ABSTRACT Introduction: HER2 overexpression in mammary carcinoma is associated to a higher biological activity of the tumor and to an unfavorable prognosis. Objective: to determine the incidence of pure overexpression of HER2/neu oncogene in mammary carcinomas in “Celestino Hernández” Hospital from Villa Clara Province and its relationship with other variables of prognostic value. Methods: descriptive, retrospective study was carried out at the “Celestino Hernández” Hospital between January 2017 and June 2019. It was included 293 women with diagnosis of infiltrating breast carcinoma, the biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemical study to determine the incidence of HER2 oncogene overexpression and its relationship with other variables of prognostic value. Results: 22 cases (7.5%) with exclusive overexpression of the HER2/neu oncogene were found in the series. Of the patients with carcinomas with HER2 overexpression, 17 (77.3%) were older than 50 years, 20 (90.9%) had tumor size greater than 2 centimeters and 21 (95.45%) were associated with the non-special histological type (ductal carcinoma) of mammary carcinoma. The relationship between HER2/neu oncogene overexpression and moderately and poorly differentiated histological forms of mammary carcinoma stands out. The proliferation index determined by Ki67 was greater than 30% in 17 patients (77.27%). Conclusion: postmenopausal age, non-special histological type, high histological grade, high Ki67 indices and tumor size greater than two centimeters are frequently associated with HER2 overexpression in mammary carcinomas.

RESUMEN Introducción: la sobrexpresión de HER2 en el carcinoma mamario se asocia a una mayor actividad biológica del tumor y a un pronóstico desfavorable. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de sobreexpresión pura del oncogén HER2/neu en carcinomas mamarios en el Hospital “Celestino Hernández” de la Provincia de Villa Clara y su relación con otras variables de valor pronóstico. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital “Celestino Hernández” entre enero de 2017 y junio de 2019. Se incluyeron 293 mujeres con diagnóstico de carcinoma de mama infiltrante, a las biopsias se les realizó estudio inmunohistoquímico para determinar la incidencia de la sobreexpresión del oncogén HER2 y su relación con otras variables de valor pronóstico. Resultados: en la serie se encontraron 22 casos (7,5%) con sobreexpresión exclusiva del oncogén HER2/neu. De las pacientes con carcinomas con sobreexpresión de HER2 17 (77,3%) fueron mayores de 50 años, 20 (90,9%) tuvieron talla tumoral mayor de 2dos centímetros y 21 (95,45%) estuvieron asociadas al tipo histológico no especial (carcinoma ductal) del carcinoma mamario. Destaca la relación entre la sobreexpresión del oncogén HER2/neu con formas histológicas moderada y pobremente diferenciadas del carcinoma mamario. El índice de proliferación determinado por Ki67 fue mayor del 30% en 17 pacientes (77,27%). Conclusión: la edad posmenopáusica, el tipo histológico no especial, el grado histológico alto, los altos índices de Ki67 y la talla tumoral mayor de dos centímetros se asocian con frecuencia a la sobreexpresión de HER2 en carcinomas mamarios.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a validade de conteúdo e a confiabilidade de um instrumento de auditoria para avaliação do ambiente alimentar universitário. Foi desenvolvido checklist para a avaliação de estabelecimentos que comercializavam alimentos e bebidas neste ambiente. A validação de conteúdo abarcou o desenvolvimento do instrumento, a análise por especialistas e a realização do pré-teste. A confiabilidade foi avaliada em uma amostra de conveniência (n=64) de estabelecimentos distribuídos em sete campi de três universidades públicas e foi realizada pelos testes interobservador (TIO) e teste-reteste (TR). Variáveis categóricas e de contagem foram analisadas pelo cálculo da concordância percentual (CP) e dos índices kappa (k) e kappa ajustado pela prevalência e pelo viés (ka) e variáveis contínuas, pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI). O checklist foi composto por 204 itens distribuídos em sete domínios. O desempenho do instrumento foi considerado excelente ou muito bom para 91,3% (CP) dos itens quando avaliados. No TIO 68,3% (k) e 96,5% (ka) tiveram concordância excelente, muito boa ou boa, enquanto no TR 65% tiveram concordância excelente para o k e 96,5% para o ka. O instrumento apresentou validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade satisfatórias.