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Resumo Introdução: A estimulação não-invasiva tem sido amplamente utilizada nos últimos 30 anos no estudo e no tratamento de um grande número de doenças neurológicas, incluindo distúrbios do movimento. Objetivos: Nesta revisão crítica, discutimos o embasamento científico do uso da estimulação não-invasiva em distúrbios do movimento e as evidências científicas dos principais ensaios clínicos realizados. Métodos: Um grupo de especialistas realizou uma revisão crítica abrangente da literatura a fim de analisar as principais aplicações da estimulação magnética transcraniana (EMT) e da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) em distúrbios do movimento. As classes de evidência e de recomendação foram descritas para cada doença. Resultados: Apesar da grande variabilidade da metodologia e baixo efeito clínico, a EMT é provavelmente eficaz para o tratamento dos sintomas motores e da depressão na doença de Parkinson. A eficácia em outros distúrbios do movimento ainda é incerta. A EMT é possivelmente eficaz para o tratamento da distonia focal da mão, do tremor essencial e da ataxia cerebelar. No entanto, é provavelmente ineficaz na redução dos tiques na síndrome de Tourette. Finalmente, a ETCC é provavelmente eficaz na melhora da marcha na doença de Parkinson. Conclusões: As evidências até o momento sugerem que a estimulação não-invasiva pode ser benéfica para o alívio de alguns sintomas em determinados distúrbios do movimento como a doença de Parkinson, o tremor essencial, a distonia e a ataxia. Os protocolos de aplicação e paradigmas de estimulação ainda precisam ser investigados em ensaios clínicos maiores, assim como os seus efeitos a longo prazo.

Abstract Background: Noninvasive stimulation has been widely used in the past 30 years to study and treat a large number of neurological diseases, including movement disorders. Objective: In this critical review, we illustrate the rationale for use of these techniques in movement disorders and summarize the best medical evidence based on the main clinical trials performed to date. Methods: A nationally representative group of experts performed a comprehensive review of the literature in order to analyze the key clinical decision-making factors driving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in movement disorders. Classes of evidence and recommendations were described for each disease. Results: Despite unavoidable heterogeneities and low effect size, TMS is likely to be effective for treating motor symptoms and depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The efficacy in other movement disorders is unclear. TMS is possibly effective for focal hand dystonia, essential tremor and cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, it is likely to be ineffective in reducing tics in Tourette syndrome. Lastly, tDCS is likely to be effective in improving gait in PD. Conclusions: There is encouraging evidence for the use of noninvasive stimulation on a subset of symptoms in selected movement disorders, although the means to optimize protocols for improving positive outcomes in routine clinical practice remain undetermined. Similarly, the best stimulation paradigms and responder profile need to be investigated in large clinical trials with established therapeutic and assessment paradigms that could also allow genuine long-term benefits to be determined.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0381 427 downloads

Tipologia de manejo de ordenha: análise de fatores de risco para a mastite subclínica
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Lange, Maichel J.

; Zambom, Maximiliane A.

; Pozza, Magali S.S.

; Simões, Gilberto H.

; Fernandes, Tatiane

; Tinini, Rodrigo C.R.

; Fornari, Josias

; Anschau, Fernando A.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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nov 2017, Volume 37 N. 11 Pages 1205 - 1212

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Apesar do volume de leite produzido, a qualidade da matéria-prima é um dos maiores entraves ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e à consolidação da indústria de laticínios no Brasil. Dentre os entraves, toma destaque a contagem de células somáticas do leite, que é o indicador mais usado em programas de controle e prevenção da mastite em todo o mundo. Com objetivo de identificar características no manejo de ordenha e quantificar fatores de risco que elevam a mastite subclínica e seus principais agentes causadores, realizou-se coleta de dados in loco em propriedades leiteiras na região Oeste do Paraná, coletas que consistiam na aplicação de dois questionários guia semi-estruturados, acompanhamento de uma ordenha e coleta de leite de três vacas que apresentassem o teste de CMT positivo. Com a utilização do método estatístico de análise de correspondência múltipla (ACM) chegou-se a um montante de 12 variáveis a serem estudadas e a formação das dimensões 1 e 2 com 28,54% e 21,06% da variância explicada respectivamente. Com a análise de classificação hierárquica ascendente permitiu reduzir o universo inicial de 112 vacas para quatro grupos homogêneos de produção (G1, G2, G3, G4). As características de manejo de ordenha: tipo de ordenha, secagem dos tetos antes da ordenha, tratamento para casos de mastite clínica, higiene das mãos do ordenhador e treinamento dos ordenadores foram identificados como fatores de risco para mastite subclínica com isolamento do agente Staphylococcus coagulase negativo, o qual foi o agente mais prevalente nos isolamentos microbiológicos das amostras de leite com mastite subclínica.

