related to healthcare. The ISEP-Brazil project aimed to develop and validate indicators for best patient safety practices in Brazil. The basis was the translation and adaptation of the indicators validated in the ISEP-Spain project and the document Safe Practices for Better Healthcare (U.S. National Quality Forum), recommending 34 best practices. A 25-member expert panel validated the indicators. Reliability and feasibility were based on a pilot study in three hospitals with different management formats (state, federal, and private). Seventy-five best practice indicators were approved (39 structure; 36 process) for 31 of the 34 recommendations. The indicators were considered valid, reliable, and useful for monitoring patient safety in Brazilian hospitals.

Resumen: Un monitoreo eficaz de la seguridad del paciente necesita centrarse en la implantación de prácticas basadas en evidencias que eviten daños innecesarios, relacionados con la asistencia a la salud. El objetivo del Proyecto ISEP-Brasil fue desarrollar y validar indicadores de buenas prácticas de seguridad del paciente para el contexto brasileño. Tomó como base la traducción y adaptación de los indicadores validados en el Proyecto ISEP-España y el documento Safe Practices for Better Healthcare del National Quality Forum de los Estados Unidos, que posee 34 recomendaciones de buenas prácticas. Se realizó la validación mediante una selección de 25 especialistas y análisis de confiabilidad y viabilidad, en un estudio piloto en tres hospitales con diferentes tipos de gestión (estatal, federal y privada). Se aprobaron 75 indicadores de buenas prácticas (39 de estructura; 36 de proceso) para 31 de las 34 recomendaciones. Los indicadores fueron considerados válidos, confiables y útiles para el monitoreo de la seguridad del paciente en hospitales brasileños.

Objetivou-se utilizar Farinhas de Talos (FT) na confecção de cookies. As farinhas foram obtidas a partir de talos de couve manteiga e espinafre desidratados. Confeccionaram-se 3 tipos de cookies por modificação da formulação padrão de sugar-sanap cookie, método 10-50D (AMERICAN..., 1995): cookie controle, cookie com 15% de FTC e com 15% de FTE. Realizou-se a composição centesimal nas FT segundo as metodologias descritas da AOAC (ASSOCIATION..., 1995), sendo as fibras alimentares analisadas pelo método de van Soest (1963). Nos cookies, procedeu-se às seguintes análises: peso, espessura, diâmetro, volume e densidade aparente segundo método 10-50D da AACC (AMERICAN..., 1995), acidez titulável e pH através da técnica do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (SÃO PAULO, 1985), rendimento e fator térmico. A composição centesimal dos cookies seguiu normas da AOAC (ASSOCIATION..., 1995) e, para aceitação dos experimentais, utilizou-se escala hedônica de 9 pontos. Constatou-se que as FT possuem baixa densidade energética e alto teor de fibra alimentar e cinzas. Os cookies experimentais apresentaram maior (p < 0,05) espessura, maior valor (p < 0,05) para a acidez titulável e menor (p < 0,05) valor para o pH, quando comparados ao controle. A composição centesimal revelou menor teor de gordura e densidade calórica e maior teor de umidade e fibra nos cookies experimentais. A aceitação dos cookies foi considerada satisfatória, destacando-se o cookie contendo FTE.

The objective of the study was to use Stalk Flours (SF) to prepare cookies. The ST was made with dehydrated Kale Stalks (KSF) and Spinach Stalks (SSF). Three kinds of cookies were prepared by modification of the sugar-snap cookie formula, 10-50D method (AMERICAN..., 1995): control cookie, cookie with 15% of KSF, and cookie with 15% of SSF. The centesimal composition was performed on the SF by the AOAC (ASSOCIATION..., 1995) and the nourishing fibers were prepared according to van Soest (1963). The following parameters were analyzed: weight, thickness, diameter, volume, and apparent density according to the 10-50D method of the AACC (AMERICAN..., 1995), titratable acidity and pH using the Adolfo Lutz Institute (2005) technique, and also revenue and caloric factor. The determination of the centesimal composition of the cookies followed the AOAC regulations (ASSOCIATION..., 1995), and a 9-point hedonic scale of was used for the acceptance testing. It was observed that the SF had a low energetic density and a high value of nourishing fiber and ashes. The cookies analyzed showed a higher value of thickness (p < 0,05), higher value (p < 0,05) of titratable acidity, and a lower value (p < 0,05) of pH compared to the control. The centesimal composition showed a lower value of fat and caloric density and a higher value of humidity and fiber in the cookies tested. The acceptance of the cookies was satisfactory, especially that with SSF.