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the content validity and reliability of an instrument for evaluating the university food environment. A checklist was developed to assess establishments that sell food and beverages in the university environment. The content validation encompassed the development of the instrument, expert evaluation and pretest performance. Reliability was evaluated using a convenience sample (n=64) of establishments distributed across seven campuses of three public universities and was carried out using interobserver (IO) and test-retest (TR) evaluations. Categorical and count variables were analyzed by calculating the percentage agreement (PA), kappa coefficient (k) and prevalence-adjusted, bias-adjusted kappa (ka), and continuous variables were analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The checklist consisted of 204 items distributed in seven domains. The instrument’s performance was considered excellent or very good for 91.3% (PA) of the items when evaluated. For IO, 68.3% (k) and 96.5% (ka) had excellent, very good or good agreement, while for TR, 65% (k) and 96.5% (ka) had excellent agreement. The instrument showed satisfactory content validity and reliability for characterizing the food environment at Brazilian universities.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a validade de conteúdo e a confiabilidade de um instrumento de auditoria para avaliação do ambiente alimentar universitário. Foi desenvolvido checklist para a avaliação de estabelecimentos que comercializavam alimentos e bebidas neste ambiente. A validação de conteúdo abarcou o desenvolvimento do instrumento, a análise por especialistas e a realização do pré-teste. A confiabilidade foi avaliada em uma amostra de conveniência (n=64) de estabelecimentos distribuídos em sete campi de três universidades públicas e foi realizada pelos testes interobservador (TIO) e teste-reteste (TR). Variáveis categóricas e de contagem foram analisadas pelo cálculo da concordância percentual (CP) e dos índices kappa (k) e kappa ajustado pela prevalência e pelo viés (ka) e variáveis contínuas, pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI). O checklist foi composto por 204 itens distribuídos em sete domínios. O desempenho do instrumento foi considerado excelente ou muito bom para 91,3% (CP) dos itens quando avaliados. No TIO 68,3% (k) e 96,5% (ka) tiveram concordância excelente, muito boa ou boa, enquanto no TR 65% tiveram concordância excelente para o k e 96,5% para o ka. O instrumento apresentou validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade satisfatórias.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the content validity and reliability of an instrument for evaluating the university food environment. A checklist was developed to assess establishments that sell food and beverages in the university environment. The content validation encompassed the development of the instrument, expert evaluation and pretest performance. Reliability was evaluated using a convenience sample (n=64) of establishments distributed across seven campuses of three public universities and was carried out using interobserver (IO) and test-retest (TR) evaluations. Categorical and count variables were analyzed by calculating the percentage agreement (PA), kappa coefficient (k) and prevalence-adjusted, bias-adjusted kappa (ka), and continuous variables were analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The checklist consisted of 204 items distributed in seven domains. The instrument’s performance was considered excellent or very good for 91.3% (PA) of the items when evaluated. For IO, 68.3% (k) and 96.5% (ka) had excellent, very good or good agreement, while for TR, 65% (k) and 96.5% (ka) had excellent agreement. The instrument showed satisfactory content validity and reliability for characterizing the food environment at Brazilian universities.

ABSTRACT Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that has a long incubation period and can lead to disabilities. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations, so detection of advanced-stage disease is very common. The main risk group are healthy contacts of infected people without treatment, who need constant monitoring for early detection of the disease. There is and effective multi-drug therapy to treat the disease, but nerve damage is irreversible. In the present study, an epidemiological and clinical characterization of Paraguayan patients with multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) leprosy and their household contacts (HCMB and HCPB) was carried out before and after treatment of the index case (T0 and T1, respectively). who resorted to the PNCL between 2018 and 2020. For that, blood and serum samples from 24 patients with leprosy and 17 household contacts were analyzed at the time of diagnosis of the index case and at the end of treatment, using standard laboratory tools for routine analysis. Through the use of clinical records, interviews were conducted to obtain epidemiological data. Patients were mostly male and contacts female, mostly from the countryside departments and the Central department, living in overcrowded conditions. There was a higher recruitment of MB and HCMB individuals. We observed no significant changes in the white blood cell levels amongst patients compared to healthy individuals but whereas contacts showed altered levels. The GOT liver enzyme level and BI level decreased after treatment of patients. Paraguayan patients with leprosy reflect demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics that are usually described for patients with this pathology. The analysis of biochemical parameters can help monitoring patients and household contacts for adequate surveillance of pathogen transmission.