ABSTRACT: Despite the produced milk volume, its quality is one of the barriers for technological development and consolidation of the dairy industry in Brazil. Among the barriers is the milk somatic cell count, which is the indicator used in most control programs and prevention of mastitis. In order to identify characteristics in the management of milking and to quantify risk factors that increase subclinical mastitis and its main bacterial agents, data were collected in situ on dairy farms in western Paraná. The data collection consisted in the application of two questionnaires, in accompanying a milking procedure, and in collection of CMT positive milk samples from three cows. Using the statistical method of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) we came to a total of 12 variables to be studied, and to the formation of dimension 1 and 2 with respectively 28.54% and 21.06% of the explained variance. With the hierarchical ascending classification analysis it was possible to reduce the initial population of 112 cows to produce four homogeneous groups (G1, G2, G3, G4). The milking handling characteristics, as type of milking, drying teats before milking, treatment for cases of clinical mastitis, milker’s hand hygiene and as training of officers, were identified as risk factors for subclinical mastitis with isolation of a coagulase negative Staphylococcus, which was the most prevalent agent in milk samples of subclinical mastitis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017001100004 3325 downloads

Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) silage as a replacement for Tifton 85 hay to feed lactating cows
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Avila, André Sanches de

; Zambom, Maximiliane Alavarse

; Faccenda, Andressa

; Eckstein, Everline Inês

; Anschau, Fernando André

; Garcias, Jessica

; Schneider, Cibele Regina

; Fornari, Josias Luis

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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sep 2017, Volume 46 N. 9 Pages 766 - 772

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the replacement of Tifton 85 hay (TH) for Tifton 85 silage (TS) in the diets of lactating cows. Five Holstein cows in middle of lactation were allocated in a 5 × 5 Latin square design and each experimental period lasted 18 days (12 days for adaptation and six days for collection). Treatments consisted of replacement of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of TH for TS. The intake and digestion of nutrients, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield and composition, and the economic viability of the diets were evaluated. The intakes of dry matter, organic matter, and ether extract had a positive linear effect and the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber decreased linearly with increasing participation of TS. Milk production and composition and microbial protein synthesis were not affected. Regarding economic viability, the treatment with 100% hay produced better results, with better gross margin. The Tifton 85 silage can be used as a replacement for Tifton 85 hay up to 100% without changing the milk production and composition of Holstein cows.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-92902017000900009 1034 downloads

Overactive bladder – 18 years – Part II
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Truzzi, Jose Carlos

; Gomes, Cristiano Mendes

; Bezerra, Carlos A.

; Plata, Ivan Mauricio

; Campos, Jose

; Garrido, Gustavo Luis

; Almeida, Fernando G.