A farinha da entrecasca de melancia (FEM) foi obtida, sua composição determinada e utilizada em formulação de bolos. Elaboraram-se bolos sem a FEM (controle) e contendo 7 e 30% de FEM em substituição à farinha de trigo (experimentais). A composição química, características físicas, físico-químicas foram determinadas. Na avaliação sensorial, cem provadores não treinados receberam amostras em blocos balanceados e realizaram testes sensoriais, utilizando escala hedônica de 9 pontos e comparação múltipla. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por estatísticas descritivas, ANOVA, testes de Tukey e Dunnet. Os resultados revelaram que 100 g da FEM continham 9,06 g de umidade, 12,72 g de cinzas, 0,7 g de lipídios, 1,20 g de proteínas, 31,01 g de fibras insolúveis, 45,21 g de glicídios totais e 192,75 kcal. Nos bolos experimentais, os pesos, alturas, diâmetros e rendimentos foram maiores e o índice de expansão menor, bem como, o volume aparente do bolo com 30% FEM foi menor. Os bolos experimentais apresentaram menor pH, maior acidez titulável, maiores teores de fibra e umidade, menores de glicídios totais e reduzido valor energético. Os bolos obtiveram boa aceitação e mais de 60% dos provadores comprariam os bolos. O bolo com 7% FEM foi ligeiramente melhor que o controle, diferindo no aroma e sabor do que continha 30% FEM. Portanto, o uso de FEM para produção de bolos, nas condições dessa pesquisa, é viável do ponto de vista tecnológico, nutricional e sensorial.

The flour of watermelon inner skin was obtained, its composition was determined, and it was used in the cake formulation. Cakes without watermelon inner skin (control) and others containing 7 and 30% of watermelon inner skin(experimental), a non-wheat flour substitute, were elaborated. The chemical composition, physical, and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. In the sensory evaluation, one hundred non-trained panelists were assigned blocks of four samples and performed sensorial tests using a nine point hedonic scale and multiple comparison. The obtained data were evaluated by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Tukey and Dunnet tests. The results revealed that 100 g of the watermelon inner skin flour contained 9,06 g of moisture, 12,72 g ashes, 0,7 g fats, 1,2 g proteins, 31,01 g insoluble fibers, 45,21 g total carbohydrates, and 192,75 kcal. The weight, height, and yield were higher and the diameter was greater in the experimental cakes, whereas the spreading factor and the apparent volume of the cake with 30% of watermelon inner skin flour were lower. The experimental cakes presented lower pH, higher titratable acidity, higher contents of fiber and moisture, lower contents of total carbohydrates, and reduced energetic value. The cakes presented good acceptance and more than 60% of the panelists would buy the cakes. The cake with 7% of watermelon inner skin flour was slightly better than the control and differed from the cake containing 30% of watermelon inner skin flour in aroma and flavor. Therefore, the use of watermelon inner skin flour for cake production, under the conditions of this research, is viable from the technological, nutritional, and sensorial point of view.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito fisiológico da Farinha de Semente de Abóbora (FSA) no trato intestinal de ratos Wistar machos recém desmamados, submetidos a dietas experimentais contendo Farinhas de Semente de Abóbora (FSAs) integral, peneirada e residual, por 10 dias. As dietas experimentais foram obtidas substituindo-se 30% do valor total de amido e dextrina, da ração controle, pela FSA correspondente. As farinhas e rações controle e experimentais foram caracterizadas quimicamente. Os animais divididos em grupos foram avaliados quanto ao crescimento, consumo, material fecal e pH cecal. As FSAs e rações experimentais apresentaram relevantes teores de fibras alimentares, proteínas e lipídios. Dietas contendo FSAs integral, peneirada e residual levaram a um ganho ponderal e ingestão similar entre todos os grupos. Em relação ao grupo controle, os animais experimentais submetidos a dietas contendo FSAs apresentaram maior volume e peso fecais (p < 0,05), além de significativa excreção de fibra insolúvel, em especial o grupo FSA residual. Apenas a FSA residual proporcionou queda (p < 0,05) do pH cecal. Os resultados obtidos indicam o potencial da FSA como fonte de fibra e sua capacidade em atuar aumentando peso e volume fecal, promovendo laxação.