RESUMEN La Lepra es una enfermedad crónica discapacitante causada por Mycobacterium leprae que presenta un largo periodo de incubación. El diagnóstico está basado en las manifestaciones clínicas por lo que la detección de la enfermedad en estadío avanzado es muy frecuente. El principal grupo de riesgo de enfermedad son los contactos sanos de personas infectadas sin tratamiento, por lo cual es importante el seguimiento de los mismos, para la detección temprana de la enfermedad. Existe una terapia de múltiples fármacos efectiva para tratar la enfermedad, pero las lesiones nerviosas son irreversibles. En el presente estudio, se realizó una caracterización epidemiológica y clínica de pacientes paraguayos con lepra multibacilar (MB), paucibacilar (PB) y sus contactos intradomiciliarios (CMB y CPB) antes y después del tratamiento del caso índice (T0 y T1 respectivamente), que recurrieron al PNCL entre los años 2018 y 2020. Para ello, fueron analizadas muestras de sangre y suero de 24 pacientes con lepra y 17 contactos intradomiciliarios, al momento del diagnóstico del caso índice y al culminar el tratamiento, utilizando herramientas estándar de laboratorio para análisis de rutina. Mediante el uso de fichas clínicas se realizaron entrevistas para la obtención de datos epidemiológicos. Se observó una mayor frecuencia de pacientes de sexo masculino y contactos de sexo femenino, en su mayoría procedentes del interior del país y del departamento Central, viviendo en condiciones hacinadas. Hubo un mayor reclutamiento de individuos MB y CMB. No hubo cambios significativos en los niveles de glóbulos blancos de los pacientes, pero sí en los contactos. Se observó que los niveles de enzima hepática GOT y los niveles de BI disminuyen posterior al tratamiento de pacientes. Los pacientes paraguayos que presentan lepra, reflejan características demográficas, clínicas y epidemiológicas que usualmente son descriptos para los pacientes con esta patología. El análisis de parámetros bioquímicos ayuda en la labor de monitorear a los pacientes y contactos domésticos para la vigilancia adecuada de la transmisión del patógeno.

Resumen: En noviembre de 2021 se informó sobre una nueva variante de preocupación (VoC) de SARS-CoV-2, la llamada variante Ómicron (B.1.1.529), que llamó la atención de los expertos por su elevado número de mutaciones en la proteína S. Presentamos a un paciente masculino de 51 años proveniente de Sudáfrica que comienza con síntomas respiratorios a las 48 horas de su llegada a la Ciudad de México. Durante su estancia en urgencias se obtuvo prueba de antígeno y RT-qPCR para SARS-CoV-2 positivas, con mínima alteración de parámetros de laboratorio y sin evidencia de afección pulmonar por tomografía. El paciente presentó evolución favorable y fue dado de alta seis días después. El día 29 de noviembre se recibió la notificación del Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) de que se trataba de la variante Ómicron del virus SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract: On November 2021 a new SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VoC), named Omicron (B.1.1.529) was reported. This variant draw attention for its high number of mutations on the S protein. We present a 51 year old male, from South Africa who started with respiratory symptoms 48 hours after his arrival to Mexico City. During his stay at the ER a positive antigen and positive RT-qPCR were obtained. Minimal laboratory alterations were observed with no evidence of lung involvement on the CT scan. The outcome was favorable and was discharged six days later. On November 29, a notification from InDRE was received, reporting that the sequence obtained was compatible with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.