; Averbeck, Marcio Augusto

; Fornari, Alexandre

; Salazar, Anibal

; Dell’Oro, Arturo

; Cintra, Caio

; Sacomani, Carlos Alberto Ricetto

; Tapia, Juan Pablo

; Brambila, Eduardo

; Longo, Emilio Miguel

; Rocha, Flavio Trigo

; Coutinho, Francisco

; Favre, Gabriel

; Garcia, José Antonio

; Castaño, Juan

; Reyes, Miguel

; Leyton, Rodrigo Eugenio

; Ferreira, Ruiter Silva

; Duran, Sergio

; López, Vanda

; Reges, Ricardo

International braz j urol

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apr 2016, Volume 42 N. 2 Pages 199 - 214

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Traditionally, the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome has been based on the use of oral medications with the purpose of reestablishing the detrusor stability. The recent better understanding of the urothelial physiology fostered conceptual changes, and the oral anticholinergics – pillars of the overactive bladder pharmacotherapy – started to be not only recognized for their properties of inhibiting the detrusor contractile activity, but also their action on the bladder afference, and therefore, on the reduction of the symptoms that constitute the syndrome. Beta-adrenergic agonists, which were recently added to the list of drugs for the treatment of overactive bladder, still wait for a definitive positioning – as either a second-line therapy or an adjuvant to oral anticholinergics. Conservative treatment failure, whether due to unsatisfactory results or the presence of adverse side effects, define it as refractory overactive bladder. In this context, the intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A emerged as an effective option for the existing gap between the primary measures and more complex procedures such as bladder augmentation. Sacral neuromodulation, described three decades ago, had its indication reinforced in this overactive bladder era. Likewise, the electric stimulation of the tibial nerve is now a minimally invasive alternative to treat those with refractory overactive bladder. The results of the systematic literature review on the oral pharmacological treatment and the treatment of refractory overactive bladder gave rise to this second part of the review article Overactive Bladder – 18 years, prepared during the 1st Latin-American Consultation on Overactive Bladder.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.0367 2297 downloads

Overactive bladder – 18 years – part I
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Truzzi, Jose Carlos

; Gomes, Cristiano Mendes

; Bezerra, Carlos A.

; Plata, Ivan Mauricio

; Campos, Jose

; Garrido, Gustavo Luis

; Almeida, Fernando G.

; Averbeck, Marcio Augusto

; Fornari, Alexandre

; Salazar, Anibal

; Dell'Oro, Arturo

; Cintra, Caio

; Sacomani, Carlos Alberto Ricetto

; Tapia, Juan Pablo

; Brambila, Eduardo

; Longo, Emilio Miguel

; Rocha, Flavio Trigo

; Coutinho, Francisco

; Favre, Gabriel

; Garcia, José Antonio

; Castaño, Juan

; Reyes, Miguel

; Leyton, Rodrigo Eugenio

; Ferreira, Ruiter Silva

; Duran, Sergio

; López, Vanda

; Reges, Ricardo

International braz j urol

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apr 2016, Volume 42 N. 2 Pages 188 - 198

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Abstract: Overactive bladder syndrome is one of the lower urinary tract dysfunctions with the highest number of scientific publications over the past two decades. This shows the growing interest in better understanding this syndrome, which gathers symptoms of urinary urgency and increased daytime and nighttime voiding frequency, with or without urinary incontinence and results in a negative impact on the quality of life of approximately one out of six individuals – including both genders and almost all age groups. The possibility of establishing the diagnosis just from clinical data made patients' access to specialized care easier. Physiotherapy resources have been incorporated into the urological daily practice. A number of more selective antimuscarinic drugs with consequent lower adverse event rates were released. Recently, a new class of oral drugs, beta-adrenergic agonists has become part of the armamentarium for Overactive Bladder. Botulinum toxin injections in the bladder and sacral neuromodulation are routine modalities of treatment for refractory cases. During the 1st Latin-American Consultation on Overactive Bladder, a comprehensive review of the literature related to the evolution of the concept, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management was conducted. This text corresponds to the first part of the review Overactive Bladder 18-years.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.0365 3261 downloads

Spirulina platensis Enhances the Beneficial Effect of Exercise on Oxidative Stress and the Lipid Profile in Rats
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Mazzola, Daiane

; Fornari, Fernando

; Vigano, Gabriela

; Oro, Tatiana

; Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira

; Bertolin, Telma Elita

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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dec 2015, Volume 58 N. 6 Pages 961 - 969