This study has the aim to evaluate the physiological effects of the Pumpkin Seed Flour (PSF) on the intestinal tract of newly weaned male Wistar rats fed on diets containing whole Sifted and Residual - PSF for ten days. The experimental diets were prepared substituting 30% of the total content of starch and dextrin of the control diet for the corresponding PSF. The control and the experimental diets were chemically characterized. The animals were divided into four groups in order to evaluate growth, ingestion, feces, and cecal pH. The PSFs and the experimental diets presented high contents of alimentary fibers, proteins, and lipids. Similar ingestions of diets containing whole Sifted and Residual - PSF resulted in body weight gain. Rats on diets containing PSFs showed higher feces volume and weight (p > 0.05) in addition to an expressive insoluble fiber excretion, especially in the Residual - PSF group. Only the Residual PSF presented a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the cecal pH. These results indicate the PSFs potential as a fiber source and its ability to increase the fecal weight and volume promoting a laxative effect.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da farinha de semente de abóbora (Cucurbita maxima, L.) sobre o metabolismo glicídico e lipídico em ratos. MÉTODOS: Vinte ratos Wistar machos recém-desmamados, distribuídos em quatro grupos, receberam por 10 dias, rações controle e experimental com farinhas de semente de abóbora integral, peneirada ou residual substituindo 30% do valor total de amido e dextrina da dieta controle. As dietas foram isocalóricas. Foram determinados os macronutrientes e a fibra insolúvel nas farinhas. As dietas tiveram a composição química calculada a partir dos dados dos rótulos dos produtos, da tabela de composição de alimentos e da análise química das farinhas de semente de abóbora. O peso corporal e a ingestão dos animais foram tomados a cada 48 horas. O sangue, coletado por punção cardíaca, teve os níveis de triacilgliceróis, colesterol e glicose analisados por métodos enzimáticos. RESULTADOS: As farinhas de semente de abóbora foram boas fontes de proteínas, lipídeos e, especialmente, fibras alimentares. Os animais tiveram ganho ponderal e ingestão semelhante (p>0,05). Os níveis de glicose e triacilgliceróis foram reduzidos significantemente para os grupos que receberam dietas com farinhas de semente de abóbora integral e peneirada. CONCLUSÃO: Frente às suas propriedades química e funcional, concluiu-se que a farinha de semente de abóbora interferiu no metabolismo do rato diminuindo significantemente os níveis de glicose e triacilgliceróis séricos.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima, L.) seed flour effect on the rat glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS: Twenty recent weaned male Wistar rats, divided in four groups, received for 10 days control and experimental diets containing whole, sifted and residual pumpkin seed flour on the rate of 30% of the total starch and dextrin in the control diet. All diets were isocaloric. Macronutrients and insoluble fiber were determined in the flours. All diets had their chemical composition calculated based on data from product labels, of food composition table and of the chemical analysis of the pumpkin seed flours. The animals´ growth and ingestion had been evaluated in 48 hours intervals. Blood samples drawn by cardiac puncture had their triacilglycerides, cholesterol and glucose levels measured by enzymatic methods. RESULTS: The pumpkin seed flour are good protein, lipids and, specially, dietary fiber sources.The animals' growth and food ingestion were similar along all the experiment (p>0.05). Glucose and triacilglycerides were significantly decreased in the groups taking diets with whole- and sifted-pumpkin seed flour respectively. CONCLUSION: Taking into account their properties chemistry and functional, it can be concluded that the pumpkin seed flour interfered in the rat metabolism decreasing significantly the serum glucose and triacilglycerides levels.