ABSTRACT Background: The psychosocial effects derived from the COVID-19 pandemic have represented a challenge for the population worldwide. Stress is a frequent problem reported by women, impacting the strategies they use to deal with problems in daily life and their ability to recover from this critical phenomenon. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between stress levels, knowledge about COVID -19, ways of coping, and resilience in women. Method: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational study was carried out in a group of 386 Mexican women through a format that was distributed on social networks. Results: The data suggest that the higher the level of knowledge about COVID-19, the greater the perceived stress. High stress is positively and statistically significantly related to coping style, denial (r = .245; q = .20) and cognitive-reflective analysis (r = .303; q= .21). Low levels of stress are negatively and statistically significantly associated with a weak effect size with factors like social competence (r= -.198; q= .11) and family support (r = -. 227; q = .16). Conclusion: Stress affects women considerably due to work overload and interpersonal factors. This study offers the possibility of knowing the emotional state of women in times of COVID-19.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las afectaciones psicosociales derivadas de la pandemia por COVID-19 han representado un reto para la población a nivel mundial. El estrés es uno de los problemas emocionales mayormente reportados en las mujeres, impactando en las estrategias que emplean para enfrentar los problemas de la vida cotidiana y su capacidad de recuperarse ante este fenómeno crítico. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre los niveles de estrés, el conocimiento sobre la COVID -19, los estilos de afrontamiento y la resiliencia en mujeres. Método: Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal y correlacional en el que participaron 386 mujeres mexicanas las cuales respondieron un formato que se diseminó en redes sociales. Resultados: Los datos sugieren que a mayor nivel de conocimientos sobre la COVID-19 mayor estrés percibido. El estrés elevado se relaciona de manera positiva y estadísticamente significativa con el estilo de afrontamiento, negación (r=.245; q=.20) y análisis cognitivo-reflexivo (r=.303; q=.21). Niveles bajos de estrés se asocian de forma negativa, estadísticamente significativa y con un tamaño del efecto débil con las variables competencia social (r=-.198; q=.11) y apoyo familiar (r=-.227; q=.16). Conclusiones: El estrés afecta considerablemente a las mujeres debido a la sobrecarga de trabajo y a factores interpersonales. Este estudio ofrece la posibilidad de conocer el estado emocional de las mujeres en tiempos de la COVID-19.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos doadores e receptores de córnea antes de atingir a Fila Zero. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, de abordagem quantitativa, com delineamento transversal e analítico, analisando registros da base de dados da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Ceará, de 2013 a 2015. Resultados: Foram obtidos 1.558 doadores de córnea e 2.287 receptores de córnea, de 2013 a 2015. A maioria dos doadores era homem, procedente da capital, de 21 a 40 anos. Dentre os globos oculares doados, 14,52% foram descartados por má condição, infiltração ou sorologia positiva. Os receptores eram predominantemente mulheres acima de 60 anos de idade. Os procedimentos foram majoritariamente eletivos, devido à ceratopatia bolhosa (28%). Já para transplantes de emergência, a úlcera (38,51%) e o retransplante (35,14%) foram os mais prevalentes. Em geral, os transplantes foram custeados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes submetidos a transplantes de córnea foram do grupo etário senil, principalmente do sexo feminino, devendo esse grupo ser observado com cautela. Em contrapartida, os doadores eram, principalmente, homens e jovens, refletindo o alto número de pessoas que morrem devido a acidentes trágicos. A cirurgia de ceratopatia bolhosa foi a mais frequente dentre os transplantes eletivos; já a de úlcera foi a principal causa dos procedimentos de emergência. O fato de a maioria das cirurgias ter sido financiada pelo Sistema Único de Saúde reflete a importância desse sistema.

ABSTRACT Objective: To outline the epidemiological profile of cornea donors and recipients before reaching queue zero. Methods: Epidemiological study, of quantitative approach, with transversal, analytical design, analyzing database records from the Health Secretary of the State of Ceará, from 2013 to 2015. Results: We obtained 1,558 cornea donors and 2,287 cornea recipients from 2013 to 2015. Most donors were male, capital residents, from 21 to 40 years old. Of donated eyeballs, 14.52% were disposed, due to poor condition, infiltration or positive serology. The recipients were predominantly women over 60 years old. The procedures were mostly elective, due to bullous keratopathy (28%). Regarding emergency transplants, ulcer (38.51%) and retransplant (35.14%) were most prevalent. Predominantly, transplants were funded by the Unified Health System. Conclusion: The majority of patients who were submitted to corneal transplantation are senile, especially females, therefore should be cautiously observed. On the other hand, donors are mainly male and young, reflecting the high number of tragic accidents. The surgery for bullous keratopathy is the most frequent among elective transplants, while the ulcer surgery is the main cause of emergency procedures. The fact that most surgeries were financed by the Unified Health System reflects the importance of this system.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the prevalence of ophthalmologic manifestations in newborns in a maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo, SP, and the main risk factors related with the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Methods A retrospective, longitudinal study with patients born from 2015 to 2017 who required ophthalmological evaluation. The research variables were obtained by analysis of the newborn medical charts. Results A total of 773 patients were studied. The sample consisted of 288 examinations performed by indication of gestational age ≤32 weeks: 118 (42.4%) in 2015, 105 (42.2%) in 2016, 65 (26.4%) cases in 2017. There were 329 evaluations indicated due to birth weight: 113 (40.6%) in 2015, 108 (43.4%) in 2016, and 108 (43.9%) in 2017. The prevalence of associated risk factors was 97 (34.9%) cases in 2015, 96 (38.6%) in 2016, and 54 (22%) in 2017, followed by mechanical ventilation with 82 (29.5%) cases in 2015, 64 (25.7%) in 2016 and 41 (16.7%) in 2017, and continuous positive airway pressure with 59 (21.2%) cases in 2015, 72 (28.9%) in 2016, and 46 (18.7%) in 2017. For the other indications, the evaluations performed due to congenital syphilis were the majority in the 3-year period of the study, with 55 (19.8%) newborns in 2015, 54 (21.7%) in 2016, and 59 (24.0%) in 2017. The most prevalent ophthalmologic diagnosis was retinopathy of prematurity, with 79 (35.3%) cases in 2015, 64 (32.2%) in 2016, and 41 (24.1%) in 2017. Conclusion Most neonates born in the organization do not present risk factors for ophthalmological manifestations. Retinopathy of prematurity was the disease with greater strength of association found in our study. For the other indications, the evaluations performed due to congenital syphilis prevail in the 3- year period of the study.