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Spirulina platensis and moderate exercise on oxidative stress and lipid profiles in the rats. Forty male Wistar rats were allocated to the following 10-week treatments, three times a week: exercise (E, 30 min swimming),S. platensis (SP, 26 mg/Kg); exercise andSpirulina (ES); and control (C). Outcomes were Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) in serum and brain, and cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) in serum. Rats treated with exercise showed lower brain TBARS than the controls, mostly in association withS. platensis. In the groups E and ES, serum TBARS decreased after intervention. Compared with the controls, both E and ES prevented an increase in cholesterol and reduced triglycerides. Results demonstrated thatS. platensis enhanced the beneficial effect of exercise on oxidative stress and lipid profiles in rats, which might be a promising approach for treating metabolic syndrome in humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132015060216 2480 downloads

Fungicide application using a trailing boom in soybean fields
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Weirich Neto, Pedro H.

; Fornari, Allison J.

; Bauer, Fernando C.

; Justino, Altair

; Garcia, Luiz C.

Engenharia Agrícola

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aug 2013, Volume 33 N. 4 Pages 876 - 882

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se o controle químico de doenças de final de ciclo com barra de arrasto afeta os componentes de rendimento da cultura da soja em comparação com a tecnologia convencional. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 04 tratamentos, que consistiram na aplicação de fungicidas com pulverizador terrestre de barra, barra de arrasto, pulverizador de barra mais barra de arrasto, simultaneamente, e testemunha (sem aplicação de fungicidas na parte aérea), em 05 repetições por tratamento. As variáveis avaliadas foram: população final, vagens por planta, grãos por vagem, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. Nas condições experimentais, conclui-se que o controle de doenças foliares com fungicida apresentou massa de mil grãos e produtividade significativamente maior que a média das parcelas sem aplicação de fungicida. A pulverização com barra de arrasto não afetou significativamente os componentes de rendimento em comparação com a tecnologia atualmente utilizada.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects in the yield of soybean crop utilizing a trailing boom sprayer for chemical control of late season diseases. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 04 treatments, which consisted of applying fungicides with a traditional sprayer, trailing boom, the traditional sprayer plus the trailing boom simultaneously and control (without fungicide aerial application) in 05 repetitions per treatment. The variables evaluated were: final plant population, pods per plant, grains per pod, weight of one thousand grains and yield. It was concluded that the control of foliar diseases with fungicides presented weight of one thousand grains and yield significantly higher than the average of plots without fungicide application. The trailing boom did not significantly affect the yield compared to the technology currently used.

1983 downloads

CT evaluation of apical canal transportation associated with stainless steel hand files, oscillatory technique and ProTaper rotary system
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Hartmann, Mateus Silveira Martins

; Fontanella, Vânia Regina Camargo

; Vanni, José Roberto

; Fornari, Volmir João

; Barletta, Fernando Branco

Brazilian Dental Journal

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2011, Volume 22 N. 4 Pages 288 - 293

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este estudo utilizou a tomografia computadorizada (TC) para comparar o transporte do canal radicular nos canais mésio-vestibulares de molares superiores preparados por diferentes técnicas. Sessenta molares superiores foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=20) de acordo com a técnica utilizada para o preparo do canal radicular: instrumentação manual com limas K-Flexofile, limas K-Flexofile acopladas a um sistema oscilatório e sistema rotatório ProTaper. Imagens de TC pré e pós-instrumentação foram obtidas 3 mm aquém do forame apical e superpostas para comparar o transporte do canal. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Teste de Tukey utilizando o software SPSS (α=0,05). Na direção vestibular, a técnica manual produziu significantemente menos transporte do canal radicular do que a técnica oscilatória (p<0,05) e ambas foram similares a técnica rotatória (p>0,05). Nas direções distal e disto-palatina, a técnica oscilatória produziu mais transporte do canal radicular (p<0,05). Na direção mésio-palatina, a técnica oscilatória produziu mais transporte do canal radicular do que a técnica manual (p<0,05), sendo que ambas foram similares à técnica rotatória (p>0,05). Em conclusão, todas as técnicas produziram transporte do canal radicular e a técnica oscilatória produziu os maiores desgastes de dentina na direção interna da curvatura.