Três novos casos humanos de infecção por Lagochilascaris minor são apresentados. Todos os pacientes eram oriundos do Estado do Pará, Brasil, e viviam em zona rural ou próximo à mata. As lesões, no momento da consulta, localizavam-se no pescoço, mastóide e ouvido, estando já fistulizadas; em dois casos havia também envolvimento do sistema nervoso central. Amostras de tecidos, retiradas das lesões, revelaram, ao exame histológico, ovos e vermes em vários estádios de sua evolução. A identificação da espécie foi confirmada através do estudo de larvas e adultos eliminados, pelas fístulas cutâneas, de mistura com pus. O tratamento consistiu em excisão cirúrgica das tumorações e administração de antihelmínticos, com bons resultados. Em dois pacientes, no entanto, houve recidiva das lesões, após cura aparente, indicando que as drogas utilizadas não destroem os ovos do parasito.

Three new cases of human infection with Lagochilascaris minor are reported. All the patients were from the State of Pará (Brazil), living in rural areas or close to the forest. They were admitted to hospitals in the Federal District due to the presence of abscesses in the region of the neck, ear, mastoid process and, in two of them, to the involvement also of the central nervous system. Microscopic examination of tissue samples taken from the lesions showed sections of eggs and worms - in different evolutive stages - identified as Lagochilascaris minor. Larvae and adult worms obtained from existing fistulae proved also to be of the same species. The three patients were treated with autihelmintic drugs and surgical excision of the lesions, with good clinical results. In two of them, however, relapsing occurred, suggesting that the drugs do not destroy the worm eggs, in spite of the apparent healing of the lesions.

O estado nutricional, de acordo com os dados antropométricos, foi avaliado em 756 escolares de cinco escolas estaduais de baixa renda e urna escola particular, na mesma área geográfica do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A prevalência de déficit de estatura/idade e de peso/altura (pontos de corte: 90% estatura/idade e 80% peso/estatura) encontrada nas escolas estaduais foi de 6,2 a 15,2% e 3,3 a 24,0%, respectivamente, enquanto que na escola particular foi de 2,3 a 3,5%, respectivamente. Maior número de obesos foi encontrado na escola particular (18%). Os problemas nutricionais parecem ocorrer mais assiduamente com o aumento da idade das crianças. Recomenda-se avaliar os escolares dentro do contexto de um sistema de vigilância nutricional.

The nutritional status according to anthropometric data was assessed in 756 schoolchildren from 5 low-income state schools and in one private school in the same part of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The prevalence of stunting and wasting (cut-off point: <90% ht/age and <80% wt/ht) ranged in the public schools from 6.2 to 15.2% and 3.3 to 24.0%, respectively, whereas the figures for the private school were 2.3 and 3.5%, respectively. Much more obesity was found in the private school (18.0%) than in the state schools (0.8 - 6.2%). Nutritional problems seem to develop more severely in accordance with the increasing age of the children. Therefore it appears advisable to assess schoolchildren within the context of a nutritional surveillance system.

O estado nutricional, de acordo com os dados antropométricos, foi avaliado em 756 escolares de cinco escolas estaduais de baixa renda e urna escola particular, na mesma área geográfica do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A prevalência de déficit de estatura/idade e de peso/altura (pontos de corte: 90% estatura/idade e 80% peso/estatura) encontrada nas escolas estaduais foi de 6,2 a 15,2% e 3,3 a 24,0%, respectivamente, enquanto que na escola particular foi de 2,3 a 3,5%, respectivamente. Maior número de obesos foi encontrado na escola particular (18%). Os problemas nutricionais parecem ocorrer mais assiduamente com o aumento da idade das crianças. Recomenda-se avaliar os escolares dentro do contexto de um sistema de vigilância nutricional.

The nutritional status according to anthropometric data was assessed in 756 schoolchildren from 5 low-income state schools and in one private school in the same part of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The prevalence of stunting and wasting (cut-off point: <90% ht/age and <80% wt/ht) ranged in the public schools from 6.2 to 15.2% and 3.3 to 24.0%, respectively, whereas the figures for the private school were 2.3 and 3.5%, respectively. Much more obesity was found in the private school (18.0%) than in the state schools (0.8 - 6.2%). Nutritional problems seem to develop more severely in accordance with the increasing age of the children. Therefore it appears advisable to assess schoolchildren within the context of a nutritional surveillance system.