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) omicron variant was first detected in South Africa in November 2021. Since then, the number of cases due to this variant increases enormously every day in different parts of the world. Mutations within omicron genome may impair the molecular detection resulting in false negative results during Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To verify if colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) targeting N and E genes would work efficiently to detect omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant and its sub-lineages. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) positive samples were sequenced by next generation DNA sequencing. The consensus sequences generated were submitted to Pangolin tool for SARS-CoV-2 lineage identification. RT-LAMP reactions were performed at 65ºC/30 min targeting N and E. FINDINGS SARS-CoV-2 omicron can be detected by RT-LAMP targeting N and E genes despite the genomic mutation of this more transmissible lineage. Omicron SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineages were tested and efficiently detected by RT-LAMP. We demonstrated that this test is very sensitive in detecting omicron variant, with LoD as low as 0.4 copies/µL. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Molecular detection of omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant and its sub-lineages can be achieved by RT-LAMP despite the genomic mutations as a very sensitive surveillance tool for COVID-19 molecular diagnosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os óbitos causados por câncer ocular durante os anos de 2010 a 2019 no Brasil. Métodos: Os dados foram selecionados na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do SUS do Ministério da Saúde, incluindo declarações de óbito, durante os anos de 2010 a 2019, de todos os estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal, filtrando os códigos C69.0 a C69.9 como causa básica de óbito, de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde – 10ᵃ Revisão. Resultados: Houve 1.859 óbitos por neoplasia maligna de olho e anexos (C69), no Brasil, no período de 2010 a 2019, acometendo 1.062 (57,1%) homens. O sítio da neoplasia não foi especificado (C69.9) em 719 casos, representando a etiologia mais frequente no grupo C69 (38,67%). A neoplasia maligna da órbita (C69.6) foi a segunda causa mais comum de óbito (22,59%), seguida pela neoplasia maligna da retina (C69.2) (14,73%). Conclusão: O número de óbitos por neoplasia maligna de olho e anexos aumentou discretamente ao longo dos anos de 2010 a 2019, no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the deaths caused by eye cancer from 2010 to 2019 in Brazil. Methods: Data were selected from SUS’ Computer Department platform at the Ministry of Health, including death certificates, from 2010 to 2019, from all Brazilian states and the Federal District, filtering the codes C69.0 to C69.9 as the cause of death, according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Results: There were 1,859 deaths from malignant neoplasm of eye and adnexa (C69), in Brazil, from 2010 to 2019, affecting 1,062 (57.1%) men. The site of neoplasm was unspecified (C69.9) in 719 cases, representing the most frequent etiology in the C69 group (38.67%). The malignant neoplasm of the orbit (C69.6) was the second most common cause of death (22.59%), followed by malignant neoplasm of retina (C69.2) (14.73%). Conclusion: The number of deaths due to malignant neoplasm of eye and adnexa slightly increased through the years of 2010 to 2019, in Brazil.