This study used computed tomography (CT) to compare apical canal transportation in mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars prepared with different techniques. Sixty teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=20), according to the technique used for root canal instrumentation: hand instrumentation with K-Flexofiles, K-Flexofiles activated by an oscillatory system and ProTaper NiTi rotary system. Pre and post-instrumentation CT images were obtained 3 mm short of the apical foramen and were superimposed to compare canal transportation. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test using the SPSS software (α=0.05). In the buccal direction, the manual technique produced significantly less canal transportation than the oscillatory technique (p<0.05) and both were similar to the rotary technique (p>0.05). In the distal and distopalatal directions, the oscillatory technique produced more canal transportation (p<0.05). In the mesiopalatal direction, the oscillatory technique produced more canal transportation than the manual technique (p<0.05), and both were similar to the rotary technique (p>0.05). In conclusion, all techniques produced canal transportation, and the oscillatory technique produced the greatest removal of root dentin toward the innerside of the root curvature.

5123 downloads

Prevalência do HBsAg em gestantes de Passo Fundo, RS: estudo comparativo entre os sistemas de saúde público e privado
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Liell, Andressa Pilonetto

; Weber, Daiane

; Toscan, Camila

; Fornari, Fernando

; Madalosso, Luiz Fernando

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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mar 2009, Volume 46 N. 1 Pages 75 - 77

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Estimou-se a prevalência do HBsAg em gestantes dos sistemas de saúde público e privado de Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Foram analisados prontuários de 3.573 gestantes de 6 serviços públicos e 16 privados. O nível socioeconômico foi estimado comparando-se o número de gestações. A prevalência geral de HBsAg foi de 0,7%, não diferindo entre os sistemas público e privado (0,64% vs 0,79%; P = 0,603). O número de gestações foi maior nas gestantes do sistema público [2 (1-6) vs 1 (1-3); P = 0,0001]. Conclui-se que a prevalência do HBsAg em gestantes de Passo Fundo é baixa e independente do nível socioeconômico.

We estimated the prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women assisted in public and private health systems of the city of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Health registers of 3,573 patients assisted in 6 public and 16 private services were analyzed. The socioeconomic level was estimated comparing the number of pregnancies. Overall prevalence of HBsAg was 0.7%, being similar comparing public and private systems (0.64 vs 0.79%; P = 0.603). Pregnancy number was higher in patients of the private system [2 (1-6) vs 1 (1-3); P = 0.0001]. The prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women of Passo Fundo was low and independent of the socioeconomic level.

2222 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

10.

Abdominal angiostrongyliasis: report of two cases with different clinical presentations
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Rodriguez, Rubens

; Dequi, Roberta Martins

; Peruzzo, Lucas

; Mesquita, Paulo Moacir

; Garcia, Errol

; Fornari, Fernando

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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dec 2008, Volume 50 N. 6 Pages 339 - 341

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A angiostrongilíase abdominal é doença esporádica decorrente da infecção pelo nematódeo Angiostrongylus costaricensis. Costuma manifestar-se como abdome agudo secundário a isquemia mesentérica, além de marcada eosinofilia. Pode também apresentar-se de forma insidiosa e transitória, exigindo alta suspeita clínica para o diagnóstico. A doença é confirmada pela identificação de elementos do A. costaricensis em peças cirúrgicas. O tratamento é apenas de suporte, devendo-se evitar o uso de anti-helmínticos pela possibilidade de migração errática do verme com piora do quadro. Aqui foram apresentados dois casos, ambos com acentuada eosinofilia e ELISA-IgG sérico positivo para A. costaricencis. O primeiro caso cursou com perfuração ileal e foi tratado cirurgicamente. O segundo caso apresentou nódulos hepáticos ao ultrassom e foi tratado sintomaticamente, evoluindo para lenta resolução. Estes dois casos exemplificam diferentes formas de apresentação clínica da doença, uma delas com envolvimento hepático.

Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is a sporadic infectious disease caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus costaricensis. It usually presents as acute abdomen, secondary to mesenteric ischemia, and pronounced eosinophilia. In some cases its course is insidious and transient, and the diagnosis is suspicious. The disease is confirmed by the detection of A. costaricensis elements in surgical specimen. The treatment is supportive, with avoidance of antihelminthic administration due to a possible erratic migration followed by worsening of the disease. We report two cases, both with intense eosinophilia and serum IgG-ELISA positive to A. costaricensis. The first case presented ileal perforation and was surgically treated. The second one showed hepatic nodules at ultrasound and was only symptomatically treated, evolving to an apparent protracted resolution. These two cases exemplify different clinical forms of the disease, one of them with liver involvement.

5871 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

11.

Questionário de sintomas na doença do refluxo gastroesofágico
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Fornari, Fernando

; Gruber, Antônio Carlos

; Lopes, Antônio de Barros

; Cecchetti, Dileta

; Barros, Sérgio Gabriel Silva de

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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dec 2004, Volume 41 N. 4 Pages 263 - 267

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RACIONAL: Questionários estruturados são valiosos instrumentos para medir o impacto de doenças na qualidade de vida dos pacientes através do cálculo de um escore e são disponíveis tanto no exterior, quanto no Brasil. Entretanto, questionários baseados em sintomas para a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico não são disponíveis na língua portuguesa. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver e validar na língua portuguesa um questionário específico de sintomas na doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Traduziu-se o questionário de Velanovich, acrescentou-se uma questão para o sintoma "regurgitação" e adaptou-se o vocabulário à escolaridade média estimada da população estudada. A "validade de face" para cada pergunta foi avaliada por um painel multidisciplinar e um questionário QS-DRGE consensual construído. O questionário foi, então, respondido por pacientes com sintomas de refluxo gastroesofágico confirmado por pHmetria esofagiana prolongada. Mediu-se sua compreensão, o tempo necessário para respondê-lo, sua reprodutibilidade e o coeficiente de correlação com o escore de Johnson-DeMeester. RESULTADOS: A "validade de face" foi referendada pelo painel e o questionário aplicado a 124 indivíduos, consecutivamente. A compreensão do questionário e o tempo menor do que 5 minutos para seu preenchimento foram observados em todos os indivíduos (100%). A reprodutibilidade em 10 indivíduos, em duas ocasiões distintas, apresentou elevado coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (0,833). A correlação com o escore de Johnson-DeMeester foi nula. CONCLUSÃO: O questionário de sintomas na doença do refluxo gastroesofágico apresentou "validade de face", fácil compreensão e rápida resposta em todos os indivíduos com excelente reprodutibilidade. A correlação com o escore de Johnson-DeMeester foi nula.

BACKGROUND: Structured questionnaires are valuable instruments to measure the impact of specific diseases in patient's quality of life through a score and they are available such abroad as in Brazil. Nevertheless, questionnaires based on gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms are not available in Portuguese. AIM: To develop and validate in Portuguese a specific questionnaire for gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Velanovich's original questionnaire was translated, one question about "regurgitation" symptom was included and the vocabulary was adjusted to be understood to the scholarity level of the analyzed population. The "face validity" to each question was evaluated by the members of a multidisciplinary panel and a symptom's questionnaire for gastroesophageal reflux disease was developed. The questionnaire was applied to patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms confirmed by prolonged pH esophageal monitoring. The reproducibility, the comprehension, the time spent to fill out the questionnaire and the correlation coefficient to Johnson-DeMeester's score were measured. RESULTS: The "face validity" was considered satisfactory by the panel and the questionnaire was applied to 124 patients, consecutively. The comprehension of the questionnaire and the time less than 5 minutes to fill out them were observed in all patients (100%). Reproducibility for 10 patients in two different occasions showed a high intra-class correlation coefficient of 0,833. The correlation to the Johnson-DeMeester's score was null. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the symptom's questionnaire for gastroesophageal reflux disease has "face validity", excellent reproducibility, easy comprehension and was quickly answered by patients. The correlation with Johnson-DeMeester's score was null.

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