Resumo O uso de dietas ricas em carboidratos altamente fermentáveis e com baixos teores de fibras pode ocasionar desequilíbrio entre os microrganismos do rúmen com consequente acidose ruminal. Esse problema pode resultar em lesões na parede do rúmen, evoluindo com frequência para formação de ruminite. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar lesões ruminais macroscópicas e microscópicas, observadas em bovinos confinados que apresentavam lesões podais ou abscesso hepático. Avaliou-se 1060 bovinos pelo exame post mortem. Foram encontradas lesões podais em 88 animais, abscesso hepático em 10 e lesões ruminais macroscópicas em 230 bovinos, sendo caracterizado 178 rumens com hiperqueratose, 41 com hiperemia, 9 com úlcera e 2 com neoplasia. Os 98 bovinos com lesões podais e abscesso hepático foram selecionados para realização de exame histopatológico. Desses, foram encontradas lesões macroscópicas em 23 e, microscópicas, em 23 animais. Dos 23 animais que apresentaram lesões macroscópicas, 10 tiveram as mesmas alterações verificadas na microscopia. Foram diagnosticados 7 casos de hiperqueratose na avaliação macro e microscópica. Dos 5 casos de hiperemia verificados na macroscopia, 2 casos foram identificados na microscopia e um caso de úlcera identificado na macroscopia também foi identificado na microscopia. A avaliação microscópica dos rumens permitiu identificar lesões em animais com lesões podais que não apresentam alterações macroscópicas ruminais.

Abstract Administration of diets rich in highly fermentable carbohydrates and low fiber content can cause an imbalance between the microorganisms in the rumen with consequent ruminal acidosis. This problem can cause lesions in the rumen wall, often progressing to rumenitis. The purpose of the present was to characterize macroscopic and microscopic ruminal lesions observed in confined feedlot cattle with claw lesions or liver abscess. A total of 1060 bovines were evaluated via postmortem examination. Claw lesions were identified in 88, liver abscess in 10, and macroscopic rumen lesions in 230 bovines; furthermore, 178 rumens were characterized with hyperkeratosis, 41 with hyperemia, 9 with ulcer, and 2 with neoplasia. The 98 bovines with claw lesions and liver abscess were selected for histopathological examination. Of these, macroscopic lesions were noted in 23 and microscopic lesions in 23 animals. Of the 23 animals that presented macroscopic lesions, 10 showed the same changes observed under microscopy. Seven cases of hyperkeratosis were diagnosed in the macro and microscopic evaluation. Of the 5 cases of hyperemia verified on macroscopy, 2 cases were identified via microscopy, and 1 case of ulcer identified through macroscopy and microscopy. The microscopic evaluation of the rumens allowed the identification of lesions in animals with claw lesions that did not present macroscopic rumen alterations.

Abstract This was a retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the gender gap in articles submitted to three international dental journals based in Brazil. All submissions performed to Brazilian Dental Journal, Brazilian Oral Research, and Journal of Applied Oral Science before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020) were assessed. Gender of the first, last, and corresponding authors were collected. Other variables collected were journal, continent studied by authors and stage of their careers (classified according to authors’ highest degree), and final decision reached in the article. Absolute and relative frequencies with 95% confidence intervals, Pearson’s Chi-square tests, and Fisher’s Exact test were used (α = 0.05). In total, 4,726 unique submissions were analyzed. A higher proportion of early-career authors was observed during the pandemic (44.8% to 49.3%, p = 0.021). Most articles were rejected but without association with gender. Increased proportion of male first authors from before to during the pandemic was observed (39% to 42.1%, p = 0.034). Drop in the proportion of articles with women as first authors was observed for researchers in their early- (65.9% to 58.8%, p = 0.02) and mid-career stages (63% to 55.8%, p = 0.014). Reduction in women as first authors was observed during the pandemic in South and Central Americas (66.7% to 61.5%, p = 0.010), and when the last author was a female, or the corresponding author was a male. In conclusion, a disproportionate impact on female dental researchers in submitting articles in the period from before to during the pandemic was observed when considering first authorship, suggesting that the COVID-19 may have increased the gender inequality in dental science.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as interfaces entre o adoecimento mental, a partir do rastreamento de transtornos mentais comuns, e aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde e hábitos de vida de trabalhadores de enfermagem de unidades COVID-19. Método: Estudo de métodos mistos, realizado com 327 trabalhadores de enfermagem de unidades COVID-19 de sete hospitais do Brasil, públicos e filantrópicos, de médio e grande porte. A coleta incluiu um questionário sociolaboral, de saúde e hábitos de vida, o Self-Reporting Questionnaire, e entrevistas. Foram aplicados Testes Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher nos dados quantitativos e análise temática de conteúdo, com auxílio do software NVivo nos qualitativos. Resultados: Os transtornos mentais comuns foram rastreados em 35,5% da amostra e se associaram ao sexo feminino (p = 0,004), idade de até 40 anos (p = 0,003), enfermeiro (p = 0,014), relatar doença prévia (p = 0,003), usar psicoativos (p < 0,001), medicamentos que não utilizava antes da pandemia (p < 0,001) e relatar má qualidade do sono/alimentação (p < 0,001). Os impactos da pandemia na vida social e familiar apresentaram interfaces com o adoecimento mental. Conclusão Sugere-se a presença de adoecimento psíquico, possivelmente associado às repercussões da pandemia no trabalho e na vida pessoal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the interfaces between mental illness, based on common mental disorder screening, and sociodemographic, health and life habits aspects of nursing workers at COVID-19 units. Method: A mixed methods study, carried out with 327 nursing workers from COVID-19 units of seven public and philanthropic, medium and large hospitals in Brazil. The collection included a socio-employment, health and lifestyle questionnaire, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, and interviews. chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were applied to quantitative data and thematic content analysis, with the help of NVivo in the qualitative ones. Results: Common mental disorders were screened in 35.5% of the sample and were associated with female sex (p = 0.004), age up to 40 years (p = 0.003), nurse (p = 0.014), reporting previous illness (p = 0.003), using psychoactive drugs (p < 0.001), medication that was not used before the pandemic (p < 0.001) and reporting poor sleep/eating quality (p < 0.001). The impacts of the pandemic on social and family life presented interfaces with mental illness. Conclusion: The presence of psychological illness is suggested, possibly associated with the repercussions of the pandemic on work and personal life.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las interfaces entre la enfermedad mental, a partir del tamizaje de los trastornos mentales comunes, y aspectos sociodemográficos, de salud y de hábitos de vida de trabajadores de enfermería en unidades de COVID-19. Método: Estudio de métodos mixtos, realizado con 327 trabajadores de enfermería de unidades COVID-19 de siete hospitales públicos y filantrópicos, medianos y grandes de Brasil. La recogida incluyó un cuestionario sociolaboral, de salud y de estilo de vida, el Self-Reporting Questionnaire y entrevistas. Para los datos cuantitativos y análisis de contenido temático se aplicaron las pruebas Chi-Cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher, con la ayuda del software NVivo en los cualitativos. Resultados: Los trastornos mentales comunes fueron tamizados en el 35,5% de la muestra y se asociaron al sexo femenino (p = 0,004), edad hasta 40 años (p = 0,003), enfermero (p = 0,014), relatar enfermedad previa (p = 0,003), usar psicofármacos (p < 0,001), medicación que no se usaba antes de la pandemia (p < 0,001) y referir mala calidad del sueño/alimentación (p < 0,001). Los impactos de la pandemia en la vida social y familiar presentaron interfaces con la enfermedad mental. Conclusión: Se sugiere la presencia de enfermedad psíquica, posiblemente asociada a las repercusiones de la pandemia en la vida laboral y personal.

ABSTRACT Kidney transplantation of organs from adult donors implanted into a narrow anatomical cavity in underweight pediatric patients offers significant medical and surgical challenges to be considered. In this publication we report the first case in Paraguay of a kidney with two renal arteries, grafted to the aorta and inferior vena cava within the abdominal cavity, on a 12 kilogram pediatric patient, evaluating the medical, anatomical and surgical conditions faced, as well as the treatment options instituted to successfully carry out this procedure.

RESUMEN El trasplante renal de órganos provenientes de donantes adultos implantados en una cavidad anatómica estrecha en pacientes pediátricos de bajo peso, ofrece importantes desafíos médicos y quirúrgicos a ser considerados. En esta publicación reportamos el primer caso en el Paraguay de un riñón con dos arterias renales injertado a la aorta y vena cava inferior, dentro de la cavidad abdominal de un paciente pediátrico de 12 kilogramos de peso, evaluando las dificultades médicas, anatómicas y quirúrgicas enfrentadas, así como las opciones de tratamiento instituidas para llevar a cabo este procedimiento de manera exitosa.